ASTM D1004-94a(2003)

Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Sheeting

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tear resistance of flexible plastic film and sheeting at very low rates of loading, 51 mm [2 in.]/min. This test method is designed to measure the force to initiate tearing. The specimen geometry of this test method produces a stress concentration in a small area of the specimen. The maximum stress, usually found near the outset of tearing, is recorded as the tear resistance in newtons (or pounds-force).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific cautionary statements are given in Note 2.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jan-2003
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1004-94a - Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D1004-03 - Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5047-17 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1593-22 - Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F1742-03(2020) - Standard Specification for PVC Insulating Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1922-23 - Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4068-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Sheeting for Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2103-15 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4551-22 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7176-22 - Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Geomembranes Used in Buried Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7008-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8065/D8065M-16 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Specifying Plastic Films
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F942-18(2023)e1 - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1004 – 94a (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
1
Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
7
2
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tear
resistance of flexible plastic film and sheeting at very low rates
3. Significance and Use
of loading, 51 mm [2 in.]/min. This test method is designed to
3.1 Tear resistance of plastic film or sheeting is a complex
measure the force to initiate tearing. The specimen geometry of
function of its ultimate resistance to rupture. The specimen
this test method produces a stress concentration in a small area
geometry and speed of testing in this test method are controlled
of the specimen. The maximum stress, usually found near the
to produce tearing in a small area of stress concentration at
outset of tearing, is recorded as the tear resistance in newtons
rates far below those usually encountered in service.
(or pounds-force).
3.2 The data of this test method furnish comparative infor-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
mation for ranking the tearing resistance of plastic specimens
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
of similar composition. Actual use performance in tearing of
only.
some plastics may not necessarily correlate with data from this
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 The resistance to tear of plastic film and sheeting, while
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
partly dependent upon thickness, has no simple correlation
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with specimen thickness. Hence, tearing forces measured in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific cautionary
newtons (or pounds-force) cannot be normalized over a wide
statements are given in Note 2.
range of specimen thickness without producing misleading
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
data as to the actual tearing resistance of the material. Data
from this test method are comparable only from specimens
2. Referenced Documents
which vary by no more than 610 % from the nominal or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
average thickness of all specimens tested. Therefore, the
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
tearing resistance is expressed in maximum newtons (or
3
lation
pounds-force) of force to tear the specimen.
4
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3.4 For many materials, there may be a specification that
D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural
4
Sheeting
modifications that take precedence when adhering to the
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material
5
rials
specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-
6
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
fication System D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that
currently exist.
4. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
4.1 Testing Machines—A power-driven machine of either of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved January 10, 2003. Published March 2003. Originally
the two following types shall be used:
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 1994 as D 1004 – 94a.
4.1.1 Static Weighing—Constant Rate of Grip Separation
An ISO equivalency statement has been added since the prior version of this test
Type—Negligible movement of the upper jaw.
method.
2
The following reference may be of interest in connection with this test method: 4.1.2 Pendulum Weighing—Constant Rate of Powered-Grip
Graves, F. L., “The Evaluation of Tear Resistance in Elastomers,” India Rubber
Motion Type—Constant rate of lower jaw movement, variable
World, Vol 111, No. 3, December 1944, pp. 305–308.
upper jaw movement (Note 2). The machine shall conform to
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
6 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Cop
...