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ASTM E487-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials

Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a useful adjunct to dynamic thermal tests that are performed under conditions in which the sample temperature is increased continuously at a programmed rate. Results obtained under dynamic test conditions present difficulties in determining the temperature at which an exotherm initiates because onset temperature is dependent on heating rate. The test method described in the present standard attempts to determine the onset temperature under isothermal conditions where the heating rate is zero.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the assessment of constant-temperature stability of chemical materials that undergo exothermic reactions. The techniques and apparatus described may be used on solids, liquids, or slurries of chemical substances.
1.2 When a series of materials is tested by this method, the results permit ordering the materials relative to each other with respect to their thermal stability.
1.3 Limitations of Test
1.3.1 This test method is limited to ambient temperatures and above.
1.3.2 This test method determines neither a safe storage temperature nor a safe processing temperature. Note 1A safe storage or processing temperature requires that any heat produced by a reaction be removed as fast as generated and that proper consideration be given to hazards associated with reaction products.
1.3.3 When this test method is used to order the relative thermal stability of materials, the tests must be run under the same confinement condition (see ).
1.4 SI units are the standard.
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
07.030 - Physics. Chemistry
Technical Committee
E27 - Hazard Potential of Chemicals
Drafting Committee
E27.02 - Thermal Stability and Condensed Phases
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E487-99 - Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Replaced By
ASTM E487-09 - Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Referred By
ASTM E1860-23 - Standard Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2046-19 - Standard Test Method for Reaction Induction Time by Thermal Analysis
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1981-22 - Standard Guide for Assessing Thermal Stability of Materials by Methods of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1445-08(2015) - Standard Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2550-21 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM E487-04 - Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical MaterialsASTM E487-04 - Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
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ASTM E487-04 - Standard Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E487 – 04
Standard Test Method for
1
Constant-Temperature Stability Of Chemical Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method describes the assessment of constant- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature stability of chemical materials that undergo exo- E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
thermicreactions.Thetechniquesandapparatusdescribedmay ology
be used on solids, liquids, or slurries of chemical substances. E537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability Of Chemicals
1.2 When a series of materials is tested by this method, the By Differential Scanning Calorimetry
results permit ordering the materials relative to each other with E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
respect to their thermal stability. tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
1.3 Limitations of Test: lyzers
1.3.1 This test method is limited to ambient temperatures E968 Practice for Heat Flow Calibration of Differential
and above. Scanning Calorimeters
1.3.2 This test method determines neither a safe storage E1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemi-
temperature nor a safe processing temperature. cals
E1860 Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Ther-
NOTE 1—A safe storage or processing temperature requires that any
mal Analyzers
heat produced by a reaction be removed as fast as generated and that
proper consideration be given to hazards associated with reaction prod-
3. Terminology
ucts.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3.3 When this test method is used to order the relative
3.2 constant-temperature stability (CTS) value—the maxi-
thermal stability of materials, the tests must be run under the
mum temperature at which a chemical compound or mixture
same confinement condition (see 8.3).
may be held for a 2–h period under the conditions imposed in
1.4 SI units are the standard.
this test without exhibiting a measurable exothermic reaction.
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe
3.3 The specialized terms in this standard are described in
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
Terminologies E473 and E1445E1445.
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or
4. Summary of Test Method
fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
4.1 A sample of the chemical compound or mixture is
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
placed in a glass or metal tube that is heated to a test
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
temperature of interest. The sample temperature and heat flow
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
or the difference between the sample temperature and the
hazard of a particular end use.
temperature of an inert reference material, are monitored over
1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
a 2-h period or until an exothermic reaction is recorded. Test
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
temperatures are decreased in 10 °C intervals until no exother-
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is
mic reaction is observed in the 2-h test period. The Constant
the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
Temperature Stability is determined and reported using either
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
Method A or Method B.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—Test periods other than two 2 h may be used but shall be
reported
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27on Hazard
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of E27.02 on Thermal
2
Stability and Condensed Phases. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E487 - 99. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0487-04. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E487 – 04
NOTE 3—The processing times in many industrial scale unit operations
6.3 A Balance with a capacity of 100 mg or more to weigh
(
...

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1.1 This test method describes the ascertainment of the presence of enthalpic changes in a test specimen, using minimum quantities of material, approximates the temperature at which these enthalpic changes occur and determines their enthalpies (heats) using differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry.  
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1.3 This test method may be performed in an inert or a reactive atmosphere with an absolute pressure range from 100 Pa through 7 MPa and over a temperature range from 300 K to 800 K (27 °C to 527 °C).  
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5.1 These test methods are useful adjunct to dynamic thermal tests that are performed under conditions in which the sample temperature is increased continuously at a programmed rate. Results obtained under dynamic test conditions present difficulties in determining the temperature at which an exotherm initiates because onset temperature is dependent on heating rate. These test methods describe in the present standard attempts to determine the onset temperature under isothermal conditions where the heating rate is zero.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in their recommended regulations place materials having a flash point below 23 °C (73.5 °F) in Packing Group II. However, if viscous substances such as paint and related coatings, adhesives, polishes, etc., meet certain requirements, they can be placed in Group III along with materials having a flash point between 23 °C and 60.5 °C (73.5 °F and 140 °F). One of the requirements is that less than 3 % of clear liquid separates from the bulk of the material when subjected to this test method.  
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5.1 This guide is intended to help testing laboratories and the developers of methods and software for those laboratories to apply the concepts of measurement uncertainty to radiochemical analyses.  
5.2 The result of a laboratory measurement never exactly equals the true value of the measurand. The difference between the two is called the error of the measurement. An estimate of the possible magnitude of this error is called the uncertainty of the measurement. While the error is primarily a theoretical concept, since its value is never known, the uncertainty has practical uses. Together, the measured value and its uncertainty allow one to place bounds on the likely true value of the measurand.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are useful adjunct to dynamic thermal tests that are performed under conditions in which the sample temperature is increased continuously at a programmed rate. Results obtained under dynamic test conditions present difficulties in determining the temperature at which an exotherm initiates because onset temperature is dependent on heating rate. These test methods describe in the present standard attempts to determine the onset temperature under isothermal conditions where the heating rate is zero.
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1.2 When a series of materials is tested by these test methods, the results permit ordering the materials relative to each other with respect to their thermal stability.  
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1.3.2 These test methods determine neither a safe storage temperature nor a safe processing temperature.  
Note 1: A safe storage or processing temperature requires that any heat produced by a reaction be removed as fast as generated and that proper consideration be given to hazards associated with reaction products.  
1.3.3 When these test methods are used to order the relative thermal stability of materials, the tests must be run under the same confinement condition (see 8.3).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in detecting potentially hazardous reactions including those from volatile chemicals and in estimating the temperatures at which these reactions occur and their enthalpies (heats). This test method is recommended as an early test for detecting the thermal hazards of an uncharacterized chemical substance or mixture (see Section 8).  
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