ASTM D653-22

Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and many of these terms have been placed in this standard.  
3.2 Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ slightly from those in this terminology standard. Definitions in this terminology standard are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage.  
3.3 See Appendix X1 for References.  
3.4 Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the convenience of the user and were taken directly from the International Society for Rock Mechanics (see X1.3).  
3.5 A number of the definitions include symbols. The symbols appear in italics immediately after the name of the term.  
3.5.1 No significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are given for an individual term.  
3.5.2 The symbols presented are examples; therefore, other symbols are acceptable.  
3.5.3 See Appendix X2 for ISRM Symbols.  
3.6 A number of definitions indicate the units of measurements in brackets and which follow the symbol(s) if given. The applicable units are indicated by italic capital letters, as follows:
D—Dimensionless
F—Force, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton
L—Length, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter4
M—Mass, such as kilogram, gram
T—Time, such as second, minute  
3.6.1 Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.”  
3.6.2 Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for example:
FL−2—may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
LT−1—may be expressed in feet per minu...
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.  
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.  
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2022
• ICS: 01.040.13 - Environment. Health protection. Safety (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.93 - Terminology for Soil, Rock and Contained Fluids

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D5088-20 - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM D7382-20 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Maximum Dry Unit Weight of Granular Soils Using a Vibrating Hammer
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2020
• Refers: ASTM D8298/D8298M-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Erosion Control Products (ECP) Performance in Protecting Slopes from Continuous Rainfall-Induced Erosion Using a Tilted Bed Slope
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D653 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and
Materials.
1. Scope* D1557Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
D1586/D1586MTest Method for Standard Penetration Test
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil,
(SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of
D1883Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are con-
D2166/D2166MTest Method for Unconfined Compressive
tained in Terminology D7099.
Strength of Cohesive Soil
D2419Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Fine Aggregate
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D2435/D2435MTest Methods for One-Dimensional Con-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
solidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D2487Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
2. Referenced Documents (Visual-Manual Procedures)
2
D3282 Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
C143/C143MTest Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
D4043Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
Concrete
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
D4044/D4044MTest Method for (Field Procedure) for In-
C802Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
stantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
Hydraulic Properties of Aquifers
Construction Materials
D4050Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
D558/D558M Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit
and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic
Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
Properties of Aquifer Systems
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
D4104/D4104MPractice for (Analytical Procedures) Deter-
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
mining Transmissivity of Nonleaky ConfinedAquifers by
kN-m/m ))
Overdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in
D854Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
Head (Slug Tests)
Water Pycnometer
D4105/D4105MPractice for (Analytical Procedure) for De-
termining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil leaky ConfinedAquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequi-
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology
librium Method
for Soil, Rock and Contained Fluids.
D4106Practice for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Con-
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D653–21b. DOI:
10.1520/D0653-22.
fined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D4186/D4186MTestMethodforOne-DimensionalConsoli-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
dation Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
theASTM website. Controlled-Strain Loading
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 --------------------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D653 − 21b D653 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
These definitions were prepared jointly by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society for Testing and
Materials.
1. Scope*
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 This terminology standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the various sections of standards
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D7099.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction
Materials
D558/D558M Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D1586/D1586M Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1883 Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
D2166/D2166M Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
D2435/D2435M Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.93 on Terminology for Soil,
Rock and Contained Fluids.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2021November 2022. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as
D653–21a.–21b. DOI: 10.1520/D0653-21B.10.1520/D0653-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D653 − 22
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures)
D3282 Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4044/D4044M Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
Properties of Aquifers
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4104/D4104M Practice for (Analytical Procedures) Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Over-
damped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)
D4105/D4105M Practice for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky
Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4106 Practice for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficien
...