ASTM B821-92(1997)

Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle size analysis instruments. This guide describes a general procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also lists procedures that are currently in general use for certain materials.
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal compounds. However, the general procedure described herein may be used, with caution as to its significance, for other particulate materials, such as ceramics, pigments, minerals, etc.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-1997
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM B821-02 - Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E3340-22 - Standard Guide for Development of Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analysis Methods for Powder Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E2651-19 - Standard Guide for Powder Particle Size Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM B822-20 - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E3338-22 - Standard Guide for Size and Shape of Solid Particles, Liquid Droplets, and Gas Bubbles, Dynamically Conveyed, Using a Dynamic Imaging Analyzer
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM B761-17(2021) - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring of Gravity Sedimentation
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM B859-21 - Standard Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F3560-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Data – Common Exchange Format for Particle Size Analysis by Light Scattering
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 821 – 92 (Reapproved 1997)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related
Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope significant effect on the results of a particle size distribution
analysis. The analysis will show a too-coarse, unstable, or
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal
nonrepeatable distribution if the powder has not been dispersed
powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle
adequately. It is therefore important that parties wishing to
size analysis instruments. This guide describes a general
compare their analyses use the same dispersion technique.
procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also
4.2 This guide provides established powder dispersion tech-
lists procedures that are currently in general use for certain
niques for certain materials and the means of deriving tech-
materials.
niques for materials not listed. It shall be used by all parties
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal
performing liquid-dispersed particle size analysis of all of the
compounds. However, the general procedure described herein
materials covered by this guide (see 1.1, 1.2, and 4.1).
may be used, with caution as to its significance, for other
4.3 This guide shall be used in the preparation of powders
particulate materials, such as ceramics, pigments, minerals, etc.
for use in Test Methods B 430, B 761, and B 822 and other
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
procedures that analyze metal powder particle size distribu-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
tions in liquid-dispersed systems.
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Microscope, suitable for observation of particles in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
size range of 5 to 1000 μm.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Ultrasonic Probe, ⁄2 -in. (25.4-mm) tip, with the power
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
level to be determined by this guide.
2. Referenced Documents 5.3 Ultrasonic Bath—Power level to be determined by this
guide.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
6. Reagents
B 430 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Refrac-
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
tory Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Turbidim-
2 used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
etry
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
B 761 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Refrac-
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society.
tory Metals and Their Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring
2 Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that
of Gravity Sedimentation
the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use
B 822 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal
2 without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
6.2 Surfactants—Suggested surfactants are listed in Table 1
, ,
4 5 6
3. Terminology and footnotes 4 through 6.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
can be found in Terminology B 243.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
4. Significance and Use
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
4.1 The method of powder dispersion in a liquid has a
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
MD.
1 4
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-9 on Metal Powders Allen, T., Particle Size Measurement, 4th Edition, Chapman and Hall, London,
and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02 UK, 1991.
on Base Metal Powders. Nelson, R. D., Dispersing Powders in Liquids, Elsevier, New York, NY, 1988.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1992. Published May 1992. SediGraph 5000ET Instruction Manual, Micromeritics Corporation, Norcross,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05. GA, 1984, pp. A-28 to A-31.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 821
TABLE 1 Recommended Dispersion Procedures
Ultrasonic
Treatment
Carrier Surfactant
Material Surfactant
Liquid Concentration
Power
Type Time, min
Level, W
Chromium carbide water none . none . .
A
or
bath 25 5
B C
Copper water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B
Ferroalloys isopropyl alcohol Tween 21 10 % bath 80 1
B C
Iron/steel water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B C
Manganese sulfide water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
Molybdenum water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
A
or
bath 25 5
B C
Nickel water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
Tantalum water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
Tantalum carbide water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
A
or
bath 25 5
Tungsten water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
A
or
bath 25 5
Tungsten carbide water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % probe 160 3
or
bath 80 10
A
or
bath 25 5
A
As described in Test Method B 430.
B 6
Tween 21, chemically known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, is available from ICI Am
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