ASTM E7-03

Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography

SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the definition of terms, acronyms, and symbols used in ASTM documents related to the field of metallography and metallographic testing. Terms that are only relevant to a particular standard or that are adequately defined in a general dictionary are not defined in this terminology standard.
1.2 This standard includes terminology used in metallographic areas, such as, but not limited to: light microscopy, microindentation hardness testing, specimen preparation, x-ray and electron metallography, quantitative metallography, photomicrography, and determination of grain size and inclusion content.
1.3 This standard may be of use to individuals utilizing standards of Committee E-4 as well as by those in need of a general reference source for terminology in the field of metallography.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-2003
• ICS: 01.040.77 - Metallurgy (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 77.040.99 - Other methods of testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E04 - Metallography
• Drafting Committee: E04.02 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E7-01 - Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM E7-03(2009) - Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM A1100-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Qualification and Control of Induction Heat Treating
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2014-17 - Standard Guide on Metallographic Laboratory Safety
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E3-11(2017) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E883-11(2017) - Standard Guide for Reflected–Light Photomicrography
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1426-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining the X-Ray Elastic Constants for Use in the Measurement of Residual Stress Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F3122-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2860-20 - Standard Test Method for Residual Stress Measurement by X-Ray Diffraction for Bearing Steels
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2015-04(2021) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Plastics and Polymeric Specimens for Microstructural Examination
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E384-22 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E407-07(2015)e1 - Standard Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1285-21 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Durability of Nuclear, Hazardous, and Mixed Waste Glasses and Multiphase Glass Ceramics: The Product Consistency Test (PCT)
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5596-03(2021) - Standard Test Method for Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2567-16a(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining Nodularity And Nodule Count In Ductile Iron Using Image Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:E7–03
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Metallography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E7; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope Automatic Image Analysis
1.1 This standard covers the definition of terms, acronyms,
3. Significance and Use
and symbols used in ASTM documents related to the field of
3.1 Standards of Committee E-4 consist of test methods,
metallography and metallographic testing. Terms that are only
practices, and guides developed to ensure proper and uniform
relevant to a particular standard or that are adequately defined
testing in the field of metallography. In order for one to
in a general dictionary are not defined in this terminology
properly use and interpret these standards, the terminology
standard.
used in these standards must be understood.
1.2 This standard includes terminology used in metallo-
3.2 The terms used in the field of metallography have
graphic areas, such as, but not limited to: light microscopy,
precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage must
microindentationhardnesstesting,specimenpreparation,x-ray
be completely understood in order to adequately communicate
and electron metallography, quantitative metallography, pho-
in this field. In this respect, this standard is also a general
tomicrography, and determination of grain size and inclusion
source of terminology relating to the field of metallography
content.
facilitating the transfer of information within the field.
1.3 This standard may be of use to individuals utilizing
standards of Committee E-4 as well as by those in need of a
4. Terminology
general reference source for terminology in the field of
absorption—the decrease in intensity which radiation under-
metallography.
goes during its passage through matter when the ratio of
2. Referenced Documents
transmittedorreflectedluminousfluxtoincidentislessthan
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 1.
absorption coefficient—specific factor characteristic of a
E14 Discontinued 1983; Recommended Practice for Ther-
3
mal Analysis of Metals and Alloys substance on which its absorption radiation depends. The
rate of decrease of the natural logarithm of the intensity of a
E45 TestMethodsforDeterminingtheInclusionContentof
Steel parallel beam per unit distance traversed in a substance. For
X-rays, the linear absorption coefficient is the natural loga-
E80 Discontinued 1986; Recommended Practice for
Dilatometric Analysis of Metallic Materials; Replaced by rithm of the ratio of the incident intensity of an X-ray beam
3
incident on unit thickness of an absorbing material to the
E228
E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materi- intensity of the beam transmitted. If I is the incident inten-
e
sity of a beam of X-rays, Ithe transmitted intensity, and X
als
t
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size the thickness of the absorbing material, then:
E1122 Practice for Obtaining JK Inclusion Ratings Using
I 5I exp 2µX (1)
~ !
t e
Hereµisthelinearabsorptioncoefficient.Themassabsorption
coefficient is given by µ/r where r is the density.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E04 on
absorption edge—an abrupt change in absorption coefficient
Metallography and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.02 on
Terminology.
at a particular wavelength. The absorption coefficient is
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
always larger on the short wavelength side of the absorption
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved 2001 as E7–01. DOI: 10.1520/
edge.
E0007-03.
2
absorption limit—See absorption edge.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
accelerating potential—a relatively high voltage applied be-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
tweenthecathodeandanodeofanelectronguntoaccelerate
the ASTM website.
3
electrons.
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E7–03
achromatic—literally, color-free.Alens or prism is said to be Angstrom unit (abbreviation)=A,Å , or A. U—a unit of
−8
achromatic when corrected for two colors. The remaining length equal to 10 cm. This is the standard unit of
color seen in an image formed by such a le
...