Standard Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion

SCOPE
1.1 The terms and their definitions given herein represent terminology relating to wear and erosion of solid bodies due to mechanical interactions such as occur with cavitation, impingement by liquid jets or drops or by solid particles, or relative motion against contacting solid surfaces or fluids. This scope interfaces with but generally excludes those processes where material loss is wholly or principally due to chemical action and other related technical fields, as, for instance, lubrication.
1.2 This terminology is not exhaustive; the absence of any particular term from this collection does not necessarily imply that its use within this scope is discouraged. However, the terms given herein are the recommended terms for the concepts they represent unless otherwise noted.
1.3 Certain general terms and definitions may be restricted and interpreted, if necessary, to make them particularly applicable to the scope as defined herein.
1.4 The purpose of this terminology is to encourage uniformity and accuracy in the description of test methods and devices and in the reporting of test results in relation to wear and erosion.
Note 1—All terms are listed alphabetically. When a subsidiary term is defined in conjuntion with the definition of a more generic term, and alphabetically-listed cross-reference is provided.

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Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-2001
Technical Committee
Drafting Committee
Current Stage
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: G 40 – 01
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wear and Erosion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 40; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope abrasivity, n—the ability of a material or substance to cause
abrasive wear.
1.1 The terms and their definitions given herein represent
absolute impact velocity— See impact velocity.
terminology relating to wear and erosion of solid bodies due to
acceleration period, n— in cavitation and liquid impingement
mechanical interactions such as occur with cavitation, im-
erosion, the stage following the incubation period during
pingement by liquid jets or drops or by solid particles, or
which the erosion rate increases from near zero to a
relative motion against contacting solid surfaces or fluids. This
maximum value. (See also erosion rate-time pattern.)
scope interfaces with but generally excludes those processes
accumulation period, n— in cavitation and liquid impinge-
where material loss is wholly or principally due to chemical
ment erosion, a less-preferred term for acceleration period.
action and other related technical fields as, for instance,
adhesive wear, n—wear due to localized bonding between
lubrication.
contacting solid surfaces leading to material transfer be-
1.2 This terminology is not exhaustive; the absence of any
tween the two surfaces or loss from either surface.
particular term from this collection does not necessarily imply
angle of attack, n— in impingement erosion, the angle
that its use within this scope is discouraged. However, the
between the direction of motion of an impinging liquid or
terms given herein are the recommended terms for the concepts
solid particle and the tangent to the surface at the point of
they represent unless otherwise noted.
impact.
1.3 Certain general terms and definitions may be restricted
angle of incidence, n— in impingement erosion, the angle
and interpreted, if necessary, to make them particularly appli-
between the direction of motion of an impinging liquid or
cable to the scope as defined herein.
solid particle and the normal to the surface at the point of
1.4 The purpose of this terminology is to encourage unifor-
impact.
mity and accuracy in the description of test methods and
apparent area of contact, n—in tribology, the area of contact
devices and in the reporting of test results in relation to wear
between two solid surfaces defined by the boundaries of their
and erosion.
macroscopic interface. (Contrast with real area of contact.)
NOTE 1—All terms are listed alphabetically. When a subsidiary term is
asperity, n—in tribology, a protuberance in the small-scale
defined in conjunction with the definition of a more generic term, an
topographical irregularities of a solid surface.
alphabetically-listed cross-reference is provided.
attenuation period, n— in cavitation and liquid impingement
erosion, a less-preferred term for deceleration period.
2. Referenced Documents
average erosion rate, n—a less preferred term for cumulative
2.1 ASTM Standards:
erosion rate.
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
Beilby layer, n—an altered surface layer of supposedly amor-
2
Products
phous material formed on a crystalline solid during mechani-
cal polishing, whose existence was proposed in Sir George
3. Terminology
Beilby’s writings. The existence of such a layer is not
abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protu-
supported by recent research, and the use of this term is
berances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
therefore considered archaic and is strongly discouraged.
abrasion-corrosion, n—a synergistic process involving both
break-in, n—See run-in.
abrasive wear and corrosion in which each of these processes
break in, v—See run in.
is affected by the simultaneous action of the other and, in
brinelling, n—damage to a solid bearing surface characterized
many cases, is thereby accelerated.
by one or more plastically formed indentations caused by
static or impulsive overloads, especially as found in rolling
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear
contact bearings. (See also false brinelling.)
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.91 on Terminol-
brittle erosion behavior, n—erosion behavior having charac-
ogy and Definitions.
teristic properties that can be associated with brittle fracture
Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published July 2001. Originally
published as G 40 – 73. Last previous edition G 40 – 99. of the exposed surface; that is, little or no plastic flow occur
...

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