ASTM D3180-89(2002)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
Standard Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
SCOPE
1.1 This practice gives formulas to enable analytical data to be expressed on various different bases in common use. Such bases are: as received, dry, equilibrium moisture, dry ash free, and others.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
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Designation:D3180–89(Reapproved2002)
Standard Practice for
Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to
Different Bases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 as-received basis—analytical data calculated to the
moisture condition of the sample as it arrived at the laboratory
1.1 This practice gives formulas to enable analytical data to
and before any processing or conditioning. If the sample has
be expressed on various different bases in common use. Such
been maintained in a sealed state so that there has been no gain
bases are: as received, dry, equilibrium moisture, dry ash free,
or loss, the as-received basis is equivalent to the moisture basis
and others.
as sampled.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 dry basis—data calculated to a theoretical base of no
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
moisture associated with the sample. The numerical value as
responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate
established by Test Method D 3173 is used for converting the
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
as-determined data to a dry basis.
regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 dry, ash-free basis—data calculated to a theoretical
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
base of no moisture or ash associated with the sample.
standard.
Numerical values as established by Test Method D 3173 and
2. Referenced Documents Test Method D 3174 are used for converting the as-determined
data to a moisture- and ash-free basis.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.5 equilibrium moisture base—data calculated to the
D 388 Classification of Coals by Rank
moisture level established as the equilibrium moisture. Nu-
D 1412 Test Method for Equilibrium Moisture of Coal at 96
merical values as established by Test Method D 1412 are used
to 97 Percent Relative Humidity and 30°C
for the calculation.
D 2013 Practice of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D 3173 Test Method for Moisture in theAnalysis Sample of
4. Significance and Use
Coal and Coke
4.1 The calculations of analytical data for the coal and coke
D 3174 Test Method forAsh in theAnalysis Sample of Coal
test parameters listed in Section 6, assume the analysis sample
and Coke from Coal
has been prepared according to Practice D 2013.
3. Terminology
4.2 This practice provides formulas, to enable calculations
of data from the as-determined analysis sample to various
3.1 Definitions:
moisture basis, in common use by the coal and coke industry.
3.1.1 as-determined basis—analytical data obtained from
the analysis sample of coal or coke after conditioning and
5. Applicable Parameters and Symbols Used
preparation to No. 60 (250-µm) sieve in accordance with
5.1 Thecalculationproceduresdefinedin6.1.3and6.2.2are
Practice D 2013. As-determined data represents the numerical
applicable to the following analysis parameters when ex-
values obtained at the particular moisture level in the sample at
pressed as a weight percentage (except gross calorific value as
the time of analysis. These values are normally converted,
Btu/lb):
accordingtoformulaecontainedherein,toconventionalreport-
Ash
ing bases.
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Chlorine
Calorific value (gross)
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and
Fixed carbon
Coke and is the direct responsibility of D05.21 Methods ofAnalysis.21 on Methods
Nitrogen
of Analysis.
Sulfur
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published February 1990. Originally
Sulfur forms (namely, pyritic, sulfate, organic)
published as D3180 – 74. Last previous edition D3180 – 84.
2 Volatile matter
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
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D3180–89 (2002)
TABLE 1 Conversion Formula Chart
Wanted
Given
As-Determined (ad) As-Received (ar) Dry (d) Dry Ash-free (daf)
As-Determined (ad) 100 2 M 100 100
ar
100 2 M 100 2 M 100 2 M 2 A
ad ad ad ad
As-Received (ar) 100 2 M 100 100
ad
100 2 M 100 2 M 100 2 M 2 A
ar ar ar ar
Dry (d) 100 2 M 100 2 M 100
ad ar
100 100 100 2 A
d
Dry Ash-free (daf) 100 2 M 2 A 100 2 M 2 A 100 2 A
ad ad ar ar d
100 100 100
100 2 M
5.2 The symbols used in this practice:
ar
P 5 P 3 (6)
ar ad
100 2 M
ad
NOTE 1—The equations in 6.1.2 and 6.1.3 may be applied to convert
A = ash; weight %
analysis values from the analysis sample moisture-containing basis to any
M = moisture, weight %
other moisture-containing basis (such as equilibrium capacity moisture
P = any analysis parameter listed in 5.1, weight %
basis) by substituting the desired moisture value for M in the equations.
ar
(except gross calorific value is Btu/lb)
6.2 Converting from the analysis sample basis to the dry
ADL = air-dry loss, weight % of as-received sample. See
basis (Note 2):
Practice D 2013
H = hydrogen, weight % 6.2.1 Hydrogen and Oxygen:
Ox = oxygen, weight %
H 5 H 2
...
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