ASTM E2161-08
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Performance Validation in Thermal Analysis
Standard Terminology Relating to Performance Validation in Thermal Analysis
SCOPE
1.1 Validation of methods and apparatus is requested or required for quality initiatives or where results may be used for legal purposes.
1.2 This standard provides terminology relating to validating performance of thermal analysis methods and instrumentation. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are not included.
1.3 The terminology described in this document is that of the validation process and may differ from that traditionally encountered in ASTM standards.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2161 − 08
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Performance Validation in Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—– Includes conditions (such as accreditation), materials (such
1. Scope
as reference materials), processes (such as calibration), and the like.
1.1 Validation of methods and apparatus is requested or
certified reference material—a reference material lot, the
required for quality initiatives or where results may be used for
property(ies) of which, determined by measurement is/are
legal purposes.
certified by an identified organization and found on an
1.2 This standard provides terminology relating to validat-
accompanying certificate.
ing performance of thermal analysis methods and instrumen-
NOTE 2—Each certified value should be is accompanied by an uncer-
tation. Terms that are generally understood or defined ad-
tainty at a stated level of confidence.
equately in other readily available sources are not included.
coefficient or variation—thestandarddeviationdividedbythe
1.3 The terminology described in this document is that of
value of the parameter measured.
the validation process and may differ from that traditionally
encountered in ASTM standards.
conformance—agreement of a product, process or service
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
with specification requirements.
mation included in a Discussion.
detection limit—the minimum quantity of analyte that can be
reliably detected but not necessarily quantified.
2. Terminology
drift—the relatively slow change in baseline output due to
accuracy—the agreement between an experimentally deter-
instrument performance taken to be the maximum deviation
mined value and the accepted reference value.
DISCUSSION—Accuracy is also known as bias in ASTM practice. between any two points within a specified time period.
analyte—the specific component measured in an analysis.
figure-of-merit—a performance characteristic of a method
believed to be useful when deciding its applicability for a
baseline—the resultant analytical trace when no test specimen
specific measurement situation.
is present.
DISCUSSION—Typical figures-of-merit include accuracy, repeatability,
sensitivity, etc.
blank—the measured value obtained when a specific compo-
nent is not present during the measurement.
full-width at half- maximum (FWHM), n—the difference
between the two extreme values of a peak of the independent
bow—the maximum deviation between an actual instrument
variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of
reading and the reading predicted by a straight line drawn
its maximum value.
between upper and lower calibration points, expressed as a
percent of full scale.
linearity—the maximum deviation of output points from the
“best fit” linear curve to the data excluding proven outliers
calibration—to check, adjust, or systematically standardize
expressed as a percentage of the full-scale computed output.
the gradations of a quantitative measuring signal.
noise—the maximum amplitude, peak-to-peak, for all random
certificate—a formal document testifying to the truth of a
variations.
matter (see also certification).
noise, short term—is that with a frequency greater than six
certification—process of issuing a formal document testifying
cycles per min (equivalent to a period of 10 seconds or less).
to the truth of a matter.
DISCUSSION—ShortTerm Noise determines the smallest signal detect-
able and limits the precision attainable in quantitation of low level
1
measurements.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
noise, long term—is that with a frequency between 0.6 and
Nomenclature and Definitions.
6 cycles per min (equivalent to periods of 100 and 10 s).
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
DISCUSSION—Long Term Noise may be mistaken for the response of
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2161 – 07a. DOI:
10.1520/E2161-08. a test specimen.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2161 − 08
DISCUSSION—Detection Limit and Quantitation Limit are indicators
precision—the degree of agreement among or between re-
of sensitivity.
peated measurements of the same property.
slope—the ratio of rise (change in Y-axis) to run (change in
quantitation limit—the minimum amount that
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2161–07a Designation:E2161–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Performance Validation in Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Validation of methods and apparatus is requested or required for quality initiatives or where results may be used for legal
purposes.
1.2 This standard provides terminology relating to validating performance of thermal analysis methods and instrumentation.
Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are not included.
1.3 The terminology described in this document is that of the validation process and may differ from that traditionally
encountered in ASTM standards.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion.
2. Terminology
accuracy—the agreement between an experimentally determined value and the accepted reference value.
DISCUSSION—Accuracy is also known as bias in ASTM practice.
analyte—the specific component measured in an analysis.
baseline—the resultant analytical trace when no test specimen is present.
blank—the measured value obtained when a specific component is not present during the measurement.
bow—the maximum deviation between an actual instrument reading and the reading predicted by a straight line drawn between
upper and lower calibration points, expressed as a percent of full scale.
calibration—to check, adjust, or systematically standardize the gradations of a quantitative measuring signal.
certificate—a formal document testifying to the truth of a matter (see also certification).
certification—process of issuing a formal document testifying to the truth of a matter.
NOTE 1—– Includes conditions (such as accreditation), materials (such as reference materials), processes (such as calibration), and the like.
certified reference material—a reference material lot, the property(ies) of which, determined by measurement is/are certified by
an identified organization and found on an accompanying certificate.
NOTE 2—Each certified value should be is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level of confidence.
coefficient or variation—the standard deviation divided by the value of the parameter measured.
conformance—agreement of a product, process or service with specification requirements.
detection limit—the minimum quantity of analyte that can be reliably detected but not necessarily quantified.
drift—the relatively slow change in baseline output due to instrument performance taken to be the maximum deviation between
any two points within a specified time period.
figure-of-merit—a performance characteristic of a method believed to be useful when deciding its applicability for a specific
measurement situation.
DISCUSSION—Typical figures-of-merit include accuracy, repeatability, sensitivity, etc.
full-width at half- maximum (FWHM), n—the difference between the two extreme values of a peak of the independent variable
at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value.
linearity—the maximum deviation of output points from the “best fit” linear curve to the data excluding proven outliers expressed
as a percentage of the full-scale computed output.
noise—the maximum amplitude, peak-to-peak, for all random variations.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 onThermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on Nomenclature
and Definitions.
Current edition approved Aug.May 1, 2007.2008. Published September 2007.May 2008. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
E 2161–07a.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2161–08
noise, short term—is that with a frequency greater than six cycles per min (equivalent to a period of 10 seconds or less).
DISCUSSION—Short Term Noise determines the smallest signal detectable and limits the precision attainable in quantitation of low level
measurements.
noise, long term—is that with a frequency between 0.6 and 6 cycles per min (equivalent to periods of 100 and 10 s).
DISCUSSION—Long Term Noise may be mistaken for the response of a test speci
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.