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ASTM G76-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets

Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of material loss by gas-entrained solid particle impingement erosion with jetnozzle type erosion equipment. This test method may be used in the laboratory to measure the solid particle erosion of different materials and has been used as a screening test for ranking solid particle erosion rates of materials in simulated service environments (1, 2). Actual erosion service involves particle sizes, velocities, attack angles, environments, and so forth, that will vary over a wide range (3-5). Hence, any single laboratory test may not be sufficient to evaluate expected service performance. This test method describes one well characterized procedure for solid particle impingement erosion measurement for which interlaboratory test results are available.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2003
ICS
77.060 - Corrosion of metals
Technical Committee
G02 - Wear and Erosion
Drafting Committee
G02.10 - Erosion by Solids and Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G76-02 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Replaced By
ASTM G76-05 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM G211-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Conducting Elevated Temperature Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004

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ASTM G76-04 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas JetsASTM G76-04 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets
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ASTM G76-04 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G 76 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement
1
Using Gas Jets
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG76;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of material 3.1 Definitions:
loss by gas-entrained solid particle impingement erosion with 3.1.1 erosion—progressive loss of original material from a
jetnozzle type erosion equipment. This test method may be solid surface due to mechanical interaction between that
used in the laboratory to measure the solid particle erosion of surfaceandafluid,amulticomponentfluid,orimpingingliquid
different materials and has been used as a screening test for or solid particles.
ranking solid particle erosion rates of materials in simulated 3.1.2 impingement—a process resulting in a continuing
2
service environments (1, 2). Actual erosion service involves succession of impacts between (liquid or solid) particles and a
particle sizes, velocities, attack angles, environments, and so solid surface.
forth, that will vary over a wide range (3-5). Hence, any single 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
laboratory test may not be sufficient to evaluate expected 3.2.1 erosion value—the volume loss of specimen material
service performance. This test method describes one well dividedbythetotalmassofabrasiveparticlesthatimpactedthe
3 −1
characterizedprocedureforsolidparticleimpingementerosion specimen (mm ·g ).
3 −1
measurement for which interlaboratory test results are avail- 3.2.2 Normalized Erosion Rate—erosion value (mm ·g )
3 −1
able. of specimen material divided by erosion value (mm ·g )of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the reference material.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This test method utilizes a repeated impact erosion
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approach involving a small nozzle delivering a stream of gas
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
containing abrasive particles which impacts the surface of a
2. Referenced Documents
test specimen. A standard set of test conditions is described.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: However, deviations from some of the standard conditions are
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, permitted if described thoroughly. This allows for laboratory
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a scale erosion measurements under a range of conditions. Test
Characteristic of a Lot or Process methodsaredescribedforpreparingthespecimens,conducting
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion the erosion exposure, and reporting the results.
2.2 American National Standard:
4 5. Significance and Use
ANSI B74.10 Grading of Abrasive Microgrits
5.1 The significance of this test method in any overall
measurements program to assess the erosion behavior of
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and
materials will depend on many factors concerning the condi-
Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.10 on Erosion by
tions of service applications. The users of this test method
Solids and Liquids.
should determine the degree of correlation of the results
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published January 2004. Originally
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as G76–02.
obtained with those from field performance or results using
2
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to references at the end of this test
other test systems and methods. This test method may be used
method.
3 to rank the erosion resistance of materials under the specified
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM conditions of testing.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G76–04
6. Apparatus shall be measured at the location to be occupied by the
specimen and under the conditions of the test.
6.1 The apparatus is capable of eroding material from a test
specimen under well controlled exposure conditions. A sche-
7. Test Materials and Sampling
matic drawing of the exit nozzle an
...

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1.1 The terms and their definitions given herein represent terminology relating to wear and erosion of solid bodies due to mechanical interactions such as occur with cavitation, impingement by liquid jets or drops or by solid particles, or relative motion against contacting solid surfaces or fluids. This scope interfaces with but generally excludes those processes where material loss is wholly or principally due to chemical action and other related technical fields as, for instance, lubrication.  
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Note 1: All terms are listed alphabetically. When a subsidiary term is defined in conjunction with the definition of a more generic term, an alphabetically-listed cross-reference is provided.  
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5.1 Erosion Environments—This test method may be used for evaluating the erosion resistance of materials for service environments where solid surfaces are subjected to repeated impacts by liquid drops or jets. Occasionally, liquid impact tests have also been used to evaluate materials exposed to a cavitating liquid environment. The test method is not intended nor applicable for evaluating or predicting the resistance of materials against erosion due to solid particle impingement, due to “impingement corrosion” in bubbly flows, due to liquids or slurries “washing” over a surface, or due to continuous high-velocity liquid jets aimed at a surface. For background on various forms of erosion and erosion tests, see Refs (1) through (2).4 Ref (3) is an excellent comprehensive treatise.  
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1.1 This test method covers tests in which solid specimens are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete impacts of liquid drops or jets. Among the collateral forms of damage considered are degradation of optical properties of window materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coatings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the resistance to erosion or other damage of the materials or coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms and the effect of test variables. Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected service environment, the specification of a standard apparatus is not deemed practicable. This test method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test and analysis procedures and reporting requirements that can be followed even with quite widely differing materials, test facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized scale of erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a tutorial on liquid impingement erosion.  
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5.1 The significance of this test method in any overall measurements program to assess the erosion behavior of materials will depend on many factors concerning the conditions of service applications. The users of this test method should determine the degree of correlation of the results obtained with those from field performance or results using other test systems and methods. This test method may be used to rank the erosion resistance of materials under the specified conditions of testing.
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5.1 This test method provides a method to distinguish between coolants that are deleterious from the corrosion standpoint and those suitable for further evaluation.
FIG. 1 Metal Specimens and Equipment for the 336 h Corrosion Test
FIG. 2 Tall Form Beaker Specimens and Equipment for the 336 h Corrosion Test
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1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the coefficient of friction (COF) and resistance of materials to adhesion under flat sliding using the twist compression test (TCT). This test method ranks material couples, surface treatments, coatings, and lubricant combinations by COF and their resistance to adhesion.  
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