ASTM F3104-21

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this document is to provide valid and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with Specification F3105 is intended to maximize the reliability of the equipment’s design and reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design deficiencies.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus used for testing and evaluating Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment for compliance to Specification F3105. Both design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced.  
1.2 Requirements—This equipment is to be tested in accordance with this test method or Test Methods F2571 for all of the following parameters:  
1.2.1 Stability,  
1.2.2 Edge and corner sharpness,  
1.2.3 Tube ends,  
1.2.4 Entrapment and pinch points,  
1.2.5 Weight disc retention,  
1.2.6 Function of adjustments and locking mechanisms,  
1.2.7 Training weight post loading,  
1.2.8 Storage weight post loading,  
1.2.9 Stop height verification,  
1.2.10 Stop load drop test,  
1.2.11 Barbell hook dimensions,  
1.2.12 Catch hook load drop test,  
1.2.13 Barbell support/frame impact test,  
1.2.14 Intrinsic loading,  
1.2.15 Extrinsic loading,  
1.2.16 Endurance loading, and  
1.2.17 Documentation and warnings verification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2021
• ICS: 97.220.30 - Indoor sports equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.30 - Fitness Products

Relations

• Refers: ASTM F1749-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM F2216-17a - Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM F2216-17 - Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM F1749-15 - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM F2216-12 - Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM F2571-09 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2009
• Refers: ASTM F1749-09 - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Refers: ASTM F2216-05 - Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2005
• Refers: ASTM F2216-03 - Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Refers: ASTM F1749-02 - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 10-May-2002
• Refers: ASTM F1749-96 - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 10-May-2002

Overview

ASTM F3104-21 provides standardized test methods for evaluating the design and performance characteristics of externally loaded strength training equipment, strength training benches, and external weight storage equipment. Developed by ASTM International, this standard ensures valid and repeatable evaluation procedures that verify compliance with the relevant safety specification ASTM F3105. The primary goal is to enhance equipment reliability and significantly reduce risks of injury arising from design deficiencies, particularly when used and maintained according to manufacturer specifications.

These test methods apply both to consumer and institutional-grade equipment, offering a framework for assessing structural integrity, operational safety, and appropriate user documentation. Manufacturers can use these methods for self-certification or to guide independent laboratory evaluation, supporting confidence in equipment safety and performance in fitness environments.

Key Topics

ASTM F3104-21 covers a comprehensive set of evaluation procedures, focusing on critical design and operational parameters of free weight training equipment. Major areas addressed include:

• Stability Testing: Verifies that equipment remains upright and secure under normal and maximum load conditions.
• Sharpness and Entrapment Points: Inspects for sharp edges, tube ends, entrapment, and pinch points that could endanger users.
• Weight Disc Retention and Storage: Assures weight discs are securely retained during use and storage posts are properly spaced and structurally sound.
• Adjustment and Locking Mechanisms: Confirms the function and safety of adjustments and locking mechanisms to prevent accidental release or movement.
• Load Testing: Includes static, training, storage, intrinsic and extrinsic, and endurance loading to test durability and performance over cycles and under maximum loads.
• Impact and Drop Tests: Evaluates frames, stops, and barbell support hooks for structural adequacy when subjected to impact or dropped loads.
• Documentation and Warning Verification: Ensures user manuals and on-product warnings meet labeling standards for safe equipment use.

Applications

The test methods outlined in ASTM F3104-21 have broad applicability for manufacturers, equipment designers, certification labs, and gym operators who need to:

• Certify Compliance: Validate strength training equipment meets safety and performance requirements for institutional and consumer use.
• Improve Safety: Identify and mitigate potential hazards such as instability, sharp points, or insufficient load capacity, directly reducing the risk of user injury.
• Support Product Development: Incorporate rigorous test data into research, development, and design improvements for new fitness equipment.
• Maintain Regulatory Readiness: Ensure adherence to internationally recognized safety standards, facilitating global market access.
• Enhance User Confidence: Provide gym owners and consumers with documented proof of safe use and long-term durability under repeated or high-load conditions.

The standard supports product differentiation by assuring customers of reliable quality and robust safety measures, critical for institutional procurement and commercial facility outfitting.

Related Standards

ASTM F3104-21 references several other key standards and guidelines, including:

• ASTM F3105: Specification for Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches, and External Weight Storage Equipment
• ASTM F1749: Specification for Fitness Equipment and Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• ASTM F2216: Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
• ASTM F2571: Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
• EN 957 series: European standards for stationary and strength training equipment

These standards work in tandem to cover the full spectrum of safety, design, performance, and labeling requirements in the fitness equipment industry. Compliance with ASTM F3104-21 and related standards supports best practice implementation for quality assurance and injury prevention in strength training environments.

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Keywords: strength training equipment testing, ASTM F3104-21, fitness equipment safety standard, weight bench test methods, load drop test, gym equipment stability, ASTM compliance, external weight storage equipment

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3104 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of
Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength
Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation of
Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight
Storage Equipment. Users of these machines must recognize, however, that conformance to a standard
will not necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving this equipment
involves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is not maintained or used properly.
1. Scope 1.2.16 Endurance loading, and
1.2.17 Documentation and warnings verification.
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
used for testing and evaluating Externally Loaded Strength
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Weight Storage Equipment for compliance to Specification
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
F3105. Both design and operational parameters will be evalu-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Requirements—This equipment is to be tested in accor-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
dance with this test method or Test Methods F2571 for all of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the following parameters:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2.1 Stability,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2.2 Edge and corner sharpness,
1.2.3 Tube ends,
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.4 Entrapment and pinch points,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.5 Weight disc retention,
F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-
1.2.6 Function of adjustments and locking mechanisms,
cility Safety Signage and Labels
1.2.7 Training weight post loading,
F2216 Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
1.2.8 Storage weight post loading,
F2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance
1.2.9 Stop height verification,
Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
1.2.10 Stop load drop test,
F3105 SpecificationforExternallyLoadedStrengthTraining
1.2.11 Barbell hook dimensions,
Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External
1.2.12 Catch hook load drop test,
Weight Storage Equipment
1.2.13 Barbell support/frame impact test,
2.2 European Standards:
1.2.14 Intrinsic loading,
EN 957–1 Stationary Training Equipment—Part 1: General
1.2.15 Extrinsic loading,
Safety Requirements and Test Methods
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
of Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F3104 – 14. DOI: Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
10.1520/F3104-21. Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3104 − 21
EN 957–2 Stationary Training Equipment—Part 2: Strength 8.1.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—Place sample on a non-skid
Training Equipment, Additional Specific Safety Require- surfaceinclinedat10°intheorientationthatisleaststable.The
ments and Test Methods sample shall rest on the supporting surface without anchoring.
Determine how the user is placed oriented relative to the
3. Terminology
machine to perform the exercise (that is, seating, standing, or
prone) and then determine how the user’s body weight is
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
distributed onto the user support surfaces. For the tests that
3.1.1 normal operation, n—the operation of the equipment
require a user load, apply a load equal to 100 kg (220 lb)
as defined by the manufacturer.
simulating the user’s weight and its distribution in the vertical
4. Significance and Use
direction at the point(s) of user contact. The load shall be
applied in the most onerous condition for the machine type
4.1 The purpose of this document is to provide valid and
being evaluated. As an example, for a seated user, the user
repeatabletestmethodsfortheevaluationofExternallyLoaded
support surface shall be adjusted to the uppermost position (if
Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and
adjustable) and the center of gravity of the 100 kg (220 lb) load
ExternalWeight Storage Equipment assembled and maintained
shall be positioned approximately 150 mm (5.9 in.) above the
according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Use of these
user support surface. Possible methods of providing this load
test methods in conjunction with Specification F3105 is in-
include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or dead
tended to maximize the reliability of the equipment’s design
weights. Stability is to be evaluated with weight discs applied
and reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design
to one side and both sides of the machine. Determine most
deficiencies.
onerous condition and test the equipment in that orientation.
5. Certification
8.1.3 Calibration—Using an angle measuring instrument
accurate to within 0.1°, verify the non-skid surface is 10 6
5.1 These test methods permit self-certification. It is recom-
0.5°. Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm
mended that each manufacturer employ an independent labo-
accuracy to within 620 N (4.5 lb) over entire loading range.
ratory to evaluate and validate that their designs and test
procedures conform to and comply with these test methods and
8.1.4 Procedure—Test the sample as follows:
Specification F3105.
8.1.4.1 With the sample machine (no user load applied)
positionedonthetiltsurface,verifythatthesampledoesnottip
6. Units of Measure
over with the resistance means in the rest position and no
6.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
weight load on the training weight posts.
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
8.1.4.2 Using the aforementioned load apparatus, distribute
a vertical load equal to 100 kg (220 lb) 6 5 % in a non-impact
7. Sample Preparation
manner to the specimen where the user contacts the machine
7.1 Assemble and adjust the equipment according to the
during normal operation. (If only a portion of the user’s body
manufacturer’s instructions. Remove upholstered pads from
is supported by the machine during operation, the 100 kg (220
the sample. On machines that are fully assembled, verify
lb) simulated user weight shall be reduced by the appropriate
according to the manufacturer’s instructions that all compo-
amount.) Load the maximum rated weight (as stated by the
nents are functioning and that they have been adjusted and
manufacturer) onto the lifting arm, bar or weight support
aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, the machine must structureandretaintheweightsfromsliding.Raiseandsupport
pass the tests without adjustment from this initial condition.
theliftingarmsandweightstosimulatethefurthestpointinthe
The equipment shall be provided with the largest amount of range of travel as encountered during normal operation of the
weight intended to be used with the equipment as stated by the
machine by a user of 1.8 m (74 in.) stature. Verify that the
manufacturer for the model to be tested.
sample does not tip over.
8.1.4.3 Repeat 8.1.4.1 and 8.1.4.2 with the maximum
7.2 The individual test methods will describe any variations
amount of weight only on one side of the lifting arm or weight
or modifications that are required to the test sample.
structure.
8. Test Methods and Procedures
8.1.4.4 Repeat 8.1.4.1 and 8.1.4.2 with the sample oriented
in any other directions of potential instability and with weights
8.1 Stability:
only on one side of the lifting arm or weight structure.
8.1.1 This equipment shall be tested with and without the
simulated user load in the orientation that is most obviously 8.1.4.5 For Type 3 and 4 equipment load the bench verti-
unstable. For Type 1 and Type 2 equipment as defined in cally at the point(s) of user contact. The equipment is posi-
Specification F3105 the equipment is to be tested with the tioned on the tilt table in its most unstable orientation. If a seat
maximum rated load as stated by the manufacturer applied to is present then the seat shall be loaded with 45.5 kg (100 lb)
the training weight posts with no additional weight stored on simulating the 100 kg (220 lb) user’s lower body. The applied
the weight storage posts (if so equipped). For Type 3 and 4 load to the remainder of the bench is based on the maximal
equipment the equipment is to be tested with a simulated user loads experienced by the bench [for example: 225 kg (495 lb)
load and an applied load equal to the rated lifting load applied of lifting load] plus the upper body weight of the user [54.5 kg
to the bench as defined below. Multiple tests will be performed (119.9 lb)]. Apply this load to the bench, without inducing a
as defined below. torque to the bench, at the point of user contact with the bench.
F3104 − 21
Theloadshallbeappliedtothebenchalongitscenterlineusing 8.4.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure
a 300 mm (11.8 in.) square plate. that the weight storage posts are spaced adequately.
8.1.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—In any of the above test 8.4.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
conditions, or in any other weight configuration that will be
described in 7.1.
unstable, the sample shall not tip over.
8.4.3 Calibration—Verify that the measuring device is ac-
8.1.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented curate to 1 mm (0.04 in.).
about either the precision or bias of test 8.1 for measuring
8.4.4 Procedure—Place the maximum weight plate size (as
stability since the test result is non-quantitative.
recommended by the manufacturer) onto each weight storage
post. Measure the spacing between the weight discs. The
8.2 Adjustable Stops:
spacing shall be 25 mm (0.98 in.) or greater.
8.2.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure
8.4.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—The weight stack must begin and
that adjustable stops (if required) are present and functional.
end the test in the same rest position and must not move unless
8.2.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
it is displaced intentionally by a lifting force applied to the
described in 7.1.
lifting arm.
8.2.3 Calibration—Verify that the measuring device is ac-
8.4.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
curate to 1.5 mm (0.06 in.).
about either the precision or bias of test in 8.4 for evaluating
8.2.4 Procedure—Visually confirm that adjustable stops are
weight disc spacing since the test result is non-quantitative.
present on both sides of the machine and that they adjust with
minimal effort. Verify on sled leg press machines that a dead
8.5 Training Weight Post Loading:
stop is present that stops the lower edge of the carriage at least
8.5.1 This test is a visual, physical, and functional inspec-
266 mm (10.5 in.) from the front edge of the seat pad. Verify
tion of the weight posts used to support the training load on the
on Smith, Squat and Lifting Cage apparatus that one set of stop
equipment to ensure that they meet the loading parameters of
positions sets the lifting bar at least 711 mm (28 in.) above the
Specification F3105.
floor when the lifting bar is resting on the adjustable stops.
8.5.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
Verify the presence of a warning label instructing to not place
described in 7.1. Determine whether the sample is designed for
the stops lower than this position when doing squat exercises.
consumer or institutional use. Obtain from the manufacturer
8.2.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—Adjustable stops must be present
themaximumloadratingforeachweighttrainingpost.Provide
and function on all Type 2 equipment. Sled leg press machines
a means (pneumatic, hydraulic, or similar) for providing the
must have a dead stop that stops the carriage at least 266 mm
specified test load vertically downward to the training post.
(10.5 in.) from the edge of the seat. Smith, Squat, and Lifting
8.5.3 Calibration—Calibrate the load measurement appara-
Cageapparatusmusthaveonesetofstoppositionthatstopsthe
tus to confirm accuracy to within 650N(611 lb).
lifting arm at least 711 mm (28 in.) from the floor and a
8.5.4 Procedure—Obtain and record from the manufacturer
warning label must be present on both sides of the machine.
the maximum load amount that the weight support post is
8.2.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
subjected to during operation of the sample machine. Secure a
about either the precision or bias of test in 8.2 for adjustable
loadapplicationdevicetothecenteroftheweightsupportpost.
stops since the test result is non-quantitative.
The post may either be pushed or pulled downward with the
8.3 Weight Disc Retention: loadingdevice.Applythespecifiedloadtotheweightpostwith
an 80 mm (3.15 in.) belt. Maintain this load for 5 min. Repeat
8.3.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure
the test for each of the weight support posts.
that the weight discs are retained onto the lifting arms, bar or
weight structure. 8.5.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—If the weight post fails to support
the load for 5 minutes or if the weight support post fails
8.3.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
structurally then the weight support post shall fail the test.
described in 7.1.
8.5.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
8.3.3 Calibration—Verify that angle measuring instrument
is accurate to within 0.1°. about either the precision or bias of test in 8.4 for evaluating
training weight post loading since the test result is non-
8.3.4 Procedure—Visually confirm that the weight plates
quantitative.
are retained on the lifting structure by the presence of bar
clamps, collars, pins or similar means. If angular placement of
8.6 Storage Weight Post Loading:
the weight posts is the method of retention, then verify that the
8.6.1 This test is a visual, physical, and functional inspec-
angle of the weight post with respect to horizontal is at least 2°
tion of the weight posts used for storage on the equipment to
throughout the entire range of movement of the lifting struc-
ensure that they meet the loading parameters of Specification
ture.
F3105.
8.3.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—The weight discs shall be re-
8.6.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as
tained. The presence of clamps or similar means or angulation
described in 7.1. Determine whether the sample is designed for
of 2° or greater must be present.
consumer or institutional use. Obtain from the manufacturer
8.3.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
the maximum load rating for each weight storage post. Provide
about either the precision or bias of test in 8.3 for evaluating
a means (pneumatic, hydraulic, or similar) for providing the
weight disc retention since the test result is non-quantitative.
specified test load vertically downward to the center of the
8.4 Weight Disc Spacing – Storage Posts: storage post.
F3104 − 21
8.6.3 Calibration—Calibrate the load measurement appara- drops the maximum training load onto the stops, along the
tus to confirm accuracy to within 650N(611 lb). direction of travel of the machine through a distance of 457
8.6.4 Procedure—Obtain and record from the manufacturer mm (18 in.).
the maximum load amount that the weight storage post is 8.8.3 Calibration—Verify that the measuring device is ac-
subjected to. Secure a load application device to the center of curate to 1.5 mm (0.06 in.).
the weight storage post. The post may either be pushed or 8.8.4 Procedure—Load the lifting arm or carriage with the
pulled vertically downward with the loading device.Apply the maximum training weight as stated by the manufacturer and
specified test load to the center of the weight post with an 80 retain with collars or other appropriate means. Raise the bar or
mm (3.15 in.) belt. Maintain this load for 5 min. Repeat the test c
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3104 − 14 F3104 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of
Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength
Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable methods for the evaluation of
Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight
Storage Equipment. Users of these machines must recognize, however, that conformance to a standard
will not necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving this equipment
involves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is not maintained or used properly.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus used for testing and evaluating Externally Loaded Strength Training
Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment for compliance to Specification F3105. Both
design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized
bodies will be used and referenced.
1.2 Requirements—This equipment is to be tested in accordance with this test method or Test Methods F2571 for all of the
following parameters:
1.2.1 Stability,
1.2.2 Edge and corner sharpness,
1.2.3 Tube ends,
1.2.4 Entrapment and pinch points,
1.2.5 Weight disc retention,
1.2.6 Function of adjustments and locking mechanisms,
1.2.7 Training weight post loading,
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014March 1, 2021. Published February 2015April 2021. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as
F3104 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/F3104-14.10.1520/F3104-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3104 − 21
1.2.8 Storage weight post loading,
1.2.9 Stop height verification,
1.2.10 Stop load drop test,
1.2.11 Barbell hook dimensions,
1.2.12 Catch hook load drop test,
1.2.13 Barbell support/frame impact test,
1.2.14 Intrinsic loading,
1.2.15 Extrinsic loading,
1.2.16 Endurance loading, and
1.2.17 Documentation and warnings verification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
F2216 Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
F2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
F3105 Specification for Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight
Storage Equipment
2.2 European Standards:
EN 957–1 Stationary Training Equipment—Part 1: General Safety Requirements and Test Methods
EN 957–2 Stationary Training Equipment—Part 2: Strength Training Equipment, Additional Specific Safety Requirements and
Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 normal operation, n—the operation of the equipment as defined by the manufacturer.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of this document is to provide valid and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of Externally Loaded Strength
Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment assembled and maintained according to
the manufacturer’s specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with Specification F3105 is intended to maximize the
reliability of the equipment’s design and reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design deficiencies.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
F3104 − 21
5. Certification
5.1 These test methods permit self-certification. It is recommended that each manufacturer employ an independent laboratory to
evaluate and validate that their designs and test procedures conform to and comply with these test methods and Specification
F3105.
6. Units of Measure
6.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
7. Sample Preparation
7.1 Assemble and adjust the equipment according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Remove upholstered pads from the sample.
On machines that are fully assembled, verify according to the manufacturer’s instructions that all components are functioning and
that they have been adjusted and aligned properly. Unless otherwise stated, the machine must pass the tests without adjustment
from this initial condition. The equipment shall be provided with the largest amount of weight intended to be used with the
equipment as stated by the manufacturer for the model to be tested.
7.2 The individual test methods will describe any variations or modifications that are required to the test sample.
8. Test Methods and Procedures
8.1 Stability:
8.1.1 This equipment shall be tested with and without the simulated user load in the orientation that is most obviously unstable.
For Type 1 and Type 2 equipment as defined in Specification F3105 the equipment is to be tested with the maximum rated load
as stated by the manufacturer applied to the training weight posts with no additional weight stored on the weight storage posts (if
so equipped). For Type 3 and 4 equipment the equipment is to be tested with a simulated user load and an applied load equal to
the rated lifting load applied to the bench as defined below. Multiple tests will be performed as defined below.
8.1.2 Apparatus and Set-Up—Place sample on a non-skid surface inclined at 10° in the orientation that is least stable. The sample
shall rest on the supporting surface without anchoring. Determine how the user is placed oriented relative to the machine to perform
the exercise (that is, seating, standing, or prone) and then determine how the user’s body weight is distributed onto the user support
surfaces. For the tests that require a user load, apply a load equal to 100 kg (220 lb) simulating the user’s weight and its distribution
in the vertical direction at the point(s) of user contact. The load shall be applied in the most onerous condition for the machine
type being evaluated. As an example, for a seated user, the user support surface shall be adjusted to the uppermost position (if
adjustable) and the center of gravity of the 100 kg (220 lb) load shall be positioned approximately 150 mm (5.9 in.) above the user
support surface. Possible methods of providing this load include, but are not limited to, pneumatic cylinder(s) or dead weights.
Stability is to be evaluated with weight discs applied to one side and both sides of the machine. Determine most onerous condition
and test the equipment in that orientation.
8.1.3 Calibration—Using an angle measuring instrument accurate to within 0.1°, verify the non-skid surface is 10 6 0.5°.
Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm accuracy to within 620 N (4.5 lb) over entire loading range.
8.1.4 Procedure—Test the sample as follows:
8.1.4.1 With the sample machine (no user load applied) positioned on the tilt surface, verify that the sample does not tip over with
the resistance means in the rest position and no weight load on the training weight posts.
8.1.4.2 Using the aforementioned load apparatus, distribute a vertical load equal to 100 kg (220 lb) 6 5 % in a non-impact manner
to the specimen where the user contacts the machine during normal operation. (If only a portion of the user’s body is supported
by the machine during operation, the 100 kg (220 lb) simulated user weight shall be reduced by the appropriate amount.) Load
the maximum rated weight (as stated by the manufacturer) onto the lifting arm, bar or weight support structure and retain the
weights from sliding. Raise and support the lifting arms and weights to simulate the furthest point in the range of travel as
encountered during normal operation of the machine by a user of 1.8 m (74 in.) stature. Verify that the sample does not tip over.
8.1.4.3 Repeat 8.1.4.1 and 8.1.4.2 with the maximum amount of weight only on one side of the lifting arm or weight structure.
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8.1.4.4 Repeat 8.1.4.1 and 8.1.4.2 with the sample oriented in any other directions of potential instability and with weights only
on one side of the lifting arm or weight structure.
8.1.4.5 For Type 3 and 4 equipment load the bench vertically at the point(s) of user contact. The equipment is positioned on the
tilt table in its most unstable orientation. If a seat is present then the seat shall be loaded with 45.5 kg (100 lb) simulating the 100
kg (220 lb) user’s lower body. The applied load to the remainder of the bench is based on the load rating of maximal loads
experienced by the bench [for example: 225 kg (495 lb) of lifting load] plus the upper body weight of the user [54.5 kg (119.9
lb)]. Apply this load to the bench, without inducing a torque to the bench, at the point of user contact with the bench. The load
shall be applied to the bench along its centerline using a 305300 mm (12(11.8 in.) square plate.
8.1.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—In any of the above test conditions, or in any other weight configuration that will be unstable, the sample
shall not tip over.
8.1.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of test 8.1 for measuring stability since
the test result is non-quantitative.
8.2 Adjustable Stops:
8.2.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure that adjustable stops (if required) are present and functional.
8.2.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 7.1.
8.2.3 Calibration—Verify that the measuring device is accurate to 1.5 mm (0.06 in.).
8.2.4 Procedure—Visually confirm that adjustable stops are present on both sides of the machine and that they adjust with minimal
effort. Verify on sled leg press machines that a dead stop is present that stops the lower edge of the carriage at least 266 mm (10.5
in.) from the front edge of the seat pad. Verify on Smith, Squat and Lifting Cage apparatus that one set of stop positions sets the
lifting bar at least 711 mm (28 in.) above the floor when the lifting bar is resting on the adjustable stops. Verify the presence of
a warning label instructing to not place the stops lower than this position when doing squat exercises.
8.2.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—Adjustable stops must be present and function on all Type 2 equipment. Sled leg press machines must
have a dead stop that stops the carriage at least 266 mm (10.5 in.) from the edge of the seat. Smith, Squat, and Lifting Cage
apparatus must have one set of stop position that stops the lifting arm at least 711 mm (28 in.) from the floor and a warning label
must be present on both sides of the machine.
8.2.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of test in 8.2 for adjustable stops since
the test result is non-quantitative.
8.3 Weight Disc Retention:
8.3.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure that the weight discs are retained onto the lifting arms, bar or weight
structure.
8.3.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 7.1.
8.3.3 Calibration—Verify that angle measuring instrument is accurate to within 0.1°.
8.3.4 Procedure—Visually confirm that the weight plates are retained on the lifting structure by the presence of bar clamps, collars,
pins or similar means. If angular placement of the weight posts is the method of retention, then verify that the angle of the weight
post with respect to horizontal is at least 2° throughout the entire range of movement of the lifting structure.
8.3.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—The weight discs shall be retained. The presence of clamps or similar means or angulation of 2° or
greater must be present.
8.3.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of test in 8.3 for evaluating weight disc
retention since the test result is non-quantitative.
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8.4 Weight Disc Spacing – Storage Posts:
8.4.1 This test is a visual inspection of the sample to ensure that the weight storage posts are spaced adequately.
8.4.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 7.1.
8.4.3 Calibration—Verify that the measuring device is accurate to 1 mm (0.04 in.).
8.4.4 Procedure—Place the maximum weight plate size (as recommended by the manufacturer) onto each weight storage post.
Measure the spacing between the weight discs. The spacing shall be 25 mm (0.98 in.) or greater.
8.4.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—The weight stack must begin and end the test in the same rest position and must not move unless it is
displaced intentionally by a lifting force applied to the lifting arm.
8.4.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of test in 8.4 for evaluating weight disc
spacing since the test result is non-quantitative.
8.5 Training Weight Post Loading:
8.5.1 This test is a visual, physical, and functional inspection of the weight posts used to support the training load on the equipment
to ensure that they meet the loading parameters of Specification F3105.
8.5.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 7.1. Determine whether the sample is designed for
consumer or institutional use. Obtain from the manufacturer the maximum load rating for each weight training post. Provide a
means (pneumatic, hydraulic, or similar) for providing a the specified test load vertically downward to the training post that is 6
times the maximum value stated by the manufacturer for institutional equipment and 4 times the maximum value for consumer
equipment.post.
8.5.3 Calibration—Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm accuracy to within 650 N (611 lb).
8.5.4 Procedure—Obtain and record from the manufacturer the maximum load amount that the weight support post is subjected
to during operation of the sample machine. Secure a load application device to the center of the weight support post. The post may
either be pushed or pulled downward with the loading device. Apply a the specified load to the weight post equal to 6 times the
maximum load stated above (for institutional equipment) and 4 times the maximum for consumer equipment. with an 80 mm (3.15
in.) belt. Maintain this load for 5 min. Repeat the test for each of the weight support posts.
8.5.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—If the weight post fails to support the load for 5 minutes or if the weight support post fails structurally
then the weight support post shall fail the test.
8.5.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented about either the precision or bias of test in 8.4 for evaluating training
weight post loading since the test result is non-quantitative.
8.6 Storage Weight Post Loading:
8.6.1 This test is a visual, physical, and functional inspection of the weight posts used for storage on the equipment to ensure that
they meet the loading parameters of Specification F3105.
8.6.2 Apparatus and Set Up—The sample shall be set up as described in 7.1. Determine whether the sample is designed for
consumer or institutional use. Obtain from the manufacturer the maximum load rating for each weight storage post. Provide a
means (pneumatic, hydraulic, or similar) for providing a the specified test load vertically downward to the storage post that is 4
times the maximum value stated by the manufacturer for institutional equipment or 2.5 times the maximum value for consumer
equipment.center of the storage post.
8.6.3 Calibration—Calibrate the load measurement apparatus to confirm accuracy to within 650 N (611 lb).
8.6.4 Procedure—Obtain and record from the manufacturer the maximum load amount that the weight storage post is subjected
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to. Secure a load application device to the center of the weight storage post. The post may either be pushed or pulled vertically
downward with the loading device. Apply a the specified test load to the weight post equal to 4 times the maximum load stated
above (for institutional equipment) and 2.5 times the maximum for consumer equipment. center of the weight post with an 80 mm
(3.15 in.) belt. Maintain this load for 5 min. Repeat the test for each of the weight support posts.
8.6.5 Pass/Fail Criteria—If the weight storage post fails to support the load for 5 minutes or if the weight storage post fails
structurally then the weight storage post shall fail the test.
8.6.6 Precision and Bias—No informa
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