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ASTM E1247-92(2000)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Identifying Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry

Standard Test Method for Identifying Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides spectrophotometric methods for identifying the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
1.2 This test method requires the use of a spectrophotometer in which the spectral distribution of illumination on the specimen can be altered as desired.
1.3 Within the above limitations, this test method is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2000
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.05 - Fluorescence
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1247-03 - Standard Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry (Withdrawn 2012)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM E991-21 - Standard Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM E805-22 - Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D4956-19 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5382-02(2017) - Standard Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder Coatings
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM E313-20 - Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2805-11(2023) - Standard Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000

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ASTM E1247-92(2000) - Standard Test Method for Identifying Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by SpectrophotometryASTM E1247-92(2000) - Standard Test Method for Identifying Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry
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ASTM E1247-92(2000) - Standard Test Method for Identifying Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 1247 – 92 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Identifying Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by
Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope method provides spectrophotometric procedures for identify-
ing the presence of such fluorescence.
1.1 This test method provides spectrophotometric methods
4.2 This test method is applicable to all object-color speci-
for identifying the presence of fluorescence in object-color
mens, whether opaque, translucent, or transparent, meeting the
specimens.
requirements for specimens in the appropriate standards listed
1.2 This test method requires the use of a spectrophotometer
in 2.1. Translucent specimens should be measured by reflec-
in which the spectral distribution of illumination on the
tance, with a standard nonfluorescent backing material, usually
specimen can be altered as desired.
but not necessarily black, placed behind the specimen during
1.3 Within the above limitations, this test method is general
measurement.
in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.
4.3 This test method requires the use of a spectrophotometer
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in which the spectral distribution of the illumination on the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen can be altered in one of two ways. In one, an optical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
filter is inserted between the illuminating source and the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimen, without interfering with the detection of the radia-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion from the specimen. In the other, the illuminating and
2. Referenced Documents detecting systems of the instrument are interchanged, thus
applying the so-called two-mode method.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.4 Either bidirectional or hemispherical instrument geom-
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
etry may be used in this test method, but the instrument must
E 991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent
be capable of providing polychromatic irradiation on the
Specimens
specimen.
E 1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data for
Object-Color Evaluation
5. Procedure
E 1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
5.1 Filter Method:
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
5.1.1 Calibrate the instrument as required by the manufac-
E 1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec-
turer. (See Practice E 1164 and the appropriate test method for
trophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
the instrument geometry.)
E 1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
5.1.2 Measure the specimen, obtaining either a table or a
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional Geometry
graph of spectral transmittance or reflectance factor versus
3. Terminology wavelength.
5.1.3 Insert a short-wavelength cutoff filter between the
3.1 The definitions in Terminology E 284 and Practice
illuminating source and the specimen. Select the cutoff wave-
E 991 are applicable to this test method.
length of the filter according to the color of the specimen, by
4. Significance and Use
reference to Table 1.
5.1.3.1 For spectrophotometers equipped for polychromatic
4.1 Several standards, including Practices E 991, E 1164,
illumination by means of an integrating sphere, the filter must
and Test Methods E 1331, E 1348 and E 1349, require either
be placed between the illuminating source and the illumination
the presence or absence of significant amounts of fluorescence
entrance port of the sphere for reflectance measurement. For
exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This test
transmittance measurement, the filter must be placed between
the illuminating source and the specimen.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E 12 on Color
5.1.3.2 For spectrophotometers equipped for polychromatic
and Appearance and
...

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SCOPE
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4.1 Several standards, including Practices E991, E1164, and Test Methods E1331, E1348 and E1349, require either the presence or absence of fluorescence exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This practice provides spectrophotometric procedures for identifying the presence of fluorescence in materials.  
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4.1 This practice is used by artists, designers, scientists, engineers, and government regulators, to specify an existing or desired color. It is used in the natural sciences to record the colors of specimens, or identify specimens, such as human complexion, flowers, foliage, soils, and minerals. It is used to specify colors for commerce and for control of color-production processes, when instrumental color measurement is not economical. The Munsell system is widely used for color tolerancing, even when instrumentation is employed (see Practice D3134). It is common practice to have color chips made to illustrate an aim color and the just tolerable deviations from that color in hue, value, and chroma, such a set of chips being called a Color Tolerance Set. A color tolerance set exhibits the aim color and color tolerances so that everyone involved in the selection, production, and acceptance of the color can directly perceive the intent of the specification, before bidding to supply the color or starting production. A color tolerance set may be measured to establish instrumental tolerances. Without extensive experience, it may be impossible to visualize the meaning of numbers resulting from color measurement, but by this practice, the numbers can be translated to the Munsell color-order system, which is exemplified by colored chips for visual examination. This color-order system is the basis of the ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names, as well as the Universal Color Language, which associates color names, in the English language, with Munsell notations (3).
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1.1 This practice provides a means of specifying the colors of objects in terms of the Munsell color order system, a system based on the color-perception attributes hue, lightness, and chroma. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as painted surfaces viewed in daylight by an observer having normal color vision. This practice provides a simple visual method as an alternative to the more precise and more complex method based on spectrophotometry and the CIE system (see Practices E308 and E1164). Provision is made for conversion of CIE data to Munsell notation.  
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5.1 Many competent measurement laboratories comply with accepted quality system requirements such as ISO 9001, QS 9000, or ISO 17025. When using standard test methods, the measurement results should agree with those from other similar laboratories within the combined uncertainty limits of the laboratories’ measurement systems. It is for this reason that quality system requirements demand that a statement of the uncertainty of the test results accompany every test result.  
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ASTM D2244-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

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5.1 The original CIE color scales based on tristimulus values X, Y, Z and chromaticity coordinates x, y are not uniform visually. Each subsequent color scale based on CIE values has had weighting factors applied to provide some degree of uniformity so that color differences in various regions of color space will be more nearly comparable. On the other hand, color differences obtained for the same specimens evaluated in different color-scale systems are not likely to be identical. To avoid confusion, color differences among specimens or the associated tolerances should be compared only when they are obtained for the same color-scale system. There is no simple factor that can be used to convert accurately color differences or color tolerances in one system to difference or tolerance units in another system for all colors of specimens.  
5.2 Color differences calculated in ΔE00 units (6) are highly recommended for use with color-differences in the range of 0.0 to 5.0 ΔE*ab units. This color-difference equation is appropriate for and widely used in industrial and commercial applications including, but not limited to, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and textiles.  
5.3 Users of color tolerance equations have found that, in each system, summation of three, vector color-difference components into a single scalar value is very useful for determining whether a specimen color is within a specified tolerance from a standard. However, for control of color in production, it may be necessary to know not only the magnitude of the departure from standard but also the direction of this departure. It is possible to include information on the direction of a small color difference by listing the three instrumentally determined components of the color difference.  
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1.1 This practice covers the calculation, from instrumentally measured color coordinates based on daylight illumination, of color tolerances and small color differences between opaque specimens such as painted panels, plastic plaques, or textile swatches. Where it is suspected that the specimens may be metameric, that is, possess different spectral curves though visually alike in color, Practice D4086 should be used to verify instrumental results. The tolerances and differences determined by these procedures are expressed in terms of approximately uniform visual color perception in CIE 1976 CIELAB opponent-color space (1),2 CMC tolerance units (2), CIE94 tolerance units (3), the DIN99o color difference formula given in DIN 6176  (4), or the CIEDE2000 color difference units (5).  
1.2 For product specification, the purchaser and the seller shall agree upon the permissible color tolerance between test specimen and reference and the procedure for calculating the color tolerance. Each material and condition of use may require specific color tolerances because other appearance factors, (for example, specimen proximity, gloss, and texture), may affect the correlation between the magnitude of a measured color difference and its commercial acceptability.  
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5.1 The color displayed on a VDU is an important aspect of the reproduction of colored images. The VDU is often used as the design, edit, and approval medium. Images are placed into the computer by some sort of capture device, such as a camera or scanner, modified by the computer operator, and sent on to a printer or color separation generator, or even to a paint dispenser or textile dyer. The color of the final product is to have some well-defined relationship to the original. The most common medium for establishing the relationship between input, edit, and output color (device-independent color space) is the CIE tristimulus space. This guide identifies the procedures for deriving a model that relates the digital computer settings of a VDU to the CIE tristimulus values of the colored light emitted by the primaries.
SCOPE
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