ASTM B243-08a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
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Designation:B243–08a
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
lurgy terms.
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
2. Referenced Documents 3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Postsinter Treatments:
B331 TestMethodforCompressibilityofMetalPowdersin
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
5. Miscellaneous:
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, character-
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
ization, use, and testing of metal powders.
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.1 Table of Contents
3.1.2 General:
1. Powders:
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1.0 General, 3.1.2
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys,
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
particulate matter, n—see powder.
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
mm) in size.
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
metal powders.
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
2. Forming:
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
2.0 General, 3.2.1
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by
2.2 Conditions of Compacting,
mechanical means.
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
asolutionofitssaltsbytheadditionofanothermetalorreagent
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
to the solution.
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
bythereductionofametalfromasolutionofitssaltseitherby
the addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series
3. Sintering:
or by other reducing agent.
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
according to particle size.
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to
mittee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
powder.
Current edition approved March 15, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B243–08.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–08a
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle premix, n—a uniform mixture of ingredients to a prescribed
size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity. analysis, prepared by the powder producer, for direct use in
compacting powder metallurgy products.
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by
pouringthemoltenmetalthroughascreenintowater(shotting)
sponge iron, n—a coherent, porous mass of substantially
or by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying. pure iron produced by solid-state reduction of iron oxide (for
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or example, iron ore or mill scale).
metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or
sponge iron powder, n—ground and sized sponge iron,
shape of the individual particles or to coat one component of
which may have been purified or annealed or both.
the mixture with another.
spongy, n—a porous condition in metal powder particles
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal
usually observed in reduced oxides.
powderbymechanicalmeans,aspecifictypeofdisintegration.
3.1.5 Shapes of Powder Particles:
reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without
acicular powder, n—needle-shaped particles.
melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
flake powder, n—flat or scale-like particles whose thickness
co
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B243–08 Designation:B243–08a
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
3.1.1 Table of Contents
1. Powders:
1.0 General, 3.1.2
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
2. Forming:
2.0 General, 3.2.1
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
2.2 Conditions of Compacting, 3.2.3
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.4 3.2.3
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.5 3.2.4
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.7 3.2.6
2.6 Forging, 3.2.8 3.2.7
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.9 3.2.8
3. Sintering:
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
4. Postsinter Treatments :
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Feb. 1,March 15, 2008. Published MarchMay 2008. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 as B243–068.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–08a
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
5. Miscellaneous :
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.2 General:
1001 agglomerate, nagglomerate, n —several particles adhering together.
1002 particulate matter, nmetalpowder,n—particlesofelementalmetalsoralloys,normallylessthan1000µm(1mm)insize.
particulate matter, n—see powder.
1003 P/M, n—the acronym representing powder metallurgy. Used as P/M Part, P/M Product, P/M Process, and so forth. PM,
n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
1004 powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of metal powders.
1005 powder, npowder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
1006 metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys, normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
3.1.3Processes to Produce Powder: powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of metal powders.
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
1101 atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
means.
1102 granulation, n—theproductionofcoarsemetalparticlesbypouringthemoltenmetalthroughascreenintowater(shotting)
or by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
1103 classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions according to particle size.
1104 air classification, nair classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of
controlled velocity.
1105 gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
atomization, n —the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical means.
1106 chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or
reagent to the solution.
1107 chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts either
by the addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series or by other reducing agent.
1108 reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
compounds. classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions according to particle siz
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