ASTM D6270-08e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use of scrap tires including: tire derived aggregate (TDA) comprised of pieces of scrap tires, TDA/soil mixtures, tire sidewalls, and whole scrap tires in civil engineering applications. This includes use of TDA and TDA/soil mixtures as lightweight embankment fill, lightweight retaining wall backfill, drainage layers for roads, landfills and other applications, thermal insulation to limit frost penetration beneath roads, insulating backfill to limit heat loss from buildings, vibration damping layers for rail lines, and replacement for soil or rock in other fill applications. Use of whole scrap tires and tire sidewalls includes construction of retaining walls, drainage culverts, road-base reinforcement, and erosion protection, as well as use as fill when whole tires have been compressed into bales. It is the responsibility of the design engineer to determine the appropriateness of using scrap tires in a particular application and to select applicable tests and specifications to facilitate construction and environmental protection. This practice is intended to encourage wider utilization of scrap tires in civil engineering applications.
Three TDA fills with thicknesses in excess of 7 m have experienced a serious heating reaction. However, more than 100 fills with a thickness less than 3 m have been constructed with no evidence of a deleterious heating reaction (1). Guidelines have been developed to minimize internal heating of TDA fills (2) as discussed in 6.11. The guidelines are applicable to fills less than 3 m thick. Thus, this practice should be applied only to TDA fills less than 3 m thick.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties, design considerations, construction practices, and leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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Designation: D6270 − 08
StandardPractice for
1
Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Fig 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. X1.3 were improved and editorial changes were made throughout in July 2009.
1. Scope 2.2 American Association of State Highway and Transpor-
tation Offıcials Standard:
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical
T274Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of
properties, design considerations, construction practices, and
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Subgrade Soils
leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires
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M288Standard Specification for Geotextiles
in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as
2.3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standard:
stone, gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill
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Method 1311Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 baling, n—a method of volume reduction whereby
tires are compressed into bales.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 bead, n—theanchoringpartofthetirewhichisshaped
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
to fit the rim and is constructed of bead wire wrapped by the
C127Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
plies.
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
3.1.3 bead wire, n—a high tensile steel wire surrounded by
C136Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
rubber, which forms the bead of a tire that provides a firm
Aggregates
contact to the rim.
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
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3.1.4 belt wire, n—abrassplatedhightensilesteelwirecord
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
used in steel belts.
kN-m/m ))
D1557Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3.1.5 buffıng rubber, n—vulcanized rubber usually obtained
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istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
from a worn or used tire in the process of removing the old
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(2,700 kN-m/m ))
tread in preparation for retreading.
D2434Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
3.1.6 carcass, n—see casing.
(Constant Head)
3.1.7 casing, n—the basic tire structure excluding the tread
D3080Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under
(Syn. carcass).
Consolidated Drained Conditions
3.1.8 chipped tire, n—see tire chip.
D4253Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
3.1.9 chopped tire, n—a scrap tire that is cut into relatively
D2974Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
large pieces of unspecified dimensions.
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
3.1.10 granulated rubber, n—particulate rubber composed
of mainly non-spherical particles that span a broad range of
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
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Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling
Industrial Recovery and Reuse (Disbanded 06/09). and Testing, Part II: Methods of Sampling and Testing, American Association of
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
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approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6270–98(2004). Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling
DOI: 10.1520/D6270-08E01. and Testing, Part I: Specifications, American Association of State Highway and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
5 rd
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, 3 ed.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Report No. EPA530/SW-846, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Washington,
the ASTM website. DC.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6270 − 08
maximumparticledimension,frombelow425µm(40mesh)to 3.1.27 tire chips, n—pieces of scrap tires that have a basic
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12 mm (also refer to particulate rubber). geometrical shape and are generally between 12 and 50 mm in
size and have most of the wire removed (Syn. chipped tire).
3.1.11 ground rubber, n—particulate rubber composed of
mainly non-spheri
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation:D6270–98(Reapproved2004) Designation: D 6270 – 08
Standard Practice for
1
Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Fig 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. X1.3 were improved and editorial changes were made throughout in July 2009.
1. Scope
1.1This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties and gives data for assessment of the leachate generation
potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, soil, sand, or
other fill materials. In addition, typical construction practices are outlined.
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties, design considerations, construction practices, and
leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone,
gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate Test Method for Density, Relative Density
(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
D422Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
3
D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400(12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
kN-m/m ))
3
D 1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D 2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
D 3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table Test Methods for
Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D 2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
T274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils
2.3 USEPA Standard:
Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching ProcedureAmericanAssociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Standard:
3
T 274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils
4
M 288 Standard Specification for Geotextiles
2.3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standard:
5
Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Biotechnology Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on
Industrial Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published August 1998.on Industrial Recovery and Reuse (Disbanded 06/09).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6270 – 98 (2004).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Part II: Methods of Sampling and Testing, American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.DC.
4 rd
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, 3 ed., Report No. EPA 530/SW-846, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C.Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Part I: Specifications, American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
5
The defined term is the responsibility of Committee D11 on Rubber.
5 rd
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, 3 ed., Report No. EPA 530/SW-846, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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