ASTM E473-14
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five years.
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Designation: E473 − 14
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history
experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms
analysis experiment.
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
DISCUSSION—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
thermal analysis and rheology. isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmo-
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
sphere (or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external
form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoana-
action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for
time) during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal controlled-temperature program.
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
dielectric analysis (DEA), n—a technique in which the dielec-
thermalmagnetometry.
tric constant (permittivity or capacitance) and dielectric loss
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
(conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field
mation included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five
are measured as a function of temperature or time while the
years.
substance is subjected to a controlled-temperature program
in a specified atmosphere.
2. Terminology
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
adiabatic, adj—no heat exchange with the surroundings.
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of ab-
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
sorbed or evolved heat.
measurable quantities usually between a substance and some
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
reference or standard material.
different samples at the same time.
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) , n—a technique in
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA ), n—a family of which the heat flow difference into a substance and a
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
reference material is measured as a function of temperature
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
property of a substance.
controlled-temperature program.
DISCUSSION—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, DISCUSSION—The record is the differential scanning calorimetric or
where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can DSC curve. Two modes, power compensation differential scanning
become limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more
calorimetry, and heat flux differential scanning calorimetry can be
likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This
distinguished, depending on the method of measurement used.
technique can also improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For
DISCUSSION—Two conventions exist in thermal analysis. In the
example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is
physicist’s convention, exothermic behavior increases downward on
controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or gain).
the thermal curve. In the chemist’s convention, exothermic behavior
increases upward on the thermal curve. Committee E37 takes no
1 position on which convention shall be used. To aid the user, the
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
direction of exothermic (or conversely, endothermic) behavior shall be
Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E473 − 11a E473 − 14
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is
not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical
or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This
terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a
prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion area. It is reviewed every five years.
2. Terminology
adiabatic, adj—no heat exchange with the surroundings.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of absorbed or evolved heat.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time.
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA ), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile needed to
maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved June 15, 2011Aug. 15, 2014. Published June 2011September 2014. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
E473 – 11.E473 – 11a. DOI: 10.1520/E0473-11A.10.1520/E0473-14.
DISCUSSION—
Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by heat or
mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the resolution
of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or gain).
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
DISCUSSION—
In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for controlled-temperature
experiments. The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal segments in which
time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around the sample is
changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment, that too
becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
dielectric analysis (DEA), n—a technique in which the dielectric constant (permittivity or capacitance) and dielectric loss
(conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field are measured as a function of temperature or time while the
substance is subjected to a controlled-temperature program in a specified atmosphere.
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E473 − 14
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathematical) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or measurable quantities usually between a substance and some reference
or standard material.
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) , n—a technique in which the heat flow difference into a substance and a reference
material is measured as a function of temperature while the substance and reference material are
...
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