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ASTM D4448-01

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells

Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers sampling equipment and procedures and "in the field" preservation, and it does not include well location, depth, well development, design and construction, screening, or analytical procedures that also have a significant bearing on sampling results.This guide is intended to assist a knowledgeable professional in the selection of equipment for obtaining representative samples from ground-water monitoring wells that are compatible with the formations being sampled, the site hydrogeology, and the end use of the data.
1.2 This guide is only intended to provide a review of many of the most commonly used methods for collecting ground-water quality samples from monitoring wells and is not intended to serve as a ground-water monitoring plan for any specific application. Because of the large and ever increasing number of options available, no single guide can be viewed as comprehensive. The practitioner must make every effort to ensure that the methods used, whether or not they are addressed in this guide, are adequate to satisfy the monitoring objectives at each site.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2001
ICS
13.060.10 - Water of natural resources
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.02 - Sampling Techniques
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4448-85a(1992) - Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D4448-01(2007) - Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
Effective Date
15-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6001/D6001M-20 - Standard Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7100-11(2020) - Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D8083-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Total Nitrogen, and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) by Calculation, in Water by High Temperature Catalytic Combustion and Chemiluminescence Detection
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D8456-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrosamines in Water by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6063-11(2018) - Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5811-20 - Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5174-23 - Standard Test Method for Trace Uranium in Water by Pulsed-Laser Phosphorimetry
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3649-23 - Standard Practice for High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Water
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7535-09(2015) - Standard Test Method for Lead-210 in Water
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7168-21 - Standard Test Method for <sup>99</sup>Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7353-21 - Standard Practice for Sampling of Liquids in Waste Management Activities Using a Peristaltic Pump
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4785-20 - Standard Test Method for Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001

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ASTM D4448-01 - Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4448–01
Standard Guide for
1
Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4448; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 5088 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment
Used at Waste Sites
1.1 This guide covers sampling equipment and procedures
D 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
and “in the field” preservation, and it does not include well
Related to Waste ManagementActivities: Development of
location, depth, well development, design and construction,
Data Quality Objectives
screening, or analytical procedures that also have a significant
D 5903 Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwa-
bearing on sampling results.This guide is intended to assist a
ter Sampling Event
knowledgeable professional in the selection of equipment for
D 6089 Guide for Documenting a Ground-Water Sampling
obtaining representative samples from ground-water monitor-
Event
ing wells that are compatible with the formations being
D 6452 Guide for Purging Methods for Wells Used for
sampled, the site hydrogeology, and the end use of the data.
Ground-Water Quality Investigations
1.2 This guide is only intended to provide a review of many
D 6517 Guide for Field Preservation of Ground-Water
of the most commonly used methods for collecting ground-
Samples
water quality samples from monitoring wells and is not
2.2 EPA Standards:
intended to serve as a ground-water monitoring plan for any
EPA Method 9020A
specific application. Because of the large and ever increasing
EPA Method 9022
number of options available, no single guide can be viewed as
comprehensive. The practitioner must make every effort to
3. Terminology
ensure that the methods used, whether or not they are ad-
3.1 Definitions:
dressed in this guide, are adequate to satisfy the monitoring
3.1.1 low-flow sampling—a ground water sampling tech-
objectives at each site.
nique where the purge and sampling rates do not result in
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
significant changes in formation seepage velocity.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
3.1.2 minimal purge sampling—the collection of ground
information only.
water that is representative of the formation by purging only
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
thevolumeofwatercontainedbythesamplingequipment(that
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is, tubing, pump bladder).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This sampling method should be con-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sidered in situations where very low yield is a consideration
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and results from this sampling method should be scrutinized to
2. Referenced Documents confirm that they meet data quality objectives (DQOs) and the
2
work plan objectives.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 passive sampling—the collection of ground-water
D 4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
quality data so as to induce no hydraulic stress on the aquifer.
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
3.1.4 water quality indicator parameters—refer to field
Well)
monitoring parameters that include but are not limited to pH,
specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction
potential, temperature, and turbidity that are used to monitor
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
the completeness of purging.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on
Sampling Techniques.
4. Summary of Guide
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally
published as D 4448–85. Last previous edition D 4448–85a (1992).
4.1 The equipment and procedures used for sampling a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
monitoring well depend on many factors. These include, but
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
are not limited to: the design and construction of the well, rate
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of ground-water flow, and the chemical species of interest.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4448–01
Sampling procedures may be different if analyses for trace organics are different from those to be taken in sampling for
organics,
...

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Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells

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5.1 The quality of ground water has become an issue of national concern. Ground-water monitoring wells are one of the more important tools for evaluating the quality of ground water, delineating contamination plumes, and establishing the integrity of hazardous material management facilities.  
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ABSTRACT
This guide covers what and how information should be recorded in the field when sampling a ground-water monitoring well. This guide is limited to written documentation of a ground-water sampling event. When sampling ground-water monitoring wells, it is very important to thoroughly document all field activities. It is important to record procedures used and measurements immediately after they have been accomplished and are fresh in the memory. The format of the documentation is discretionary, but should be consistent from well to well and in accordance with regulatory requirements.
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers what and how information should be recorded in the field when sampling a groundwater monitoring well. Following these recommendations will provide adequate documentation in most monitoring programs. In some situations, it may be necessary to record additional or different information, or both, to thoroughly document the sampling event. In other cases, it may not be necessary to record all of the information recommended in this guide. The level of documentation will be based on site-specific conditions and regulatory requirements.  
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SCOPE
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4.1 Purging is done for a variety of reasons and the purging method may depend on the hydrogeologic setting, condition of the well, or the contaminants of interest and well production rates. well hydrological conditions, condition of the well, or the contaminants of interest, and well production rates. This guide presents an approach for selecting an appropriate purging method if purging is to be performed., Water above the screened interval or open borehole may not accurately reflect ambient ground water chemistry.
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the criteria for the laboratory verification of Hydrodynamic Separators (HDS) as it relates to the removal of suspended solids in stormwater runoff.  
1.2 HDS manufactured treatment devices are placed as offline or online treatment devices along storm drain pipe lines to remove suspended solids and associated pollutants from stormwater runoff. These devices may be used to target removal of other pollutants which are not covered in this standard. The criteria in this standard specifically relate to the removal of silica particles in controlled laboratory conditions, which is considered an appropriate surrogate for predicting the removal of stormwater solids from actual stormwater runoff.  
1.3 This practice provides guidelines for independent regulatory entities, collectively referred to as Authority Having Jurisdictions (AHJs), to streamline data requirements for the certification of HDS devices within their jurisdiction. For any given AHJ, additional criteria may also apply.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except for methods to establish and report sediment concentration and particle size. It is convention to exclusively describe sediment concentration in mg/L and particle size in mm or μm, both of which are SI units. The SI units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound units shall not be regarded as non-conformance with this test method.  
1.5 Acceptance of test results attained according to this specification may be subject to specific requirements set by a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), a specific verification protocol, or AHJ. It is advised to review one or all of the above to ensure compliance.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This practice is also intended to ensure that the data resulting from completion of testing in accordance with the ASTM test methods referenced herein can be utilized to satisfy the requirements of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s manufactured treatment device (MTD) certification process.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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