ASTM F1546-23

Standard Specification for Fire Hose Nozzles

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns. Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four general construction types, as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; and Type IV. Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general classes, as follows: Class I; Class II; and Class III. Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes. Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, tensile set test, compression set test, accelerated aging test, aging exposure, ultraviolet light-water exposure, discharge calibration test, flow pattern test, flushing test, control tests, corrosion exposure, high temperature test, low temperature test, rough usage test, leakage test, hydrostatic pressure test, operator protection test, and horizontal distance shall be performed to conform with specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2023
• ICS: 13.220.10 - Fire-fighting
• ICS: 23.040.70 - Hoses and hose assemblies
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.07 - General Requirements

Relations

• Refers: ASTM A313/A313M-18 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM A313/A313M-17 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-16 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-15 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-May-2015
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-14 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-13b - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM A313/A313M-13 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-13a - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-13 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-12a - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-12e1 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM A582/A582M-12e1 - Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM A580/A580M-12 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM A582/A582M-12 - Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM B117-11 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011

Overview

ASTM F1546-23: Standard Specification for Fire Hose Nozzles establishes comprehensive requirements for the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles suitable for use with either sea water or fresh water. This standard covers nozzles that can operate in both straight stream and adjustable spray patterns, and is highly relevant to marine and shipboard firefighting operations, as well as other environments where robust, safe, and reliable fire protection equipment is critical.

The specification ensures that fire hose nozzles meet stringent performance and durability criteria, supporting fire safety professionals and organizations with clear guidelines for product integrity and operational reliability.

Key Topics

• Nozzle Classifications: Marine fire hose nozzles are divided into four construction types (Type I-IV) and three classes based on flow characteristics (Class I: constant flow, Class II: constant/select flow, Class III: constant pressure). Two standard sizes are covered: 38 mm and 64 mm.
• Materials and Construction: The standard specifies corrosion-resistant components, restrictions on certain alloys, and requirements for non-metallic materials used in seals and gaskets. Nozzle components must demonstrate durability, compatibility, and resilience to both sea water and fresh water conditions.
• Design Features:
  • Shutoff handles operable with a gloved hand
  • Free swivel couplings for easy hose attachment
  • Optional features like pistol grips and break-apart designs
  • Clearly labeled controls and markings for ease of use and safety
• Testing Protocols:
  • Mechanical and environmental tests, including tensile/elongation, compression, aging, UV exposure, corrosion, and thermal testing
  • Performance tests for flow calibration, spray pattern, flushing, and leakage
  • Durability tests such as impact (rough usage), hydrostatic pressure, and operator protection
  • Quality conformance sampling and certification requirements

Applications

ASTM F1546-23 is widely used in:

• Marine and Shipboard Fire Protection: Ensures fire hose nozzles are reliable in the challenging environments of vessels, offshore facilities, and ports, where exposure to saltwater and marine climate is typical.
• Industrial and Municipal Firefighting: Supports selection and procurement for fire safety equipment in factories, chemical plants, and municipal fire departments that require nozzles with specific operational and durability characteristics.
• Safety Equipment Manufacturing and Procurement: Provides a benchmark for manufacturers designing or producing fire hose nozzles, as well as organizations responsible for specifying, sourcing, and maintaining firefighting hardware.
• International Markets: Developed following globally recognized standardization principles, making it suitable for international trade and compliance with the World Trade Organization TBT Committee guidelines.

Related Standards

Organizations and professionals referencing ASTM F1546-23 often consider the following related standards for comprehensive compliance:

• ASTM A313, A580, A582: Specifications for stainless steel wire and bars used in nozzle construction
• ASTM B117: Salt spray (fog) apparatus operation to test corrosion resistance
• ASTM D395, D412, D572, D1193: Methods for testing the properties of rubber and elastomers used in seals and gaskets
• NFPA 1963: Standards for screw threads and gaskets for fire hose connections

Practical Value

Adhering to ASTM F1546-23 ensures that fire hose nozzles are safe, fit for purpose, and able to perform under extreme and varied environmental conditions. This specification not only promotes user and operator safety but also supports procurement teams and safety managers in making informed, standards-based equipment choices that protect assets and personnel in hazardous environments.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1546 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Fire Hose Nozzles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1546; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and 3.1 Definitions:
testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or 3.1.1 ball shut-off, n—a spray nozzle configuration that
fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray stops the flow of water through the nozzle by rotating the ball
patterns. through which the water flows so that the passage no longer
aligns with the nozzle flow passage.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2 break apart, n—a feature that allows the nozzle tip to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
be disconnected from the nozzle body by virtue of a coupling
standard.
identical to that on the hose end of the nozzle.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 constant flow rate spray nozzle, n—an adjustable
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
pattern nozzle in which the flow is delivered at a designed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
nozzle pressure. At the rated pressure, the nozzle will deliver a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
constant flow rate from straight stream through a wide angle
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
pattern. This is accomplished by maintaining a constant orifice
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
size during flow pattern adjustment.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 constant pressure (automatic) spray nozzle, n—an
adjustable pattern nozzle in which the pressure remains con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stant through a range of flows rates. The constant pressure
A313/A313M Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
provides the velocity for an effective stream reach at various
A580/A580M Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
flow rates. This is accomplished by means of a pressure-
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
activated, self-adjusting orifice baffle.
Steel Bars
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus 3.1.5 constant/select flow rate feature, n—a nozzle feature
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set that allows on-site adjustment of the orifice to change the flow
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas- rate to a predetermined value. The flow rate remains constant
tic Elastomers—Tension throughout the range of pattern selection from straight stream
D572 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and to wide angle spray.
Oxygen
3.1.6 free swivel coupling, n—a coupling between the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
nozzle and hose or between halves of a break-apart nozzle that
2.2 NFPA Standards: is capable of being turned readily by hand; that is, a spanner
wrench is not required to tighten the coupling to prevent
NFPA 1963 Standards for Screw Threads and Gaskets for
Fire Hose Connections leakage.
3.1.7 flush, n—a feature in a nozzle that allows the orifice to
be opened so that small debris that might otherwise be trapped
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships in the nozzle, causing pattern disruptions and flow variation,
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
can pass through. When the flush feature is engaged, the nozzle
General Requirements.
pressure will drop and the pattern will deteriorate.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F1546 – 96 (2018).
3.1.8 lever-type control, n—a control in which the handle
DOI: 10.1520/F1546-23.
operates along the axis of the nozzle.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.9 pistol grip, n—a feature usually available as an attach-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ment that allows a nozzle to be held like a pistol.
the ASTM website.
3.1.10 rated pressure, n—that pressure for which the nozzle
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. is designed to operate at a specified flow rate(s).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1546 − 23
3.1.11 rotational-type control, n—a control that rotates in a 6.1.3.3 Be able to withstand ozone and ultraviolet light
plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle. exposure if used on the external portion of the nozzle.
6.1.4 All materials shall have tensile set of not more than 5
4. Classification
mm as determined in accordance with 6.2.1, and compression
set not more than 15 % as determined in accordance with 6.2.2.
4.1 Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four
general construction types, as follows:
6.2 Specific Requirements for Rubber Sealing Materials:
4.1.1 Type I—Pistol grip, lever-type control operated.
6.2.1 Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation, and Tensile Set
4.1.2 Type II—Nonpistol grip, lever-type control operated.
Tests:
4.1.3 Type III—Break apart, pistol grip, lever-type control
6.2.1.1 Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and tensile set
operated.
shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D412,
4.1.4 Type IV—Break apart, nonpistol grip, lever-type con-
Method A, except that, for tensile set determinations, the
trol operated.
elongation shall be maintained for only 3 min, and the tensile
set shall be measured 3 min after release of the specimen. The
4.2 Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general
elongation of a specimen for a tensile set determination is to be
classes, as follows:
such that the bench marks 25 mm apart become separated to a
4.2.1 Class I—Constant flow rate.
distance of 76 mm.
4.2.2 Class II—Constant/select flow rate.
6.2.1.2 If a specimen breaks outside the bench marks, or if
4.2.3 Class III—Constant pressure.
either the measured tensile strength or ultimate elongation of
4.3 Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes, as
the specimen is less than the required value, an additional
follows:
specimen shall be tested, and those results shall be considered
4.3.1 Size 38 mm, with free swivel base.
final. Results of tests for specimens that break in the curved
4.3.2 Size 64 mm, with free swivel base.
portion just outside the bench marks may be accepted if the
measured strength and elongation values are within the mini-
5. Ordering Information
mum requirements.
5.1 The following shall be specified when ordering:
6.2.2 Compression Set Test:
5.1.1 Quantity,
6.2.2.1 Type I specimens of the material shall be prepared
5.1.2 Type (see 4.1),
and the test conducted in accordance with Test Methods D395,
5.1.3 Class (see 4.2),
Method B. The specimens shall be exposed for 22 h at 22°C.
5.1.4 Size (see 4.3),
6.2.3 Accelerated Aging Test:
5.1.5 Material (see 6.1.2, 9.8.1, and 12), and
6.2.3.1 Specimens shall be prepared in the same manner as
5.1.6 Thread type.
for tensile strength and ultimate elongation and ultimate
elongation tests, except for the bench marks 25 mm apart that
6. Materials and Manufacture
shall be stamped on the specimen after the test exposure. The
6.1 Materials: exposure shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method
D572.
6.1.1 All nozzle components and parts must be durable and
demonstrate satisfactory operation during all performance tests 6.2.3.2 All materials must retain not less than 70 % of the
as-received tensile strength and ultimate elongation after the
in Section 9.
6.1.2 The nozzle body and any metal used in the construc- accelerated aging test.
6.2.4 Silicone rubber (rubber having polyorganosiloxane as
tion of any part of the nozzle shall be corrosion resistant.
Copper alloys containing more than 15 % zinc are prohibited in its characteristic constituent) shall have a tensile strength of not
less than 3.5 MPa and at least 100 % ultimate elongation as
all parts that are in contact with the fluid flow. No aluminum
alloys may be used except for nozzles being operated exclu- determined in accordance with 9.3.2.
6.2.5 Sealing material other than silicone rubber shall have
sively with fresh water. No ferrous material may be used
except for the Type 300 series stainless steel for wire and a tensile strength of not less than 10 MPa and at least 200 %
springs in accordance with Specifications A313/A313M or ultimate elongation as determined in accordance with 6.2.1.
A580/A580M and for screws and pins in accordance with
Specification A582/A582M.
7. Configuration
6.1.3 All nonmetallic materials or synthetic elastomers used
7.1 All nozzles shall consist of the following components
to form a seal or gasket shall have the following properties:
and design:
6.1.3.1 Uniform dimensions,
7.1.1 Nozzle body,
6.1.3.2 Be of such size, shape, and resiliency as to withstand
7.1.2 Free swivel coupling,
ordinary usage and foreign matter carried by water, including
7.1.3 Shutoffs,
petrochemical solvents and high alkaline solutions such as
7.1.4 Shutoff seats,
those used for cleaning nozzles (see 6.2), and
7.1.5 Shutoff handle,
7.1.6 Bumper guard,
7.1.7 Seals,
Nozzle material should be galvanically compatible with the intended fire hose
7.1.8 Flushing feature,
couplings.
Threads should conform to a recognized industry standard such as NFPA 1963. 7.1.9 Pistol grip (optional), and
F1546 − 23
7.1.10 Break apart feature (optional). 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.2 Nozzles shall be provided with a lever-type control 8.1 All parts and assemblies of the nozzle including
shutoff handle which shall be in the closed position when the castings, forgings, molded parts, stampings, bearings, ma-
handle is closest to the discharge end of the nozzle. Lever-type chined surfaces and welded parts shall be clean and free from
control of the flow rate must also be by means of the shutoff sand, dirt, fins, pits, spurs, scale, flux, and other foreign
handle. material. All exposed edges shall be rounded or chamfered.
7.2.1 The inside clearances of the shutoff handle shall be a
9. Design Qualification Tests
minimum of 75 mm wide by 25 mm high.
7.2.2 The shutoff handle shall be of such a size that the
9.1 Four first production run specimens shall be randomly
operator’s hand in a fireman’s glove and closed on the handle
selected and subjected to the tests described in 9.3 through 9.13
does not interfere with the operation of the shutoff handle in
in sequential order.
any position.
9.2 The specimens shall exhibit no permanent deformation
7.3 Spray pattern adjustment shall be by means of rotational
that interferes with their proper operation during any test.
controls. Rotational controls shall traverse from a wide angle
9.3 Nonmetallic components shall be subjected to the fol-
spray pattern to narrow angle, to straight stream in a clockwise
lowing specific testing:
manner when viewed from the hose coupling end of the nozzle.
9.3.1 Aging Exposure:
The wide and narrow angle spray patterns shall be enhanced
with an impinging action by means of a minimum of one and 9.3.1.1 Aging tests shall be performed before all other tests
a maximum of two rows of fixed or rotating teeth concentric to identified in this standard.
the discharge orifice.
9.3.1.2 The specimens shall be subjected to air-oven aging
for 180 days at 70°C and then allowed to cool at least 24 h in
7.4 Nozzles shall have a capability of clearing or flushing
air at 25°C and 50 % relative humidity.
debris from the nozzle without shutting down the hose line.
9.3.1.3 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be
This may be accomplished either through the full open nozzle
inspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure they
position or through a flush feature of the nozzle.
operate properly. Cracking, crazing, or any other condition that
7.4.1 If used, the flush feature shall have a separate control,
interferes with the proper operation of any specimen shall
incorporate a detent, or shall require increased force to operate,
constitute failure of this test.
to indicate to the firefighter when the flush feature is being
9.3.2 Ultraviolet Light-Water Exposure:
engaged.
9.3.2.1 Nozzle designs with exposed nonmetallic parts shall
7.5 All features and controls shall be operable by one hand
be subjected to ultraviolet light and water for 720 h.
of the operator while the other hand is holding the nozzle.
9.3.2.2 The ultraviolet light shall be obtained from two
7.6 A bumper shall be provided at the discharge end of the stationary enclosed carbon-arc lamps. The arc of each lamp is
nozzle for protection against physical damage. The nozzle stem
to be formed between two vertical carbon electrodes, 13 mm in
shall not extend past the bumper in any of the flow positions
diameter, located at the center of a revolvable vertical cylinder,
including flush.
787 mm in diameter and 450 mm in height. Each arc is to be
enclosed with a number PX borosilicate-glass globe. Lamps of
7.7 The pistol grip, if one is provided, shall have four finger
different design such as LED can be used provided they match
notches on the tip side and the minimum span and width shall
the output of light intensity and same UV frequency.
be suitable for use with a hand wearing a typical fireman’s
9.3.2.3 The water shall conform to Type IV water in
glove.
Specification D1193.
7.8 Couplings shall be of a free swivel type.
9.3.2.4 The specimens are to be mounted vertically on the
inside of the revolvable cylinder, arcing the lamps, and the
7.9 Each nozzle shall be provided with a resilient gasket
cylinder continuously revolved around the stationary lamps at
fitted in the nozzle coupling recess. The gasket shall have
1 revolution per minute. A system is to be provided so that each
dimensions in accordance with NFPA 1963. Type III and IV
specimen in turn is sprayed with water as the cylinder revolves.
nozzles shall incorporate an additional gasket to accommodate
During the operating cycle, each specimen is to be exposed to
the break-apart feature.
the light and water spray for 3 min and the light only for 17 min
7.10 Nozzles for use with 38-mm hoses shall weigh not
(total 20 min). The air temperature within the revolving
more than 4.53 kg. Nozzles for use with 64-mm hoses shall
cylinder of the apparatus during operations is to be maintained
weigh not m
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1546 − 96 (Reapproved 2018) F1546 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Fire Hose Nozzles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1546; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh
water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A313/A313M Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
A580/A580M Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D572 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and Oxygen
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2.2 NFPA Standards:
NFPA 1963 Standards for Screw Threads and Gaskets for Fire Hose Connections
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 ball shut-off, n—a spray nozzle configuration that stops the flow of water through the nozzle by rotating the ball through
which the water flows so that the passage no longer aligns with the nozzle flow passage.
3.1.2 break apart, n—a feature that allows the nozzle tip to be disconnected from the nozzle body by virtue of a coupling identical
to that on the hose end of the nozzle.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General
Requirements.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018May 1, 2023. Published October 2018June 2023. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20122018 as
ɛ1
F1546 – 96 (2018). (2012) . DOI: 10.1520/F1546-96R18.10.1520/F1546-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1546 − 23
3.1.3 constant flow rate spray nozzle, n—an adjustable pattern nozzle in which the flow is delivered at a designed nozzle pressure.
At the rated pressure, the nozzle will deliver a constant flow rate from straight stream through a wide angle pattern. This is
accomplished by maintaining a constant orifice size during flow pattern adjustment.
3.1.4 constant pressure (automatic) spray nozzle, n—an adjustable pattern nozzle in which the pressure remains constant through
a range of flows rates. The constant pressure provides the velocity for an effective stream reach at various flow rates. This is
accomplished by means of a pressure-activated, self-adjusting orifice baffle.
3.1.5 constant/select flow rate feature, n—a nozzle feature that allows on-site adjustment of the orifice to change the flow rate to
a predetermined value. The flow rate remains constant throughout the range of pattern selection from straight stream to wide angle
spray.
3.1.6 free swivel coupling, n—a coupling between the nozzle and hose or between halves of a break-apart nozzle that is capable
of being turned readily by hand; that is, a spanner wrench is not required to tighten the coupling to prevent leakage.
3.1.7 flush, n—a feature in a nozzle that allows the orifice to be opened so that small debris that might otherwise be trapped in
the nozzle, causing pattern disruptions and flow variation, can pass through. When the flush feature is engaged, the nozzle pressure
will drop and the pattern will deteriorate.
3.1.8 lever-type control, n—a control in which the handle operates along the axis of the nozzle.
3.1.9 pistol grip, n—a feature usually available as an attachment that allows a nozzle to be held like a pistol.
3.1.10 rated pressure, n—that pressure for which the nozzle is designed to operate at a specified flow rate(s).
3.1.11 rotational-type control, n—a control that rotates in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle.
4. Classification
4.1 Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four general construction types, as follows:
4.1.1 Type I—Pistol grip, lever-type control operated.
4.1.2 Type II—Nonpistol grip, lever-type control operated.
4.1.3 Type III—Break apart, pistol grip, lever-type control operated.
4.1.4 Type IV—Break apart, nonpistol grip, lever-type control operated.
4.2 Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general classes, as follows:
4.2.1 Class I—Constant flow rate.
4.2.2 Class II—Constant/select flow rate.
4.2.3 Class III—Constant pressure.
4.3 Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes, as follows:
4.3.1 Size 38 mm, with free swivel base.
4.3.2 Size 64 mm, with free swivel base.
F1546 − 23
5. Ordering Information
5.1 The following shall be specified when ordering:
5.1.1 Quantity,
5.1.2 Type (see 4.1),
5.1.3 Class (see 4.2),
5.1.4 Size (see 4.3),
5.1.5 Material (see 6.1.2, 9.8.1, and 12), and
5.1.6 Thread type.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Materials:
6.1.1 All nozzle components and parts must be durable and demonstrate satisfactory operation during all performance tests in
Section 9.
6.1.2 The nozzle body and any metal used in the construction of any part of the nozzle shall be corrosion resistant. Copper alloys
containing more than 15 % zinc are prohibited in all parts that are in contact with the fluid flow. No aluminum alloys may be used
except for nozzles being operated exclusively with fresh water. No ferrous material may be used except for the Type 300 series
stainless steel for wire and springs in accordance with Specifications A313/A313M or A580/A580M and for screws and pins in
accordance with Specification A582/A582M.
6.1.3 All nonmetallic materials or synthetic elastomers used to form a seal or gasket shall have the following properties:
6.1.3.1 Uniform dimensions,
6.1.3.2 Be of such size, shape, and resiliency as to withstand ordinary usage and foreign matter carried by water, including
petrochemical solvents and high alkaline solutions such as those used for cleaning nozzles (see 6.2), and
6.1.3.3 Be able to withstand ozone and ultraviolet light exposure if used on the external portion of the nozzle.
6.1.4 All materials shall have tensile set of not more than 5 mm as determined in accordance with 6.2.1, and compression set not
more than 15 % as determined in accordance with 6.2.2.
6.2 Specific Requirements for Rubber Sealing Materials:
6.2.1 Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation, and Tensile Set Tests:
6.2.1.1 Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and tensile set shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D412, Method
A, except that, for tensile set determinations, the elongation shall be maintained for only 3 min, and the tensile set shall be
measured 3 min after release of the specimen. The elongation of a specimen for a tensile set determination is to be such that the
bench marks 25 mm apart become separated to a distance of 76 mm.
6.2.1.2 If a specimen breaks outside the bench marks, or if either the measured tensile strength or ultimate elongation of the
specimen is less than the required value, an additional specimen shall be tested, and those results shall be considered final. Results
of tests for specimens that break in the curved portion just outside the bench marks may be accepted if the measured strength and
elongation values are within the minimum requirements.
Nozzle material should be galvanically compatible with the intended fire hose couplings.
Threads should conform to a recognized industry standard such as NFPA 1963.
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6.2.2 Compression Set Test:
6.2.2.1 Type I specimens of the material shall be prepared and the test conducted in accordance with Test Methods D395, Method
B. The specimens shall be exposed for 22 h at 22°C.
6.2.3 Accelerated Aging Test:
6.2.3.1 Specimens shall be prepared in the same manner as for tensile strength and ultimate elongation and ultimate elongation
tests, except for the bench marks 25 mm apart that shall be stamped on the specimen after the test exposure. The exposure shall
be conducted in accordance with Test Method D572.
6.2.3.2 All materials must retain not less than 70 % of the as-received tensile strength and ultimate elongation after the accelerated
aging test.
6.2.4 Silicone rubber (rubber having polyorganosiloxane as its characteristic constituent) shall have a tensile strength of not less
than 3.5 MPa and at least 100 % ultimate elongation as determined in accordance with 9.3.2.
6.2.5 Sealing material other than silicone rubber shall have a tensile strength of not less than 10 MPa and at least 200 % ultimate
elongation as determined in accordance with 6.2.1.
7. Configuration
7.1 All nozzles shall consist of the following components and design:
7.1.1 Nozzle body,
7.1.2 Free swivel coupling,
7.1.3 Shutoffs,
7.1.4 Shutoff seats,
7.1.5 Shutoff handle,
7.1.6 Bumper guard,
7.1.7 Seals,
7.1.8 Flushing feature,
7.1.9 Pistol grip (optional), and
7.1.10 Break apart feature (optional).
7.2 Nozzles shall be provided with a lever-type control shutoff handle which shall be in the closed position when the handle is
closest to the discharge end of the nozzle. Lever-type control of the flow rate must also be by means of the shutoff handle.
7.2.1 The inside clearances of the shutoff handle shall be a minimum of 75 mm wide by 25 mm high.
7.2.2 The shutoff handle shall be of such a size that the operator’s hand in a fireman’s glove and closed on the handle does not
interfere with the operation of the shutoff handle in any position.
7.3 Spray pattern adjustment shall be by means of rotational controls. Rotational controls shall traverse from a wide angle spray
pattern to narrow angle, to straight stream in a clockwise manner when viewed from the hose coupling end of the nozzle. The wide
and narrow angle spray patterns shall be enhanced with an impinging action by means of a minimum of one and a maximum of
two rows of fixed or rotating teeth concentric to the discharge orifice.
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7.4 Nozzles shall have a capability of clearing or flushing debris from the nozzle without shutting down the hose line. This may
be accomplished either through the full open nozzle position or through a flush feature of the nozzle.
7.4.1 If used, the flush feature shall have a separate control, incorporate a detent, or shall require increased force to operate, to
indicate to the firefighter when the flush feature is being engaged.
7.5 All features and controls shall be operable by one hand of the operator while the other hand is holding the nozzle.
7.6 A bumper shall be provided at the discharge end of the nozzle for protection against physical damage. The nozzle stem shall
not extend past the bumper in any of the flow positions including flush.
7.7 The pistol grip, if one is provided, shall have four finger notches on the tip side and the minimum span and width shall be
suitable for use with a hand wearing a typical fireman’s glove.
7.8 Couplings shall be of a free swivel type.
7.9 Each nozzle shall be provided with a resilient gasket fitted in the nozzle coupling recess. The gasket shall have dimensions
in accordance with NFPA 1963. Type III and IV nozzles shall incorporate an additional gasket to accommodate the break-apart
feature.
7.10 Nozzles for use with 38-mm hoses shall weigh not more than 4.53 kg. Nozzles for use with 64-mm hoses shall weigh not
more than 5.9 kg.
7.11 Shutoff seats shall be self-adjusting or shall be adjustable without disassembly of the nozzle.
7.12 All features which incorporate a stop, detent, separate control, or increased force to engage shall be clearly labeled, including
the open and shutoff positions, pattern selection, and flow rate selection.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
8.1 All parts and assemblies of the nozzle including castings, forgings, molded parts, stampings, bearings, machined surfaces and
welded parts shall be clean and free from sand, dirt, fins, pits, spurs, scale, flux, and other foreign material. All exposed edges shall
be rounded or chamfered.
9. Design Qualification Tests
9.1 Four first production run specimens shall be randomly selected and subjected to the tests described in 9.3 through 9.13 in
sequential order.
9.2 The specimens shall exhibit no permanent deformation that interferes with their proper operation during any test.
9.3 Nonmetallic components shall be subjected to the following specific testing:
9.3.1 Aging Exposure:
9.3.1.1 Aging tests shall be performed before all other tests identified in this standard.
9.3.1.2 The specimens shall be subjected to air-oven aging for 180 days at 70°C and then allowed to cool at least 24 h in air at
25°C and 50 % relative humidity.
9.3.1.3 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be inspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure they operate
properly. Cracking, crazing, or any other condition that interferes with the proper operation of any specimen shall constitute failure
of this test.
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9.3.2 Ultraviolet Light-Water Exposure:
9.3.2.1 Nozzle designs with exposed nonmetallic parts shall be subjected to ultraviolet light and water for 720 h.
9.3.2.2 The ultraviolet light shall be obtained from two stationary enclosed carbon-arc lamps. The arc of each lamp is to be formed
between two vertical carbon electrodes, 13 mm in diameter, located at the center of a revolvable vertical cylinder, 787 mm in
diameter and 450 mm in height. Each arc is to be enclosed with a number PX borosilicate-glass globe. Lamps of different design
such as LED can be used provided they match the output of light intensity and same UV frequency.
9.3.2.3 The water shall conform to Type IV water in Specification D1193.
9.3.2.4 The specimens are to be mounted vertically on the insid
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