ASTM B243-08
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
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Designation:B243–08
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
lurgy terms.
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
2. Referenced Documents 3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Postsinter Treatments:
B331 TestMethodforCompressibilityofMetalPowdersin
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
5. Miscellaneous:
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, character-
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
ization, use, and testing of metal powders.
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.1 Table of Contents
3.1.2 General:
1. Powders:
1001 agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1.0 General, 3.1.2
1002 particulate matter, n—see powder.
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1003 P/M, n—the acronym representing powder metallurgy.
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
Used as P/M Part, P/M Product, P/M Process, and so forth.
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
1004 powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
of metal powders.
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
1005 powder, n—particlesthatareusuallylessthan1000µm
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
(1 mm) in size.
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
1006 metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
alloys, normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
2. Forming:
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
2.0 General, 3.2.1
1101 atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by
2.2 Conditions of Compacting, 3.2.3
mechanical means.
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.4
1102 granulation, n—the production of coarse metal par-
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.5
ticles by pouring the molten metal through a screen into water
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.7
(shotting) or by violent agitation of the molten metal while
2.6 Forging, 3.2.8
solidifying.
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.9
1103 classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions
according to particle size.
3. Sintering:
1104 air classification, n—the separation of powder into
particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
velocity.
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
1105 gas classification, n—the separation of powder into
mittee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B243–06. velocity.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–08
1106 chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal 1214 sponge iron, n—a coherent, porous mass of substan-
from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or tially pure iron produced by solid-state reduction of iron oxide
reagent to the solution. (for example, iron ore or mill scale).
1215 sponge iron powder, n—ground and sized sponge iron,
1107 chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder pro-
duced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts which may have been purified or annealed or both.
either by the addition of another metal higher in the electro- 1216 mixed powder, n—a powder made by mixing two or
motive series or by other reducing agent. more powders as uniformly as possible. The constituent
powders will differ in chemical composition or in particle size
1108 reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced,
or shape, or a combination thereof.
without melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or
1217 premix, n—a uniform mixture of ingredients to a
other compounds.
prescribed analysis, prepared by the powder producer, for
1109 disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to
direct use in compacting powder metallurgy products.
powder.
1218 comminuted powder, n—a powder produced by me-
1110 milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder,
chanical attrition of so
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B243–06 Designation:B243–08
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
3.1.1 Table of Contents
1. Powders:
1.0 General, 3.1.2
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
2. Forming:
2.0 General, 3.2.1
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
2.2 Conditions of Compacting, 3.2.3
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.4
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.5
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.7
2.6 Forging, 3.2.8
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.9
3. Sintering:
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Nov.Feb. 1, 2006.2008. Published December 2006.March 2008. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
B243–05b.B243–06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–08
4. Postsinter Treatments :
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
5. Miscellaneous :
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.2 General:
1001 agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1002 particulate matter, n—see powder.
1003 P/M, n—the acronym representing powder metallurgy. Used as P/M Part, P/M Product, P/M Process, and so forth.
1004 powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of metal powders.
1005 powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
1006 metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys, normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
1101 atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
means.
1102 granulation, n—theproductionofcoarsemetalparticlesbypouringthemoltenmetalthroughascreenintowater(shotting)
or by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
1103 classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions according to particle size.
1104 air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
1105 gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
1106 chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or
reagent to the solution.
1107 chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts either
by the addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series or by other reducing agent.
1108 reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
compounds.
1109 disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to powder.
1110 milling, n—themechanicaltreatmentofmetalpowder,ormetalpowdermixtures,asinaballmill,toalterthesizeorshape
of the individual particles or to coat one component of the mixture with another.
1111 pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal powder by mechanical means, a specific type of disintegration.
3.1.4 Types of Powder:
1201 atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving g
...
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