ASTM F3023-18

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and Upper and Total Body Ergometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of stationary exercise bicycles and ergometers assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with Specifications F1250 and F3021 is intended to ensure appropriate performance and reliability of said equipment and reduce the risk of serious injury from design deficiencies.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and equipment used for testing and evaluating stationary exercise upright and recumbent bicycles and ergometers for compliance to Specification F1250. Both design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced. In the case of a conflict between this document and Specification F1250, Specification F1250 takes precedence.  
1.2 Requirements—Stationary exercise bicycles and ergometers are to be tested for the parameters specified in Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 and the following parameters unique to this equipment:  
1.2.1 Seat post construction and loading,  
1.2.2 Handlebar construction and loading,  
1.2.3 Pedal construction and loading,  
1.2.4 Crank arm and enclosure entrapment,  
1.2.5 Seat back support loading,  
1.2.6 Stability,  
1.2.7 Direct Drive Exercise Bicycle Pedal Endurance,  
1.2.8 Warnings, and  
1.2.9 Documentation.  
1.3 This test method2 contains additional requirements to address the accessibility of the equipment for persons with disabilities.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2018
• ICS: 97.220.30 - Indoor sports equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.30 - Fitness Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F3023-13 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and Upper Body Ergometers
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Refers: ASTM F3021-23 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM F1749-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM F2277-17a - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM F2277-17 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment
• Effective Date: 15-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM F3021-17 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM F3021-16 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2016
• Refers: ASTM F3022-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2016
• Refers: ASTM F3022-16 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2016
• Refers: ASTM F3022-15 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM F3021-15 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM F1749-15 - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM F3022-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2014
• Refers: ASTM F3021-14 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2014
• Refers: ASTM F1250-13 - Standard Specification for Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and Upper Body Ergometers
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013

Overview

ASTM F3023-18 sets out standardized test methods for evaluating the design and performance characteristics of stationary upright and recumbent exercise bicycles, as well as upper and total body ergometers. This standard ensures that manufacturers and testing laboratories assess stationary fitness equipment for performance, reliability, safety, and durability in accordance with established guidelines. The standard is intended to be used in conjunction with ASTM F1250 and ASTM F3021, helping to reduce the risk of injury caused by design deficiencies.

The standard covers both design parameters (such as construction features and accessibility) and operational aspects (such as static and endurance performance). By following these test methods, equipment manufacturers, fitness facilities, and regulatory bodies can promote user safety and quality assurance for exercise bikes and ergometers.

Key Topics

ASTM F3023-18 outlines a comprehensive approach for evaluating stationary exercise bicycles and ergometers, focusing on:

• Seat Post Construction and Loading
  Procedures to verify structural integrity and retention mechanisms under standard loading conditions.
• Handlebar Construction and Loading
  Tests for both horizontal and vertical load resistance to ensure handlebars can withstand user forces.
• Pedal Construction and Loading
  Evaluation of pedal design, slip resistance, and load capacity to prevent failure or user injury.
• Crank Arm and Enclosure Entrapment
  Tests to identify and reduce entrapment risks at moving parts and enclosures.
• Seat Back Support Loading
  Structural testing to confirm resilience and safety under typical use.
• Stability
  Methods for assessing the device's resistance to tipping under load in its least-stable configuration.
• Direct Drive Pedal Endurance
  Cyclic loading tests to evaluate durability and performance of pedals and cranks over extended use.
• Warnings and Documentation
  Requirements for labeling and user information to support safe and correct operation.
• Accessibility
  Ensuring inclusive design for users with disabilities, including accessible adjustments and space allowances.

Applications

The ASTM F3023-18 standard is highly relevant to multiple stakeholders in the fitness industry:

• Manufacturers
  Use these test methods during product development and quality assurance to meet industry benchmarks and regulatory requirements.
• Independent Testing Labs
  Rely on the detailed procedures to provide objective certification and validation reports for stationary exercise bicycles and ergometers.
• Fitness Facilities
  Reference the standard when selecting and maintaining equipment to ensure long-term safety and reliability for end users.
• Regulatory Agencies
  Employ the standard as part of compliance assessments and safety certifications within the fitness equipment sector.
• Accessibility Advocates
  Benefit from the inclusion of criteria addressing the usability of fitness equipment by persons with disabilities.

Implementing ASTM F3023-18 improves product safety, enhances consumer confidence, and supports continued innovation in fitness equipment design.

Related Standards

Several other important standards are referenced in or work alongside ASTM F3023-18 for stationary exercise equipment compliance:

• ASTM F1250 - Specification for Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and Upper and Total Body Ergometers
• ASTM F2276 - Specification for Fitness Equipment
• ASTM F2571 - Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
• ASTM F3021 - Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• ASTM F3022 - Methods for Evaluating Universal Design of Fitness Equipment
• ASTM F1749 - Specification for Fitness Equipment and Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• EN 957-1 - European Standard on Stationary Training Equipment - General Safety Requirements and Test Methods

By applying the test methods from ASTM F3023-18 in conjunction with these related standards, industry professionals ensure holistic compliance, promote safety, and meet global market expectations for stationary exercise equipment.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3023 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of
Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and
Upper and Total Body Ergometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation of
stationary upright and recumbent exercise bicycles and ergometers.
The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily prevent
injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving stationary this equipment involves the risk
of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or is not properly maintained. In addition,
users with physical limitations should seek medical advice and instruction from the fitness facility
prior to using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons
fromusingthisequipmentasintendedbythemanufacturer,andusingthisequipmentmayincreasethe
risk of injury.
1. Scope 1.3 This test method contains additional requirements to
address the accessibility of the equipment for persons with
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and equipment
disabilities.
used for testing and evaluating stationary exercise upright and
recumbent bicycles and ergometers for compliance to Specifi- 1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
cation F1250. Both design and operational parameters will be as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test meth- conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
ods from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced. tion only and are not considered standard.
In the case of a conflict between this document and Specifica-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion F1250, Specification F1250 takes precedence.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 Requirements—Stationary exercise bicycles and ergom-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
eters are to be tested for the parameters specified in Specifi-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cation F2276 and Test Methods F2571 and the following
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
parameters unique to this equipment:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2.1 Seat post construction and loading,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2.2 Handlebar construction and loading,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2.3 Pedal construction and loading,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2.4 Crank arm and enclosure entrapment,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2.5 Seat back support loading,
1.2.6 Stability,
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.7 Direct Drive Exercise Bicycle Pedal Endurance,
1.2.8 Warnings, and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.9 Documentation.
This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on CenteronRecTechthroughtheNationalInstituteonDisability,IndependentLiving,
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility and Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.
of Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F3023–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F3023-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3023 − 18
F1250Specification for Stationary Upright and Recumbent 6.2.3 Procedure—Thefollowingstepsshouldbefollowedto
Exercise Bicycles and Upper and Total Body Ergometers test the specifications for the seat post.
F1749Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-
6.2.3.1 Insertion Depth—If the seat post is adjustable and
cility Safety Signage and Labels removable, remove the seat post from the machine. Measure
F2276Specification for Fitness Equipment
the largest cross-sectional dimension of the seat post. Multiply
F2277TestMethodsforEvaluatingDesignandPerformance this number by 1.5. Inspect the seat post and verify that there
Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment
is a mark on the seat post indicating the minimum insertion
F2571TestMethodsforEvaluatingDesignandPerformance depth at the dimension calculated above. Verify that the mark
Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
defined above is even with the top of or below the top of the
F3021Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equip- seat adjustment sleeve tube when the seat is adjusted into its
ment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limi- uppermostposition.Iftheminimuminsertiondepthisprovided
tations and Impairments by design, verify that the design is such that the seat post
F3022Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of cannot be removed from the machine without the use of tools
Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with or that the seat post cannot be removed without the retention
Functional Limitations and Impairments means seating and attaining the minimum insertion depth.
6.2.3.2 Verify that the seat post is adjustable and that the
3. Terminology
seat post is retained in any of its adjustment positions by a
clamp, pin, or similar means.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions applicable to this standard,
6.2.3.3 Verify that there is a seat support plate or structure
see Specifications F1250 and F3021.
presentbetweentheundersideoftheseatandthetopendofthe
4. Significance and Use
seat post.
6.2.3.4 Refer to Test Methods F2571 Subsection 7.11.1 and
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide reliable
follow the procedure for intrinsic load testing of the seat.
and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of stationary
6.2.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The seat post shall conform to
exercise bicycles and ergometers assembled and maintained
dimensional and component requirements of Subsection 5.1 of
according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Use of these
Specification F1250, as well as the loading requirements of
test methods in conjunction with Specifications F1250 and
Specifications F1250 and F2276. If the above criteria are not
F3021 is intended to ensure appropriate performance and
met the sample shall fail the test.
reliability of said equipment and reduce the risk of serious
6.2.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
injury from design deficiencies.
abouteithertheprecisionorbiasofthistestsincethetestresult
5. Sample Preparations is non-quantitative.
6.2.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not
5.1 Assemble and adjust the machine on a horizontal
been determined.
surface according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For ma-
6.2.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quanti-
chines that are fully assembled, verify according to the
tative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices,
manufacturer’sinstructionsthatallcomponentsarefunctioning
the calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the
and that they have been adjusted and aligned properly. Unless
operators.Atthistime,thestatementsonbiasshouldbelimited
otherwise stated, the machine must pass the following tests
to documented performance of particular laboratories.
withoutadjustmentfromthisinitialcondition.Applypowerto,
if required, or use the machine and verify that the unit
6.3 Seat Deflection or Tilt—The purpose of this test is to
functions properly.
evaluate the tilt requirements of the seat assembly.
6.3.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
5.2 The individual test methods will describe any variations
describedinSection5withtheseatadjustedintoitsuppermost
or modifications to the test sample that are required.
adjustment position. Possible methods of providing the force
5.3 Unless noted, the machine shall function as intended by
for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylin-
the manufacturer after the completion of each test.
der(s) or dead weights. If necessary, the machine may be
restrained from movement provided the restraint does not aid
6. Test Methods and Procedures
the structure or otherwise interfere in the test. Clamp a load
6.1 In addition to the tests specified inTest Methods F2571,
receiving plate 50 by 50 mm (1.97 by 1.97 in.) flush with the
stationary exercise bicycles and ergometers shall be evaluated
front(andthentherear)oftheseatinsuchawaythatavertical
with the following test methods and procedures. These test
load can be applied to the seat in an upward vertical direction
methods align with the design and construction requirements
and then a downward vertical direction. Zero and measure the
specified in Specification F1250 (Section 5).
angle of the loading plate as referenced to the floor.
6.3.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is
6.2 Seat Post—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the
construction and retention of the seat post. calibrated and is accurate to within 62% of applied load.
Verify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and
6.2.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
described in Section 5. has a resolution of ⁄2 ° or less.
6.2.2 Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is 6.3.3 Procedure—Apply an upward vertical load to the
properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.). loading plate. Maintain the load for 5 min then remove.
F3023 − 18
Re-measure the angle of the loading plate with respect to the
floor. Repeat the test with a downward load applied to the
loading plate. Repeat both tests but apply the vertical loading
in both the upward and downward directions to the rear of the
seat.
6.3.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The seat deflection or tilt evalua-
tion shall conform to the tilt requirements of Subsection 5.2 of
Specification F1250. If the seat tilt exceeds the criteria for any
of the above tests, the sample shall fail the test.
6.3.5 Precision and Bias:
6.3.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not
been determined.
6.3.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quanti-
tative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices,
the calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the
operators.Atthistime,thestatementsonbiasshouldbelimited
to documented performance of particular laboratories.
6.4 Seat Back Support—The purpose of this test is to
evaluatethestaticstructuralintegrityoftheseatbacksupports.
6.4.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
described in Section 5. Supply a means of providing a steady
FIG. 1 Seat Back Support Test
state load to the back support. Possible methods of providing
the load for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic
cylinder(s) or dead weights. Load is to be applied on a 300 by
stem. Multiply this number by 1.5. Inspect the handlebar stem
300 mm (11.8 by 11.8 in.) square area with its center located
and verify the presence of a mark on the handlebar stem
500 mm (19.7 in.) above the seating surface or 50 mm (1.98
indicating the minimum insertion depth. Verify that this mark
in.)belowtheupperedgeoftheseatbackiftheseatislessthan
is at least at the dimension calculated above, from the end of
560 mm (22 in.) tall. Determine and record the vertical
the handlebar stem.Verify that the mark defined above is even
dimension, h, to the point of application of the load.
with or below the top of the handlebar adjustment sleeve tube
6.4.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is
when the handlebar assembly is adjusted into its uppermost
calibrated and is accurate to within 62% of the applied load.
position.Iftheminimuminsertiondepthisprovidedbydesign,
6.4.3 Procedure—The test load requirements are specified
verifythatthedesignissuchthatthehandlebarstemcannotbe
in Subsection 5.3 of Specification F1250. With the back
removed from the machine without the use of tools.
support set up as described above, apply the load horizontally
6.5.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—Thedimensionsthatpertaintothe
to the center point of the plate and maintain it for 5 min (see
handlebarsteminsertionshallconformtodimensionalrequire-
Fig. 1).
ments of Subsection 5.4 of Specification F1250. If the above
6.4.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The seat back shall conform to
criteria are not met the sample shall fail the test.
the load requirements of Subsection 5.3 of Specification
6.5.5 Precision and Bias:
F1250. The seat back support and supporting structures shall
6.5.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not
not break and shall function as intended by the manufacturer.
been determined.
6.4.5 Precision and Bias:
6.5.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quanti-
6.4.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not tative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices,
been determined.
the calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the
6.4.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quanti- operators.Atthistime,thestatementsonbiasshouldbelimited
tative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices,
to documented performance of particular laboratories.
the calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the
6.6 Handlebar Static Loading—Thepurposeofthistestisto
operators.Atthistime,thestatementsonbiasshouldbelimited
evaluate the static structural integrity of the handlebars as set
to documented performance of particular laboratories.
forth in Subsection 5.5 of Specification F1250 and in Specifi-
6.5 Handlebar Stem Insertion—Thepurposeofthistestisto
cation F2276.
verify the existence of a mark on the handlebar post indicating 6.6.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
the minimum insertion depth.
described in Section 5 with the handlebars adjusted into their
6.5.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as uppermost adjustment position. Possible methods of providing
described in Section 5.
the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic
6.5.2 Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is cylinder(s) or dead weights. If necessary, the machine may be
properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).
restrainedfrommovementaslongasthatrestraintdoesnotaid
6.5.3 Procedure—If the handlebar stem is adjustable and the structure of the structure being tested. Clamp a 150 mm
removable, remove the handlebar stem from the machine. (5.9 in.) long reference bar to the handlebar to be used for
Measurethelargestcross-sectionaldimensionofthehandlebar measurements from the handlebar to a fixed reference, such as
F3023 − 18
thefloororawallforthehorizontalaxisandverticalaxistests, the calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the
respectively. Note, the position and orientation of the of the operators.Atthistime,thestatementsonbiasshouldbelimited
clamped reference bar may need to be moved or repositioned to documented performance of particular laboratories.
dependingonthereferenceplaneusedforthespecifictest,that
6.7 Pedals—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the pedal
is, a horizontal or vertical reference plane.
construction.
6.6.2 Calibration—Verify the torque application system is
6.7.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
calibratedandisaccuratetowithin 65%ofappliedtorqueand
described in Section 5.
the force load application system is calibrated and is accurate
6.7.2 Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is
to within 62% of the applied load. Verify that the measure-
properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).
mentdeviceisproperlycalibratedandhasaresolutionof1mm
6.7.3 Procedure—Thefollowingstepsshouldbefollowedto
(0.04 in.).
test the specifications for pedals.
6.6.3 Procedure—Thefollowingstepsshouldbefollowedto
6.7.3.1 Inspecteachpedalandverifythatthepedalscontain
test the specifications for handlebar static loading.
a mark indicating right and left as referenced from the user
6.6.3.1 Horizontal Axis Torque Evaluation—The referenced
position.
horizontalaxisislongitudinaltothebodyofthebicycle,thatis,
6.7.3.2 Verifythatthereisaslipresistantgrippingsurfaceor
along the apparent direction of travel of the bicycle. Measure
structure (such as ribs or teeth) on the surface of the pedal
and record the distance from the clamped reference bar to the
contacted by the user during use.
floor. To confirm the horizontal torque integrity of the
6.7.3.3 Position the foot pedal into its lowest travel position
handlebars, apply the torque as defined in Subsection 5.5.1 of
relativetothefloor.Measurethegapbetweenthepedalandthe
Specification F1250 about the horizontal axis of the handlebar.
floor.
Maintaintheloadfor5min,andthenremove.Re-measureand
6.7.3.4 ReferTestMethodsF2571Subsection7.11.1fortest
record the height from the reference bar to the floor. Note: the
procedures for the pedals. The load shall be applied vertically
torque can be applied by applying an equivalent vertical load
at the midpoint of the pedal.
downward on one of the handlebar ends at an appropriately
6.7.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—Thepedaldesignshallconformto
calculated distance.
marking, dimensional and textural requirements of Subsection
6.6.3.2 Vertical Axis Torque Evaluation—Measure and re-
5.6 of Specification F1250. Upon completion of the loading
cord the distance from the clamped reference bar to a vertical
test the pedal assembly shall not break and shall function as
reference surface such as a wall.To confirm the vertical torque
intended by the manufacturer.
integrity of the handlebars, apply the torque as defined in
6.7.5 Precision and Bias:
Subsection 5.5.2 of Specification F1250 about the vertical axis
6.7.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not
ofthehandlebar.Maintaintheloadfor5min,andthenremove.
been determined.
Re-measureandrecordtheheightfromthereferencebartothe
6.7.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quanti-
reference surface.
tative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices,
6.6.3.3 Refer to Test Methods F2571 Subsection 7.11.4 for
the calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the
test procedures for the handlebars.
operators.Atthistime,thestatementsonbiasshouldbelimited
6.6.3.4 Recumbent Seat Support Handlebars—Apply the
to documented performance of particular laboratories.
static load to the weakest structural point of the handlebars in
the vertical direction. Maintain the load for 5 min, and then
6.8 Pedal and Crank Endurance—Thepurposeofthistestis
remove. Visually inspect for indications of breakage. If apply-
to evaluate the endurance of the pedal or crank handle.
ing the load to only one handlebar (as allowed in Specification
6.8.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
F1250), apply ⁄2 the load stated in Specification F1250
described in Section 5 with the pedal/crank arm assemblies
vertically for 5 min, and then remove. If two handlebars are
“blocked” to prevent rotation and set at the 12 o’clock / 6
provided, then the test load shall be distributed over each
o’clock positions or the pedal/crank arm assembly may be
handlebar or ⁄2 of the test load shall be applied to one
removed from the exercise bicycle and set up in a test stand.
handlebar.
The load to the pedal shall be applied at the center of the pedal
6.6.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The handlebar shall conform to
vertically.Forloadingontothepedalofabicycle,theloadshall
the torque and load requirements of Subsection 5.5 of Speci-
be applied against a 50 mm by 50 mm (1.98 in by 1.98 in.)
fication F1250, as well as the loading requirements of Speci-
platethatisaffixedtothepedal.Possiblemethodsofproviding
fication F2276. For the torque evaluations, the reference bar
the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic
shall not have moved by more than the resolution of the
cylinder(s)ordeadweights.Verifythattheappliedloadreturns
measuring device. For the recumbent handlebar loading
to zero after each loading cycle.
evaluation, the handlebars shall not break. If the above criteria
6.8.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is
are not met the sample shall fail the test.
calibrated and is accurate to within 62% of the applied load.
6.6.5 Precision and Bias:
Verify the accuracy of the counting device to 60.05% of the
6.6.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not full cycle range of the device.
been determined.
6.8.3 Procedure—Withthepedal/crankarmassemblysetup
6.6.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quanti- as described above, apply the load as described in Subsection
tative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, 5.7 of Specification F1250 cyclically for the required number
F3023 − 18
of cycles for either institutional or consumer equipment as 6.11 Institutional Bicycle/Ergometer Endurance Testing—
defined in the same section of that specification. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the endurance of the
6.8.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—Per the requirements of Subsec- exercise bicycle or ergometer.
tion 5.7 of Specification F1250, the pedal or crank arm
6.11.1 Apparatus and Set Up—Thesampleshallbesetupas
assembly shall not fail as a result of this test.
describedinSection5withamechanismtopedaloractuatethe
6.8.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
machinethroughcompletecyclessimilartohowtheequipment
abouteithertheprecisionorbiasofthistestsincethetestresult
wouldbeusedbyahumanuser.Possiblemethodsofproviding
is non-quantitative.
the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic
cylinder(s) or electric motors. Verify that the applied load
6.9 Crank Arm and Shroud Entrapment—The purpose of
achieves the required magnitude and moves the equipment
this test is to evaluate entrapment at the interface/margins of
through complete cycles.
the crank arm and the center shroud.
6.11.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is
6.9.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
calibrated and is accurate to within 65% of the applied load.
described in Section 5. This test requires probe as specified in
Verify the accuracy of the counting device to 60.05% of the
Test Methods F2277 Fig. 2.Alternatively, a test probe with the
full cycle range of the device.
following parameters can be used: a cylindrical test probe of
diameter 9.5 mm 6 0.1 mm (0.37 in) and length 75 mm 6 1.5
6.11.3 Procedure—With the bicycle or ergometer set up as
mm (2.95 in) with surface hardness of HRC 40 or greater.
described above, actuate the equipment through complete
Verify that all guards are properly positioned and secured. An cycles of 360° of rotation with the load and speed as described
apparatus capable of measuring 4.4 N (1 lb) of pulling force
in Subsection 5.10 of Specification F1250. Different loads for
shall be provided. direct drive exercise bicycles, upright bicycles, recumbent
6.9.2 Calibration—Calibrate the load measurement appara-
bicycles,upperbodyergometers,andtotalbodyergometersare
tus to confirm accuracy to within 60.5 N (0.1 lb). Verify that provided in Subsection 5.10 of Specification F1250. Actuate
the probe conforms to the dimensions of Test Methods F2277
the bicycles or ergometer cyclically for the required number of
Fig. 2 or the alternative dimensions provided above. cycles as defined in the same section of that specification.
6.9.3 Procedure—Insert the test finger probe parallel to the
6.11.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—Per the requirements of Subsec-
axisofrotation(within 65°)ofthecrankarmalongthesurface
tion5.10ofSpecificationF1250,thebicycleorergometershall
of the crank arm until it contacts the center shroud. Rotate the
not fail as a result of this test.
crank arm completely (in both directions) and ensure that the
6.11.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
finger probe does not become entrapped. If the rotation of the
abouteithert
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3023 − 13 F3023 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of
Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and
Upper and Total Body Ergometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation of
stationary upright and recumbent exercise bicycles and upper body ergometers.
The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily prevent
injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving stationary upright and recumbent exercise
bicycles and upper body ergometers this equipment involves the risk of injury, particularly if the
equipment is used improperly or is not properly maintained. In addition, users with physical
limitations should seek medical advice and instruction from the fitness facility prior to using this
equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from using this
equipment properly and without increasing as intended by the manufacturer, and using this equipment
may increase the risk of serious injury.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and equipment used for testing and evaluating stationary exercise upright and
recumbent bicycles and crank training equipment (machines)ergometers for compliance to Specification F1250. Both design and
operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will
be used and referenced. In the case of a conflict between this document and Specification F1250, Specification F1250 takes
precedence.
1.2 Requirements—Stationary exercise bicycles and crank training equipment ergometers are to be tested for the parameters
specified in Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 and the following parameters unique to this equipment:
1.2.1 Seat post construction and loading,
1.2.2 Handlebar construction and loading,
1.2.3 Pedal construction and loading,
1.2.4 Crank Armarm and Enclosure Entrapmentenclosure entrapment,
1.2.5 Seat back support loading,
1.2.6 Stability,
1.2.7 Direct Drive Exercise Bicycle Pedal Endurance,
1.2.8 WarningsWarnings, and
1.2.9 DocumentationDocumentation.
1.3 This test method contains additional requirements to address the accessibility of the equipment for persons with disabilities.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and isare the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013June 1, 2018. Published July 2013August 2018. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F3023 – 13.
DOI: 10.1520/F3023-13.10.1520/F3023-18.
This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and
Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3023 − 18
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1250 Specification for Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and Upper and Total Body Ergometers
F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
F2276 Specification for Fitness Equipment
F2277 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment
F2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
F3021 Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and
Impairments
F3022 Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional
Limitations and Impairments
2.2 European Standards:
EN 957-1 Stationary Training Equipment — Part 1: General Safety Requirements and Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions applicable to this standard see Specification F1250.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions applicable to this standard, see Specifications F1250 and F3021.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of stationary exercise
bicycles and crank training equipment ergometers assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Use
of these test methods in conjunction Specification with Specifications F1250 and F3021 is intended to ensure appropriate
performance and reliability of said equipment and reduce the risk of serious injury from design deficiencies.
5. Certification
5.1 These test methods permit self-certification. It is recommended that each manufacturer employ an independent laboratory
to evaluate and validate that their test procedures and methodologies conform and comply with these test methods and
Specification F1250.
5. Sample Preparations
5.1 Assemble and adjust the machine on a horizontal surface according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For machines that
are fully assembled, verify according to the manufacturer’s instructions that all components are functioning and that they have been
adjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, the machine must pass the following tests without adjustment from this
initial condition. Apply power to, if required, or use the machine and verify that the unit functions properly.
5.2 The individual test methods will describe any variations or modifications to the test sample that are required .required.
5.3 Unless noted, the machine shall function as intended by the manufacturer after the completion of the tests.each test.
6. Test Methods and Procedures
6.1 In addition to the tests specified in Test Methods F2571, stationary exercise bicycles and ergometers shall be evaluated with
the following test methods and procedures. These test methods align with the design and construction requirements specified in
Specification F1250 (Section 5).
6.2 Seat Post—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the construction and retention of the seat post.
6.2.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5.
6.2.2 Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).
6.2.3 Procedure—The following steps should be followed to test the specifications for the seat post.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
F3023 − 18
6.2.3.1 Insertion Depth—If the seat post is adjustable and removable, remove the seat post from the machine. Measure the
largest cross-sectional dimension of the seat post. Multiply this number by 1.5. Inspect the seat post and verify that there is a mark
on the seat post indicating the minimum insertion depth at the dimension calculated above. Verify that the mark defined above is
even with the top of or below the top of the seat adjustment sleeve tube when the seat is adjusted into its uppermost position. If
the minimum insertion depth is provided by design, verify that the design is such that the seat post cannot be removed from the
machine without the use of tools or that the seat post cannot be removed without the retention means seating and attaining the
minimum insertion depth.
6.2.3.2 Verify that the seat post is adjustable and that the seat post is retained in any of its adjustment positions by a clamp, pin,
or similar means.
6.2.3.3 Verify that there is a seat support plate or structure present between the underside of the seat and the top end of the seat
post.
6.2.3.4 Refer to Test Methods F2571 Subsection 7.11.1 and follow the procedure for intrinsic load testing of the seat.
6.2.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The seat post shall conform to dimensional and component requirements of Subsection 5.1 of
Specification F1250, as well as the loading requirements of Specifications F1250 and F2276. If the above criteria are not met the
sample shall fail the test.
6.2.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
6.2.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
6.2.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
6.3 Seat Deflection or Tilt—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the tilt requirements of the seat assembly.
6.3.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5 with the seat adjusted into its uppermost
adjustment position. Possible methods of providing the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or
dead weights. If necessary, the machine may be restrained from movement provided the restraint does not aid the structure or
otherwise interfere in the test. Clamp a load receiving plate 50 by 50 mm (1.97 by 1.97 in.) flush with the front (and then the rear)
of the seat in such a way that a vertical load can be applied to the seat in an upward vertical direction and then a downward vertical
direction. Zero and measure the angle of the loading plate as referenced to the floor.
6.3.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 62 % of applied load. Verify that
the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of ⁄2 ° or less.
6.3.3 Procedure—Apply an upward vertical load to the loading plate. Maintain the load for 5 min then remove. Re-measure the
angle of the loading plate with respect to the floor. Repeat the test with a downward load applied to the loading plate. Repeat both
tests but apply the vertical loading in both the upward and downward directions to the rear of the seat.
6.3.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The seat deflection or tilt evaluation shall conform to the tilt requirements of Subsection 5.2 of
Specification F1250. If the seat tilt exceeds the criteria for any of the above tests, the sample shall fail the test.
6.3.5 Precision and Bias:
6.3.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
6.3.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
6.4 Seat Back Support—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the static structural integrity of the seat back supports.
6.4.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5. Supply a means of providing a steady state
load to the back support. Possible methods of providing the load for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s)
or dead weights. Load is to be applied on a 300 by 300 mm (11.8 by 11.8 in.) square area with its center located 500 mm (19.7
in.) above the seating surface or 50 mm (1.98 in.) below the upper edge of the seat back if the seat is less than 560 mm (22 in.)
tall. Determine and record the vertical dimension, h, to the point of application of the load.
6.4.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 62 % of the applied load.
6.4.3 Procedure—The test load requirements are specified in Subsection 5.3 of Specification F1250. With the back support set
up as described above, apply the load horizontally to the center point of the plate and maintain it for 5 min (see Fig. 1).
6.4.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The seat back shall conform to the load requirements of Subsection 5.3 of Specification F1250. The
seat back support and supporting structures shall not break and shall function as intended by the manufacturer.
6.4.5 Precision and Bias:
6.4.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
6.4.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
F3023 − 18
FIG. 1 Seat Back Support Test
6.5 Handlebar Stem Insertion—The purpose of this test is to verify the existence of a mark on the handlebar post indicating the
minimum insertion depth.
6.5.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5.
6.5.2 Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).
6.5.3 Procedure—If the handlebar stem is adjustable and removable, remove the handlebar stem from the machine. Measure the
largest cross-sectional dimension of the handlebar stem. Multiply this number by 1.5. Inspect the handlebar stem and verify the
presence of a mark on the handlebar stem indicating the minimum insertion depth. Verify that this mark is at least at the dimension
calculated above, from the end of the handlebar stem. Verify that the mark defined above is even with or below the top of the
handlebar adjustment sleeve tube when the handlebar assembly is adjusted into its uppermost position. If the minimum insertion
depth is provided by design, verify that the design is such that the handlebar stem cannot be removed from the machine without
the use of tools.
6.5.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The dimensions that pertain to the handlebar stem insertion shall conform to dimensional
requirements of Subsection 5.4 of Specification F1250. If the above criteria are not met the sample shall fail the test.
6.5.5 Precision and Bias:
6.5.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
6.5.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
6.6 Handlebar Static Loading—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the static structural integrity of the handlebars as set forth
in Subsection 5.5 of Specification F1250 and in Specification F2276.
6.6.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5 with the handlebars adjusted into their
uppermost adjustment position. Possible methods of providing the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic
cylinder(s) or dead weights. If necessary, the machine may be restrained from movement as long as that restraint does not aid the
structure of the structure being tested. Clamp a 150 mm (5.9 in.) long reference bar to the handlebar to be used for measurements
from the handlebar to a fixed reference, such as the floor or a wall for the horizontal axis and vertical axis tests, respectively. Note,
the position and orientation of the of the clamped reference bar may need to be moved or repositioned depending on the reference
plane used for the specific test, that is, a horizontal or vertical reference plane.
6.6.2 Calibration—Verify the torque application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 65 % of applied torque and the
force load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 62 % of the applied load. Verify that the measurement device
is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).
6.6.3 Procedure—The following steps should be followed to test the specifications for handlebar static loading.
6.6.3.1 Horizontal Axis Torque Evaluation—The referenced horizontal axis is longitudinal to the body of the bicycle, that is,
along the apparent direction of travel of the bicycle. Measure and record the distance from the clamped reference bar to the floor.
To confirm the horizontal torque integrity of the handlebars, apply the torque as defined in Subsection 5.5.1 of Specification F1250
about the horizontal axis of the handlebar. Maintain the load for 5 min, and then remove. Re-measure and record the height from
F3023 − 18
the reference bar to the floor. Note: the torque can be applied by applying an equivalent vertical load downward on one of the
handlebar ends at an appropriately calculated distance.
6.6.3.2 Vertical Axis Torque Evaluation—Measure and record the distance from the clamped reference bar to a vertical reference
surface such as a wall. To confirm the vertical torque integrity of the handlebars, apply the torque as defined in Subsection 5.5.2
of Specification F1250 about the vertical axis of the handlebar. Maintain the load for 5 min, and then remove. Re-measure and
record the height from the reference bar to the reference surface.
6.6.3.3 Refer to Test Methods F2571 Subsection 7.11.4 for test procedures for the handlebars.
6.6.3.4 Recumbent Seat Support Handlebars—Apply the static load to the weakest structural point of the handlebars in the
vertical direction. Maintain the load for 5 min, and then remove. Visually inspect for indications of breakage. If applying the load
to only one handlebar (as allowed in Specification F1250), apply ⁄2 the load stated in Specification F1250 vertically for 5 min,
and then remove. If two handlebars are provided, then the test load shall be distributed over each handlebar or ⁄2 of the test load
shall be applied to one handlebar.
6.6.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The handlebar shall conform to the torque and load requirements of Subsection 5.5 of Specification
F1250, as well as the loading requirements of Specification F2276. For the torque evaluations, the reference bar shall not have
moved by more than the resolution of the measuring device. For the recumbent handlebar loading evaluation, the handlebars shall
not break. If the above criteria are not met the sample shall fail the test.
6.6.5 Precision and Bias:
6.6.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
6.6.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
6.7 Pedals—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the pedal construction.
6.7.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5.
6.7.2 Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).
6.7.3 Procedure—The following steps should be followed to test the specifications for pedals.
6.7.3.1 Inspect each pedal and verify that the pedals contain a mark indicating right and left as referenced from the user position.
6.7.3.2 Verify that there is a slip resistant gripping surface or structure (such as ribs or teeth) on the surface of the pedal
contacted by the user during use.
6.7.3.3 Position the foot pedal into its lowest travel position relative to the floor. Measure the gap between the pedal and the
floor.
6.7.3.4 Refer Test Methods F2571 Subsection 7.11.1 for test procedures for the pedals. The load shall be applied vertically at
the midpoint of the pedal.
6.7.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The pedal design shall conform to marking, dimensional and textural requirements of Subsection 5.6
of Specification F1250. Upon completion of the loading test the pedal assembly shall not break and shall function as intended by
the manufacturer.
6.7.5 Precision and Bias:
6.7.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
6.7.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
6.8 Pedal and Crank Endurance—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the endurance of the pedal or crank handle.
6.8.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5 with the pedal/crank arm assemblies
“blocked” to prevent rotation and set at the 12 o’clock / 6 o’clock positions or the pedal/crank arm assembly may be removed from
the exercise bicycle and set up in a test stand. The load to the pedal shall be applied at the center of the pedal vertically. For loading
onto the pedal of a bicycle, the load shall be applied against a 50 mm by 50 mm (1.98 in by 1.98 in.) plate that is affixed to the
pedal. Possible methods of providing the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or dead weights.
Verify that the applied load returns to zero after each loading cycle.
6.8.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 62 % of the applied load. Verify
the accuracy of the counting device to 60.05 % of the full cycle range of the device.
6.8.3 Procedure—With the pedal/crank arm assembly set up as described above, apply the load as described in Subsection 5.7
of Specification F1250 cyclically for the required number of cycles for either institutional or consumer equipment as defined in
the same section of that specification.
6.8.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—Per the requirements of Subsection 5.7 of Specification F1250, the pedal or crank arm assembly shall
not fail as a result of this test.
6.8.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
F3023 − 18
6.9 Crank Arm and Shroud Entrapment—The purpose of this test is to evaluate entrapment at the interface/margins of the crank
arm and the center shroud.
6.9.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5. This test requires probe as specified in Test
Methods F2277 Fig. 2. Alternatively, a test probe with the following parameters can be used: a cylindrical test probe of diameter
9.5 mm 6 0.1 mm (0.37 in) and length 75 mm 6 1.5 mm (2.95 in) with surface hardness of HRC 40 or greater. Verify that all
guards are properly positioned and secured. An apparatus capable of measuring 4.4 N (1 lb) of pulling force shall be provided.
6.9.2 Calibration—Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm accuracy to within 60.5 N (0.1 lb). Verify that the
probe conforms to the dimensions of Test Methods F2277 Fig. 2 or the alternative dimensions provided above.
6.9.3 Procedure—Insert the test finger probe parallel to the axis of rotation (within 65°) of the crank arm along the surface of
the crank arm until it contacts the center shroud. Rotate the crank arm completely (in both directions) and ensure that the finger
probe does not become entrapped. If the rotation of the crank arm pushes the probe out of the way then entrapment does not occur.
6.9.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—Per Subsection 5.8 of Specification F1250, there shall not be an entrapment hazard and the test probe
shall not become entrapped.
6.9.5 Precision and Bias:
6.9.5.1 Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
6.9.5.2 Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
6.10 Drive Train—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the drive train elements per the Guarding and Entrapment portions of
Specification F2276.
6.10.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5.
6.10.2 Calibration—Refer to Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 for calibration requirements.
6.10.3 Procedure—Refer to Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 for procedures to test drive train Guarding and
Entrapment.
6.10.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—The drive train shall conform to the Guarding and Entrapment requirements of Specification F2276.
6.10.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
6.11 Institutional Bicycle/Ergometer Endurance Testing—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the endurance of the exercise
bicycle or ergometer.
6.11.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5 with a mechanism to pedal or actuate the
machine through complete cycles similar to how the equipment would be used by a human user. Possible methods of providing
the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or electric motors. Verify that the applied load achieves
the required magnitude and moves the equipment through complete cycles.
6.11.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 65 % of the applied load. Verify
the accuracy of the counting device to 60.05 % of the full cycle range of the device.
6.11.3 Procedure—With the bicycle or ergometer set up as described above, actuate the equipment through complete cycles of
360° of rotation with the load and speed as described in Subsection 5.10 of Specification F1250. Different loads for direct drive
exercise bicycles, upright bicycles, recumbent bicycles, upper body ergometers, and total body ergometers are provided in
Subsection 5.10 of Specification F1250. Actuate the bicycles or ergometer cyclically for the required number of cycles as defined
in the same section of that specification.
6.11.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—Per the requirements of Subsection 5.10 of Specification F1250, the bicycle or ergometer shall not
fail as a result of this test.
6.11.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
6.12 Consumer Bicycle/Ergometer Endurance Testing—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the endurance of the exercise
bicycle or ergometer.
6.12.1 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 5 with a mechanism to pedal or actuate the
machine through complete cycles similar to how the equipment would be used by a human user. Possible methods of providing
the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or electric motors. Verify that the applied load achieves
the required magnitude and moves the equipment through complete cycles.
6.12.2 Calibration—Verify the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 65 % of the applied load. Verify
the accuracy of the counting device to 60.05 % of the full cycle range of the device.
6.12.3 Procedure—With the bicycle or ergometer set up as described above, actuate the equipment through complete cycles of
360° of rotation with the load and speed as described in Subsection 5.11 of Specification F1250. Different loads for direct drive
exercise bicycles, upright bicycles, recumbent bicycles, upper body ergometers, and total body ergometers are provided in
Subsection 5.11 of the Specification F1250. Actuate the bicycles or ergometer cyclically for the required number of cycles as
defined in the same section of that specification.
F3023 − 18
6.12.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—Per the requirements of Subsection 5.11 of Specification F1250, the bicycle or ergometer shall not
fail as a result of this test.
6.12.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
6.13 Stability—The exercise device shall be tested by a series of load applications in the orientation that is most obviously
unstable.
6.13.1 Apparatus and Set Up—Place exercise device on a nonskid 10° surface in the orientation that is least stable. For upright
exercise bicycles, adjust the seat into the uppermost position. A method of applying a steady state force equal to 1.0 × maximum
user weight in the vertical direction must be provided. Possible methods of providing force include, but are not limited to,
pneumatic cylinder(s) or dead weights.
6.13.2 Calibration—Using an angle measuring instrument accurate to within 0.1°, verify the nonskid surface is 10 6 0.5°.
Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm accuracy to within 620 N (4.5 lb) over entire user weight range.
6.13.3 Procedure—Test the exercise device as follows:
6.13.3.1 Apply a vertical load equal to 1.0 × maximum specified user weight 6 5 % in a non-impact manner at the position on
the seat which creates the most instability. Verify that the exercise device does not tip over.
6.13.3.2 Repeat 6.13.3 with the exercise device oriented in any other directions of potential instability.
6.13.3.3 For those exercise devices having a fixed seat, using the aforementioned load apparatus, apply a vertical load equal to
1.0 × maximum specified user weight 6 5 % in a non-impact manner at the position on the exercise device seat which creates the
most instability. Verify that the exercise device does not tip over.
6.13.3.4 Repeat 6.13.3 with the exercise device oriented in any other directions of potential instability.
6.13.4 Pass/Fail Criteria—In none of the above test conditions shall the exercise device tip over.
6.13.5 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test for measuring stability
since the test result is non-quantitative.
7. Test Methods andAdditional Universal Design and Construction Requirements to Test Method F3022 Procedures
NOTE 1—If a conflict exists with the test methods listed in Test Method F3022, then the specific requirements listed in Section 7 take precedence over
the test methods listed in Test Method F3022.
7.1 In addition to the tests specified in Test Methods F2571, stationary exercise bicycles and crank training equipment shall be
evaluated as follows:Stationary Exercise Bicycles:
7.1.1 DesignAccess and Construction: Set Up:
7.1.1.1 Seat Post—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the construction and retention of the seat post.
(1) Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 6.1.
(2) Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).
(3) Procedure—Remove the seat post from the machine. Measure the largest cross sectional dimension of the seat post.
Multiply this number by 1.5 (d). Inspect the seat post and verify that there is a mark on the seat post indicating the minimum
insertion depth at dimension d calculated above. Verify that the seat post is retained in any of its adjustment positions by a clamp,
pin or similar means. Verify that the mark defined above is even with the top of or below the top of the seat adjustment sleeve
tube when the seat is adjusted into its uppermost position, or that the design is such that the seat post cannot be removed from the
machine without the use of tools.
(4) Pass/Fail Criteria—If the above criteria are not met the sample shall fail the test.
(5) Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
(a) Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
(b) Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
7.1.1.2 Seat Support—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the presence of a seat support plate or structure.
(1) Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 6.1.
(2) Calibration—Visual verification only.
(3) Procedure—Remove the seat and seat post from the machine. Verify that there is a seat support plate or structure present
between the underside of the seat and the top end of the seat post.
(4) Pass/Fail Criteria—If there is no seat supporting structure present, the sample shall fail the test.
(5) Precision and Bias—No information presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the result is
non-quantitative.
7.1.1.1 Handlebar Stem Insertion—Upright Bicycle Step-Over Height—The purpose of this test is to verify the existence of a
mark on the handlebar post indicating the minimum insertion depth.This test is a dimensional inspection of the sample to ensure
the dimensional compliance of the step-over height.
(1) Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 6.15.
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(2) Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04distance
measuring equipment is calibrated and accurate to within 1 mm (0.040 in.).
(3) Procedure—Remove or adjust the handlebar assembly to its uppermost position and visually verify the presence of a mark
on the handlebar stem indicating the minimum insertion depth. Verify that this mark is 63.5 mm (2.5 in.) from the end of the
handlebar stem.Locate the part of the structure that must be stepped over in order to use the equipment. Measure the distance from
the floor to the top of the highest step-over point of the frame.
(4) Pass/Fail Criteria—The mark indicated above must be present at 63.5 mm (2.5 in.) from the end of the handlebar stem or
the design must be such that the handlebar assembly cannot be removed from the machine without the use of tools.upright bicycle
step-over height shall conform to dimensional requirements of Subsection 6.1.1.1 of Specification F1250.
(5) Precision and Bias:
(a) Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
(b) Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
7.1.1.2 Pedal Design—Upright Bicycle Step Assist—The purpose of this test is to evaluate the pedal construction.This test is a
visual and dimensional inspection of the sample to ensure the compliance of the step assist structure.
(1) Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 6.15.
(2) Calibration—Verify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04distance
measuring equipment is calibrated and accurate to within 1 mm (0.040 in.).
(3) Procedure—Inspect each pedal and verify that the pedals contain a mark indicating right and left as referenced from the
user position. Verify that there is a slip resistant surface or structure (ribs or “teeth”) on the surface of the pedal step assist structure
contacted by the user during use. For hand crank equipment, verify the presence of the right and left markings and the presence
of aaccess and egress. Measure the width and length of the non-slip surface material. Verify loading requirements of Specification
F2276slip resistant gripping surface. Position the foot pedal into its lowest travel position relative to the floor. Measure the gap
between the pedal and the floor.
(4) Pass/Fail Criteria—If the criteria described above is not present the sample shall fail the test. The dimension measured
above shall be 60 6The upright bicycle step assist shall conform to visual and dimensional requirements of Subsection 6.1.1.2 of
Specification F12501 mm (2.36 6 0.040 in.) or greater.
(5) Precision and Bias:
(a) Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
(b) Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
7.1.1.3 Crank Arm and Enclosure Entrapment—Recumbent Bicycle Walk Through Transition Area Box—The purpose of this test
is to evaluate entrapment at the interface/margins of the crank arm and the center shroud or enclosure.This test is a dimensional
inspection of the sample to ensure the dimensional compliance of walk through structure area.
(1) Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in Section 6.15. This test requires probe as specified in
EN 957-1 Figure 1 of the 2005 revision. Verify that all guards are properly positioned and secured. An apparatus capable of
measuring 4.4 N (1 lb) of pulling force shall be provided.
(2) Calibration—Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm accuracy to within 60.5 N (0.1 lb). Verify that the probe
conforms to the dimensions of EN 957-1 Figure 2.distance measuring equipment is calibrated and accurate to within 1 mm (0.040
in.).
(3) Procedure—Insert the test finger probe parallel to the axis of rotation (within 65°) of the crank arm along the surface of
the crank arm until it contacts the center enclosure. Rotate the crank arm completely (in both directions) and insure that the finger
probe does not become entrapped. If the rotation of the crank arm pushes the probeMeasure the heights and widths of the transition
areas (see Specification F1250 out of the way then entrapment does not occur.Fig. 6).
(4) Pass/Fail Criteria—The probe shall not become entrapped. Entrapment is defined to have occurred if the force to
pullrecumbent bicycle walk through transition area box shall conform to dimensional requirements of Subsection 6.1.1.3 of
Specification F1250out the probe is greater than 4.4 N (1 lb).
(5) Precision and Bias:
(a) Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
(b) Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented performance of particular laboratories.
7.1.2 Static Loading—Seats, Saddles, and Back Supports: The purpose of this test is to evaluate the static structural integrity
of the seat, handlebars, and pedals as set for in Specifications F1250 and F2276.
7.1.2.1 Recumbent Exercise Bicycle Handlebars—The purpose of this test is to confirm structural integrity of the handlebars.
F3023 − 18
(1) Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 6.1. Possible methods of provided the force for this test
include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or dead weights. If necessary, the machine may be restrained from movement
as long as that restraint does not aid the structure of the structure being tested.
(2) Calibration—Verify the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 62 % of applied load.
(3) Procedure—Apply the static load to the weakest structural point of the handlebars in the vertical direction. Maintain the
load for five minutes, and then remove. Visually inspect for indications of breakage. If applying the load to only one handlebar
(as allowed in Specification F1250) apply ⁄2 the load stated in Specification F1250 vertically for 5 min and then remove.
(4) Pass/Fail Criteria—The handlebar shall not break.
(5) Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
7.1.2.2 Exercise Bicycle Handlebar Horizontal Axis Torque Evaluation—The purpose of this test is to confirm the horizontal
torque integrity of the handlebars.
(1) Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 6.1 with the handlebars adjusted into their uppermost
adjustment position. Possible methods of providing the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or
dead weights. If necessary, the machine may be restrained from movement as long as that restraint does not aid the structure of
the structure being tested. Clamp a 150 mm (5.9 in.) long reference bar to the handle bar then measure and record its height to
the floor.
(2) Calibration—Verify the load application system is calibrated and is accurate to within 65 % of applied load. Verify that
the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04 in.).
(3) Procedure—Apply the torque about the horizontal axis of the handlebar. Maintain the load for five minutes, and then
remove. Re-measure the height from the reference bar to the floor.
(4) Pass/Fail Criteria—The reference bar shall not have moved by more than the resolution of the measuring device.
(5) Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
7.1.2.1 Exercise Bicycle Handlebar Vertical Axis Torque Evaluation—Upright Bicycle Saddle Height—The purpose of this test
is to confirm the vertical torque integrity of the handlebars.This test is a dimensional inspection of the sample to ensure the
dimensional compliance of the seat height.
(1) Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 6.1Section 5with the handlebars adjusted into their
uppermost adjustment position. Possible methods of providing the force for this test include, but are not limited to, pneumatic
cylinder(s) or dead weights. If necessary, the machine may be restrained from movement as long as that restraint does not aid the
structure of the structure being tested. Clamp a 150 mm (5.9 in.) long reference bar to the handle bar stem then measure and record
its distance to a vertical reference surface such as a wall.
(2) Calibration—Verify the load application systemthat the distance measuring equipment is calibrated and is accurate within
62 % of applied load. Verify that the measurement device is properly calibrated and has a resolution of 1 mm (0.04to within 1
mm (0.040 in.).
(3) Procedure—Apply the torque about the vertical axis of the handlebar. Maintain the load for five minutes, and then remove.
Re-measure the distance from the reference bar to the wall or reference Adjust the seat to its lowest position. Measure the height
of the seat from the ground to the top of the sitting surface.
(4) Pass/Fail Criteria—The reference bar shall not have moved by more than the resolution of the measuring device.upright
bicycle seat height shall conform to dimensional requirements of Subsection 6.1.2.1 of Specification F1250.
(5) Precision and Bias—Bias:No information is presented about either the precision or bias of this test since the test result is
non-quantitative.
(a) Precision—The precision of this test method has not been determined.
(b) Bias—The bias of this test method includes quantitative estimates of the uncertainties of the measuring devices, the
calibrations of testing equipment, and the skill of the operators. At this time, the statements on bias should be limited to
documented per
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