ASTM D445-97

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, , of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, n, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity,p , by the density,v , of the liquid.
Note 1--For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jan-2001
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM D7417-17 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using Particular Four-Part Integrated Tester (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Viscosity, and Laser Particle Counter)
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7468-22 - Standard Test Method for Cummins ISM Test
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7887-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous, Liquid Filling Substances for Packagings Subjected to the United Nations Performance Tests
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7844-22a - Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4878-23 - Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Polyols
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8164-21 - Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricant Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8047-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5966-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4732-13(2020) - Standard Specification for Cool-Application Filling Compounds for Telecommunications Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D446-12(2017) - Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4652-20 - Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 445 – 97 An American National Standard
British Standard 2000: Part 71:1990
Designation: 71S1/97
Standard Test Method for
Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
1
(the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with
established procedures.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nation of the kinematic viscosity, n, of liquid petroleum
products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time
2. Referenced Documents
for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, h,
D 446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, n,by
2
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
the density, r, of the liquid.
3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity
D 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.
2
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent
D 1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pyc-
2
to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates
nometer
are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the
D 1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicap-
2
results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary
illary Pycnometer
diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel
D 2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
4
oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian
(Bitumens)
behavior, have been included.
D 2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum
4
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test
Capillary Viscometer
2
method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm /s (see Table A1.1) at all
D 6074 Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant
5
temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been
Base Oils
6
determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.
E 77 Test Method for the Inspection and Verification of
6
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Thermometers
7
standard.
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO Guide 25—General Requirements for the Calibration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Testing Laboratories
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
D02.07 on Flow Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
5
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published September 1998. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
6
published as D 445 – 37T. Last previous edition D 445 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
7
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Committee. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D 445
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque to the use of only those viscometers listed in Table A1.1. Annex
Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal- A1 gives further guidance.
culation of Dynamic Viscosity
6.1.2 Automation—Automated viscometers, which have
ISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers—
been shown to determine kinematic viscosity within the limits
Specification and Operating Instructions
of precision given in Section 16 ar
...