ASTM E473-09

Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of the last review or revision is appended.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2009
• ICS: 01.040.17 - Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.03 - Nomenclature and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E473-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM E473-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E2785-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Exposure of Firestop Materials to Severe Environmental Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2958-21 - Standard Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2918-23 - Standard Test Method for Performance Validation of Thermomechanical Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E928-19 - Standard Test Method for Purity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2402-19 - Standard Test Method for Mass Loss, Residue, and Temperature Measurement Validation of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E3007-21 - Standard Practice for Selection and Use of Kinetic Reference Values in the Study of Decomposition Reactions by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E1269-11(2018) - Standard Test Method for Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2769-22 - Standard Test Method for Elastic Modulus by Thermomechanical Analysis Using Three-Point Bending and Controlled Rate of Loading
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2425-21 - Standard Test Method for Loss Modulus Conformance of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2009-23 - Standard Test Methods for Oxidation Onset Temperature of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2105-00(2016) - Standard Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Coupled With Infrared Analysis (TGA/IR)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2043-99(2021) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter of Agricultural Adjuvant Solutions by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E1582-21 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:E473–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
1.1 Thisterminologyisacompilationofdefinitionsofterms
controlled-rate thermal analysis, (CRTA), n—a family of
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
thermal analysis and rheology.
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become
limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to
form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoana-
involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for
improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal
rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
of mass loss (or gain).
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
controlled-temperature program,n—the temperature history
form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
thermalmagnetometry.
analysis experiment.
1.3 Definitionsthataresimilartothosepublishedbyanother
standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating or
cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
(or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external action
(depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time)
2. Referenced Documents
during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
controlled-temperature program.
E1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemi-
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against
cals
an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
3. Terminology (ICTAC) (1999)
dielectric thermal analysis, (DETA or DEA), n—a technique
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or capacitance)
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of ab-
and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under
sorbed or evolved heat.
oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
temperature or time while the substance is subjected to a
controlled-temperature program in a specified atmosphere.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on (ICTAC) (1999)
ThermalMeasurementsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE37.03on
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
Nomenclature and Definitions.
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E473 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/E0473-09.
measurable quantities usually between a substance and some
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
reference or standard material.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—A technique in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. which the h
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E473–08 Designation:E473–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for whichASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is
not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical
or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This
terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a
prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name
of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4 Adefinition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
3. Terminology
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of absorbed or evolved heat.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
controlled-rate thermal analysis, (CRTA ), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile needed
to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by
heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the
resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or
gain).
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments.The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal
segments in which time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around
the sample is changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment,
that too becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time. (ICTAC)
(1999)
dielectric thermal analysis, (DETA or DEA), n—a technique in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or capacitance) and
dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field are measured as a function of temperature or time
while the substance is subjected to a controlled-temperature program in a specified atmosphere. (ICTAC) (1999)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved Sept.Aug. 1, 2008.2009. Published October 2008.September 2009. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20072008
as E473–07b.E 473 – 08.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Co
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