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ASTM C1510-01(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry

Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of ceramic glazes and related whitewares are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by reflectance spectrophotometry using a hemispherical optical measuring system.
This test method is especially suitable for measurement of the following types of specimens for the indicated uses(See Practice E805.):
All types of ceramic glaze and related whiteware specimens to obtain data for use in computer colorant formulation.
Ceramic glaze and related whiteware specimens for color assessment.
For the measurement of plane-surface high-gloss specimens, the specular component should generally be excluded during the measurement.
For the measurement of plane-surface intermediate-gloss (satin) specimens, where the first-surface reflection component may be distributed over a wide range of angles, measurement may be made with the specular component included, but the resulting color coordinates may not correlate best with visual judgments of the color. Measurement with specular excluded may lead to better correlations.
For the measurement of plane-surface, low-gloss (matte) specimens, the specular component may either be excluded or included, as no significant difference in the results should be apparent.
An estimate of gloss may be obtained by measuring the reflection both with the specular component of reflection included and excluded, and then calculating the difference between the two measurements at several wavelengths across the visible spectrum, as described in 10.2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the reflection properties and color of ceramic glazes and other whitewares by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere.
1.2 The test method is suitable for use with most specimens having an exterior flat surface large enough to cover the spectrophotometer sample port.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2012
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.03 - Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1510-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012

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ASTM C1510-01(2012) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged SpectrophotometryASTM C1510-01(2012) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
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ASTM C1510-01(2012) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1510 − 01(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged
Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1510; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
Color Evaluation
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measure-
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
ment of the reflection properties and color of ceramic glazes
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
and other whitewares by the use of a spectrophotometer or
spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring
3. Terminology
system, such as an integrating sphere.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The test method is suitable for use with most specimens
3.1.1 The definitions in Guide E179, Terminologies C242
having an exterior flat surface large enough to cover the
and E284, and Practice E1164 are applicable to this test
spectrophotometer sample port.
method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reflectance factors of reflecting ceramic glazes or related
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
whiteware specimens by using a spectrophotometer or spec-
trocolorimeter equipped with a hemispherical optical measur-
2. Referenced Documents
ing system such as an integrating sphere. (See Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1331.)
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
4.2 This test method includes procedures for calibrating the
Products
instrument and for selecting specimens suitable for precision
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
measurement.
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
Coordinates
4.3 Most modern spectrophotometers have the capacity to
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for compute the color coordinates of the specimen immediately
Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
following the measurement. When this is the case, the user
of Materials (Withdrawn 2012) must select the color system, observer, and illuminant (Practice
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308, Section 6).
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
the CIE System 5. Significance and Use
E805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of
5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining
Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
the color coordinates of ceramic glazes and related whitewares
are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or
colorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
such measurement by reflectance spectrophotometry using a
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
hemispherical optical measuring system.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
approvedin2001.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asC1510–01(2007).DOI:
5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurement
10.1520/C1510-01R12.
of the following types of specimens for the indicated uses(See
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Practice E805.):
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.2.1 All types of ceramic glaze and related whiteware
the ASTM website.
specimens to obtain data for use in computer colorant formu-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. lation.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1510 − 01 (2012)
5.2.2 Ceramic glaze and related whiteware specimens for 8.3 Calibrate the full-scale value of the reflectance scale of
color assessment. the instrument by use of the white reflectance standard (man-
5.2.2.1 For the measurement of plane-surface high-gloss datory). This should be done every time the instrument is
specimens, the specular component should generally be ex- started up. Follow the instrument manufacturer’s instructions.
cluded during the measurement.
8.4 Verifytheaccuracyoftheinstrumentaldatabymeasure-
5.2.2.2 For the measurement of plane-surface intermediate-
ment of a series of verification standards (recommended)
gloss (satin) specimens, where the first-surface reflection
(Practice E1164, 9.5). Select the appropriate color scales,
component may be distributed over a wide range of angles,
observer, and illuminant for the computation of color coordi-
measurement may be made with the specular component
nates before measurement.
included, but the resulting color coordinates may not correlate
best with visual judgments of the color. Measurement with
9. Procedure
specular excluded may lead to better correlations.
9.1 Select inclusion or exclusion of the specular component
5.2.2.3 For the measurement of plane-surface, low-gloss
of reflection.
(matte) specimens, the specular component may either be
excluded or included, as no significant difference in the results
9.2 When required, select the color scales, observer, and
should be apparent.
illuminant for the computation of color coordinates (Practice
E308, Section 6). For most applications, the CIELAB (L*, a*,
5.3 An estimate of gloss may be obtained by measuring the
b*) color scale, 10° observer, and D illuminant is recom-
reflection both with the specular component of reflection 65
mended.
included and excluded, and then calculating the difference
between the two measurements at several wavelengths across
9.3 Select other options, such as wavelength range and
the visible spectrum, as described in 10.2.
interval, when required. Follow instrument manufacturer’s
instructions or specified procedures.
6. Apparat
...

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5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead, in homogeneous polymeric materials. The test method may be used to ascertain the conformance of the product under test to manufacturing specifications. Typical time for a measurement is 5 to 10 min per specimen, depending on the specimen matrix and the capabilities of the EDXRF spectrometer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometric procedure for identification and quantification of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to determine total concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) or hexavalent chromium. This test method cannot be used to determine the valence states of atoms or ions.  
1.3 This test method is applicable for a range from 20 mg/kg to approximately 1 wt % for chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.  
1.4 This test method is applicable for homogeneous polymeric material.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This test method is not applicable to quantitative determinations for specimens with one or more surface coatings present on the analyzed surface; however, qualitative information may be obtained. In addition, specimens less than infinitely thick for the measured X rays, must not be coated on the reverse side or mounted on a substrate.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4626-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804, D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C6 to C11 n-paraffins using n-C12 as the diluent.  
5.2 In practice, response factors are used to correct peak areas to a common base prior to final calculation of the sample composition. The response factors calculated in this practice are “multipliers” and prior to final calculation of the results the area obtained for each compound in the sample should be multiplied by the response factor determined for that compound.  
5.3 It has been determined that values for response factors will vary with individual installations. This may be caused by variations in instrument design, columns, and experimental techniques. It is necessary that chromatographs be individually calibrated to obtain the most accurate data.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C6 through C11  paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off