ASTM E1602-03(2010)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
Standard Guide for Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide can be used by code officials, architects, and other interested parties to evaluate the design and construction of masonry heaters. It is not restricted to a specific method of construction, nor does it provide all specific details of construction of a masonry heater. This guide does provide the principles to be followed for the safe construction of masonry heaters.
This guide is not intended as a complete set of directions for construction of masonry heaters.
Construction of masonry heaters is complex, and in order to ensure their safety and performance, construction shall be done by or under the supervision of a skilled and experienced masonry heater builder.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the design and construction of solid fuel burning masonry heaters. It provides dimensions for site constructed masonry heater components and clearances that have been derived by experience and found to be consistent with the safe installation of those masonry heaters.
1.2 Values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Inch/pound units may be rounded (see ). All dimensions are nominal unless specifically stated otherwise. All clearances listed in this guide are actual dimensions.
1.3 This guide applies to the design and construction of masonry heaters built on-site with the components and materials specified herein. It does not apply to the construction/installation requirements for component systems that have been safety tested and listed. The requirements for listed masonry heater systems are specified in the manufacturer's installation instructions.
1.4 The design and construction of solid fuel burning masonry heaters shall comply with applicable building codes.
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Designation: E1602 − 03 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
Construction of Solid Fuel Burning Masonry Heaters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Footnote 5 was editorially updated in April 2010.
1. Scope E136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical
Tube Furnace at 750°C
1.1 This guide covers the design and construction of solid
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
fuel burning masonry heaters. It provides dimensions for site
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
constructed masonry heater components and clearances that
2.2 UL Standards:
have been derived by experience and found to be consistent
with the safe installation of those masonry heaters. UL 103 Chimneys, Factory Built Residential Type and
Building Heating Appliances
1.2 Values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Inch/poundunitsmayberounded(seeIEEE/ASTMSI-10).All
3. Terminology
dimensions are nominal unless specifically stated otherwise.
All clearances listed in this guide are actual dimensions. 3.1 Terms used in this guide are as defined in Terminology
C11, Definitions C43, Terminology C71, and Classification
1.3 This guide applies to the design and construction of
C401.
masonry heaters built on-site with the components and mate-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rials specified herein. It does not apply to the construction/
3.2.1 approved—acceptable to the authority having jurisdic-
installation requirements for component systems that have
tion.
been safety tested and listed. The requirements for listed
masonry heater systems are specified in the manufacturer’s
3.2.2 authority having jurisdiction—theorganization,office,
installation instructions.
individual, or agent thereof, who is responsible for approving
construction, materials, equipment, installation, procedure, and
1.4 The design and construction of solid fuel burning
so forth. In most cases in which a building permit is required,
masonry heaters shall comply with applicable building codes.
the authority is typically the building official or his agent.
2. Referenced Documents
Where a building permit is not required, the authority is
typically the owner or his agent.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related Building
3.2.3 bypass damper—a valve or plate that provides a direct
Materials and Systems path to the chimney flue for the flue gases or portion thereof.
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products (Withdrawn
3.2.4 capping slab—a horizontal refractory barrier covering
2009)
the top of the masonry heater.
C71 Terminology Relating to Refractories
3.2.5 cleanout opening—an access opening in a flue pas-
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
sageway of the masonry heater or chimney that is designed to
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate
allow access to the flue for purposes of inspecting for and
Castable Refractories
removal of ash, soot, and other extraneous matter that may
become trapped.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance
3.2.6 damper—an adjustable valve or plate for controlling
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid Fuel
draft or the flow of gases, including air.
Burning Appliances.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally
3.2.7 firebox (firechamber)—that portion of the masonry
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1602 – 03. DOI:
heater that is designed for containing and burning the fuel
10.1520/E1602-03R10.
charge.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,
www.astm.org. Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http://www.ul.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1602 − 03 (2010)
3.2.8 gas slot—a small fixed opening that provides a bypass mable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials reported
for unburned flue gases, and is a critical safety feature in as passing the requirements of Test Method E136 are, for the
certainmasonryheaterdesigns(namelythoseoftheGrundofen purpose of this guide, considered noncombustible.
type with vertical flue runs) (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig.
3.2.19 soapstone—a variety of natural stone (hydrated silica
6).
of magnesium) that is suitable for high-temperature applica-
3.2.9 hearth extension—the noncombustible surfacing ap- tions in masonry heaters.
plied to the floor area extending in front of and beyond each
3.2.20 wing wall—a noncombustible lateral projection from
sideofthefuelloadingdoorofthemasonryheater;alsoapplies
the exterior wall of a masonry heater for use in bridging the
to the floor beneath a masonry heater or beneath an elevated
space between a masonry heater and a combustible partition
overhanging masonry heater hearth.
wall.
3.2.10 masonry heater base—that portion of the support for
the masonry heater, between the masonry heater and the 4. Significance and Use
foundation, that is below the firebox or the heat exchange
4.1 This guide can be used by code officials, architects, and
areas.
other interested parties to evaluate the design and construction
3.2.11 heat-exchange flue channel—a chamber or passage- of masonry heaters. It is not restricted to a specific method of
way between the firebox and the chimney flue in which heat
construction, nor does it provide all specific details of con-
resulting directly from combustion of fuel is transferred to the struction of a masonry heater. This guide does provide the
surrounding masonry. principles to be followed for the safe construction of masonry
heaters.
3.2.12 kachel—a European term used to describe a masonry
heater tile; a refractory ceramic tile intended for the outer wall
4.2 Thisguideisnotintendedasacompletesetofdirections
of a masonry heater that is designed specifically to store and
for construction of masonry heaters.
transfer heat.
4.3 Construction of masonry heaters is complex, and in
3.2.13 listed—equipment or materials included in a list
ordertoensuretheirsafetyandperformance,constructionshall
published by an organization concerned with product evalua-
be done by or under the supervision of a skilled and experi-
tion acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction to conduct
enced masonry heater builder.
periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or
materials and whole listing states either that the equipment or
5. Requirements
materials meet appropriate standards or have been tested and
5.1 Foundation—Masonry heater foundations and founda-
found suitable for use in a specified manner.
tion walls shall meet local building codes for standard masonry
3.2.14 masonry heater—a vented heating system of pre-
fireplaces and shall be designed with consideration given to the
dominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800
mass and size of the masonry heater.
kg (1760 lbs), excluding the chimney and masonry heater base.
5.2 Clearance from Combustibles—Clearances shall be in
In particular, a masonry heater is designed specifically to
conformance with this section, as illustrated in Fig. 4.
capture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy from
5.2.1 Clearance from Foundation—All combustible struc-
a solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater through
tural framing members shall have a clearance of not less than
internal heat exchange flue channels, enable a charge of solid
50 mm (2 in.) from the masonry heater foundation.
fuel mixed with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly and
5.2.2 Clearance from Fuel-Loading Door—Maintain a
more completely at high temperatures in order to reduce
minimum clearance of 1200 mm (48 in.) from combustible
emission of unburned hydrocarbons, and be constructed of
materials to fuel-loading doors, unless an engineered protec-
sufficient mass and surface area such that under normal
tion system as specified in 5.2.2.1 is provided, except for
operating conditions, the external surface temperature of the
clearance directly in front of fuel-loading doors. A minimum
masonry heater (except in the region immediately surrounding
clearance of 1200 mm (48 in.) shall be maintained in front of
the fuel loading door(s)), does not exceed 110°C (230°F).
fuel-loadingdoors.Thisdimensionshallnotbereducedforany
3.2.15 mortar, masonry—a mixture of cementitious materi-
reason.
als (consisting of Portland or blended cement and hydrated
5.2.2.1 Clearance from fuel-loading doors to combustible
lime, masonry cement, masonry cement and Portland cement,
materials may be reduced, other than in front of fuel-loading
or masonry cement and blended cement), fine aggregate, and
doors,ifthecombustiblematerialisprotectedbyanengineered
sufficient water to produce a workable consistency (see Speci-
fication C270).
3.2.16 mortar, fire clay—mortar consisting of fine aggregate
Organizations that represent a body of knowledge on masonry heater construc-
and fire clay as a binding agent.
tion and qualified builders include: The Masonry Heater Association of North
America, 2180 S. Flying Q Lane Tucson, AZ 85731, Richard (Dick) Smith,
3.2.17 mortar,soapstonerefractory—amixtureofpowdered
Executive Director, execdir@mha-net.org or mha.association@yahoo.com (e-mail),
soapstone and sodium silicate.
520-883-0191 (phone), www.mha-net,org; The Alliance of Masonry Heater and
Oven Professionals, www.masonryheaters.org, Ken Matesz, Secretary,
3.2.18 noncombustible material—a material that, in the
amhopinc@gmail.com (e-mail); and Masonry Heater Caucus, Hearth, Patio and
form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated,
Barbecue Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Suite 600, Arlington, Va. 22209,
does not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flam- 703-522-0086 (phone), 703-522-0548 (fax).
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E1602 − 03 (2010)
FIG. 1 Vertical Channel Masonry Heater (Russian)
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E1602 − 03 (2010)
FIG. 2 Horizontal Channel Masonry Heater (Russian)
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E1602 − 03 (2010)
FIG. 3 Combination Vertical and Horizontal Channel Masonry Heater (German)
protection system acceptable to the authority having jurisdic- 5.2.3 Clearance from Rear, Side, and Front Walls—
tion. Engineered systems installed for
...
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