ASTM D5730-02
(Guide)Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Ground Water
Standard Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Ground Water
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a general approach to planning field investigations that is useful for any type of environmental investigation with a primary focus on the subsurface and major factors affecting the surface and subsurface environment. Generally, such investigations should identify and locate, both horizontally and vertically, significant soil and rock masses and ground water conditions present within a given site area and establish the characteristics of the subsurface materials by sampling or in situ testing, or both. The extent of characterization and specific methods used will be determined by the environmental objectives and data quality requirements of the investigation. This guide focuses on field methods for determining site characteristics and collection of samples for further physical and chemical characterization. This guide does not address special considerations required for characterization of karst and fractured rock terrane. In such hydrogeologic settings refer to Quinlan and Guide D 5717, (1).
1.2 This guide refers to ASTM standard methods by which soil, rock, vadose zone, and ground water conditions may be determined. Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and ground-water samples is specified by other ASTM standards which are not specifically discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods for measurement of physical properties relevant to environmental investigations are included in Appendix X1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation: D 5730 – 02
Standard Guide for
Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With
Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Ground
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Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5730; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide covers the selection of the various ASTM Standards that are available for the
investigation of soil, rock, the vadose zone, ground water, and other media where the investigations
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have an environmental purpose. It is intended to improve consistency of practice and to encourage
rational planning of a site characterization program by providing a checklist to assist in the design of
an environmental reconnaissance/investigation plan. The subsurface conditions at a particular site are
usually the result of a combination of natural geologic, topographic, hydrologic, and climatic factors,
and of historical modifications both natural and manmade. An adequate and internally consistent site
characterization program will allow evaluation of the results of these influences. Site characterization
for engineering, design, and construction purposes are addressed in a separate guide, Guide D 420.
The understanding of environmental processes occurring in soil and rock systems depends on
adequate characterization of physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and rock. Processes
of interest may include, but are not limited to, surface and subsurface hydrology, contaminant
mobilization, distribution, fate and transport; chemical and biological degradation of wastes; and
geomorphological/ecological processes. Although this guide focusses primarily on characterization of
soil and rock, it is understood that climatic and biotic factors may also be important in understanding
environmental processes in soil and rock systems.
1. Scope ground water conditions present within a given site area and
establish the characteristics of the subsurface materials by
1.1 This guide covers a general approach to planning field
sampling or in situ testing, or both. The extent of character-
investigations that is useful for any type of environmental
ization and specific methods used will be determined by the
investigation with a primary focus on the subsurface and major
environmental objectives and data quality requirements of the
factors affecting the surface and subsurface environment.
investigation. This guide focuses on field methods for deter-
Generally, such investigations should identify and locate, both
mining site characteristics and collection of samples for further
horizontally and vertically, significant soil and rock masses and
physical and chemical characterization. This guide does not
address special considerations required for characterization of
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock karst and fractured rock terrane. In such hydrogeologic settings
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface
refer to Quinlan and Guide D 5717, (1).
Characterization.
1.2 This guide refers to ASTM standard methods by which
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally
soil, rock, vadose zone, and ground water conditions may be
published as D 5730 – 95. Last previous edition D 5730 – 98.
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D18.01 (Surface and
determined. Laboratory testing of soil, rock, and ground-water
Subsurface Characterization) of the Committee on Soil and Rock, and as such has
samples is specified by other ASTM standards which are not
a primary focus on subsurface characterization, including soil, rock, and fluids
specifically discussed in this guide. Laboratory methods for
contained therein (including liquid and gaseous components), and subsurface biota.
Surface hydrology, meteorology, air quality, geomorphic processes, biota, and waste measurement of physical properties relevant to environmental
materials (when present at a site) are to a greater or lesser extent linked to
investigations are included in Appendix X1.
environmental processes in soil and rock systems. Consequently other ASTM
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
methods of particular relevance to environmental site investigations are identified in
standard.
this guide, but are addressed in less detail.
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D5730–02
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
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