ASTM B214-07(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The particle size distribution of a metal powder affects its behavior in P/M processing and other applications of these materials. The test method may be part of the purchase agreement between powder supplier and user, or it may be an internal quality control test for either.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the dry sieve analysis of metal powders or mixed powders, using sieves with openings ranging from 45 to 1000 micrometers.
1.2 This test method is based on a particular type of mechanical sieve shaker (see 5.2). Other types of sieve shakers are also available, but their precision and reproducibility have not been determined.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: B214 − 07(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the dry sieve analysis of metal
E1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,
powdersormixedpowders,usingsieveswithopeningsranging
and Screening Media
from 45 to 1000 micrometers.
2.2 MPIF Standard:
1.2 This test method is based on a particular type of
MPIF 05 Determination of Sieve Analysis of Metal Pow-
mechanical sieve shaker (see 5.2). Other types of sieve shakers
ders
are also available, but their precision and reproducibility have
not been determined.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions—Usefuldefinitionsoftermsrelatingtopow-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
der metallurgy are found in B243 and those relating to sieve
only.
analysis are found in E1638.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The particle size distribution of a metal powder affects
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
its behavior in P/M processing and other applications of these
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
materials. The test method may be part of the purchase
agreement between powder supplier and user, or it may be an
2. Referenced Documents
internal quality control test for either.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Apparatus
B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing
5.1 Sieves—Select a set of standard sieves from the table
Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders entitled, “Nominal Dimensions, Permissible Variations for
Wire Cloth of Standard Test Sieves (U.S.A.) Standard Sieves,”
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
of Specification E11, or the equivalent Tyler standard sieves.
B329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
The sieves shall be 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter and either 25 or
and Compounds Using the Scott Volumeter
50 mm (1 or 2 in.) in depth, and fitted with bronze, brass,
B417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-
Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel stainless steel, or other suitable wire cloth. The U.S. sieves
given in the table entitled, “U.S. Standard Series Test Sieves
B703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powders
and Related Compounds Using the Arnold Meter and Equivalent Tyler Standard Sieves,” of this test method
shall conform to Specification E11. If Tyler standard sieves are
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves substituted, they shall conform to the permissible variations
given in the table entitled, “Nominal Dimensions, Permissible
Variations for Wire Cloth of Standard Test Sieves (U.S.A.)
Standard Sieves” of Specification E11.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
NOTE 1—The new U.S. Series standard sieves, adopted in 1970, are the
tee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
preferred sieves to use.The old U.S. Series standard sieves and equivalent
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally
sieves manufactured by other companies, such as Tyler, may also be used
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as B214 – 07. DOI:
if the new U.S. Series is not available. Care should be taken to make sure
10.1520/B0214-07R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Road
the ASTM website. East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.mpif.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B214 − 07 (2011)
that sieve opening sizes are correct when performing standardization
7.3 Remove the screened fractions from the nest of sieves
work.
by removing the coarsest sieve from the nest, gently tapping its
contents to one side and pouring them upon a glazed paper.
Brush any material adhering to the bottom surface of the sieve
TABLE 1 U.S. Standard Series Test Sieves and Equivalent Tyler
and the lower frame with a soft brush into the next finer sieve.
Standard Sieves
Tap the sieve just removed upside down, on the paper
Sieve Opening (µm)
Sieve
containing the portion that had been retained on it, and brush
New U.S. Old U.S.
Number
Tyler Series
the back side of the sieve with the flat side of the brush so as
Series Series
to dislodge any particles that may have been wedged in the
20 850 841 833
35 — — 417
screen openings, by pushing to the upper side of the screen.
40 425 420 —
Weigh this fraction to the nearest 0.1 g and remove it from the
60 250 250 250
80 180 177 175 balance. Repeat this process for each sieve in the nest. Remove
100 150 149 147
the fraction collected in the pan and weigh. The sum of the
140 106 105 —
masses of all the fractions shall be not less than 99 % of the
150 — — 104
mass of the test specimen.Add the difference between this sum
200 75 74 74
230 63 63 —
and the mass of the test specimen (in accordance with Section
250 — — 63
6) to the mass of the fraction collected in the pan.
325 45 44 45
NOTE4—Ifthesumislessthan99 %,checktheconditionofthescreens
and the pan and also check for possible errors in weighing. Repeat the test
if error persists.
5.2 Sieve Shaker— A mechanically operated, single eccen-
8. Report
tric sieve shaker shall be used that imparts to the set of sieves
a rotary motion and a tapping action of uniform speed. The
8.1 Express the masses of the fractions retained on each
number of rotations per minute shall be between 270 and 300.
sieve, and the mass of the fraction collected in the pan, as
The number of taps per minute shall be between 140 and 160.
percentages of the mass of the test specimen to the nearest
The hold down arm of the sieve shaker shall be fitted with a
0.1 %, and report them in the form shown in Table 2. Report
shock absorbing plug to receive the impact of the tapping
any fraction that is less than 0.1 % of the mass of the test
device. The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted by
specimen as “trace.” If a fraction is absent, report it as “0.0”.
bolting to a solid foundation, preferably of concrete.
Report the actual time period of sieving, if it is different than
15 minutes.
NOTE 2—Use of a sound proof enclosure is recommended.
8.2 Interpretation of this report should be made with refer-
5.3 Balance—A balance having a capacity of at least 150 g
ence to Specification E11 in which the dimensional tolerances
and a sensitivity of 0.01 g.
of standard sieves are specified.
6. Test Specim
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