ASTM B594-09
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products for Aerospace Applications
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products for Aerospace Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A number of factors such as the condition of the entry and back surfaces of the inspected part, the inclination of the ultrasonic beam with respect to the entry surface, and variations in the performance characteristics of the test system may cause significant differences in amplitudes of discontinuity indications and back reflections. These factors can seriously impair the reliability and the quantitative value of the ultrasonic test outlined in this practice.
Accurate evaluations of discontinuity size are also significantly affected by variations in search unit characteristics and by irregularities in discontinuity surfaces which can influence reflectivity. For these reasons, the discontinuity sizes that may be implied by the ultrasonic comparisons outlined in this practice must be regarded as “apparent” or “estimated” in recognition of the limited quantitative value of the measurement.
Because numerous interacting variables in a test system can adversely influence the results of an ultrasonic inspection, the actual quantitative effects of detected discontinuities upon the mechanical properties of the inspected product are difficult to establish. Although this practice provides a reliable control of product quality during manufacture, it is not applicable as an exclusive indicator of the ultimate quality and performance of components fabricated from the inspected products covered by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection and includes criteria used to define applicable quality levels of aluminum-alloy wrought products for aerospace applications when performance of the ultrasonic test by the producer is specified, or when ultrasonic inspection is performed by the purchaser upon receipt.
1.2 This practice is not applicable if plastic deformation is introduced into the material after delivery.
1.3 The ultrasonic test described in this practice is employed to detect internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to, or nearly parallel to, the surface of the product. The test is performed either by the immersion method or the contact method using pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal or a combination of electrically interconnected multiple crystals. Ultrasonic tests employing either the through-transmission or the angle-beam techniques are not included.
Note 1—Ultrasonic tests employing angle-beam techniques require special reference blocks, search units, and scanning procedures and are subject to negotiation between the purchaser and the seller when such tests are required by the contract or purchase order.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B594 − 09
StandardPractice for
Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
1
for Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for pulse-echo
of material purchase form a part of this practice to the extent
ultrasonic inspection and includes criteria used to define
referenced herein:
applicable quality levels of aluminum-alloy wrought products
2
for aerospace applications when performance of the ultrasonic
2.2 ASTM Standards:
test by the producer is specified, or when ultrasonic inspection B881 Terminology Relating toAluminum- and Magnesium-
is performed by the purchaser upon receipt. Alloy Products
E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam
1.2 This practice is not applicable if plastic deformation is
Contact Testing
introduced into the material after delivery.
E127 Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Al-
loy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
1.3 Theultrasonictestdescribedinthispracticeisemployed
E214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the Re-
to detect internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel
flection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves (With-
to, or nearly parallel to, the surface of the product. The test is
3
drawn 2007)
performed either by the immersion method or the contact
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
method using pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
or a combination of electrically interconnected multiple crys-
2.3 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Standard:
tals.Ultrasonictestsemployingeitherthethrough-transmission
ASNT Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing
or the angle-beam techniques are not included.
Personnel Qualification and Certification—Ultrasonic
4
NOTE 1—Ultrasonic tests employing angle-beam techniques require
Testing Method, SNT-TC-1A
special reference blocks, search units, and scanning procedures and are
2.4 National Aerospace Standard:
subjecttonegotiationbetweenthepurchaserandthesellerwhensuchtests
5
NAS-410 Certification of Inspection Personnel
are required by the contract or purchase order.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
asthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathemati-
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology B881 for definitions
cal conversions to SI units which are provided for information
of product terms used in this practice.
only and are not considered standard.
4. Summary of Practice
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The product is inspected ultrasonically by scanning
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified entry surfaces with a beam of pulsed longitudinal
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on www.astm.org.
4
Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
5
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B594 – 06. DOI: Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
10.1520/B0594-09. WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B594 − 09
waves oriented in a direction perpendicul
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B594–06 Designation: B594 – 09
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products
1
for Aerospace Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection and includes criteria used to define applicable
quality levels of aluminum-alloy wrought products for aerospace applications when performance of the ultrasonic test by the
producer is specified, or when ultrasonic inspection is performed by the purchaser upon receipt.
1.2 This practice is not applicable if plastic deformation is introduced into the material after delivery.
1.3 The ultrasonic test described in this practice is employed to detect internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to,
or nearly parallel to, the surface of the product. The test is performed either by the immersion method or the contact method using
pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal or a combination
of electrically interconnected multiple crystals. Ultrasonic tests employing either the through-transmission or the angle-beam
techniques are not included.
NOTE 1—Ultrasonic tests employing angle-beam techniques require special reference blocks, search units, and scanning procedures and are subject to
negotiation between the purchaser and the seller when such tests are required by the contract or purchase order.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date of material purchase form a part of this practice to the extent
referenced herein:
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Examination by the Contact Method
E127 Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
E214 Practice for Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the Reflection Method Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without
the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
2.3 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Standard:
ASNT Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification—Ultrasonic Testing
3
Method, SNT-TC-1A
2.4 National Aerospace Standard:
4
NAS-410 Certification of Inspection Personnel
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals andAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 onAluminumAlloy
Wrought Products.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2006.2009. Published December 2006.January 2010. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20022006 as
B594 – 026. DOI: 10.1520/B0594-069.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B594 – 09
3. Terminology
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