ASTM D6270-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use of scrap tires including: tire derived aggregate (TDA) comprised of pieces of scrap tires, TDA/soil mixtures, tire sidewalls, and whole scrap tires in civil engineering applications. This includes use of TDA and TDA/soil mixtures as lightweight embankment fill, lightweight retaining wall backfill, drainage layers for roads, landfills and other applications, thermal insulation to limit frost penetration beneath roads, insulating backfill to limit heat loss from buildings, vibration damping layers for rail lines, and replacement for soil or rock in other fill applications. Use of whole scrap tires and tire sidewalls includes construction of retaining walls, drainage culverts, road-base reinforcement, and erosion protection, as well as use as fill when whole tires have been compressed into bales. It is the responsibility of the design engineer to determine the appropriateness of using scrap tires in a particular application and to select applicable tests and specifications to facilitate construction and environmental protection. This practice is intended to encourage wider utilization of scrap tires in civil engineering applications.
Three TDA fills with thicknesses in excess of 7 m have experienced a serious heating reaction. However, more than 100 fills with a thickness less than 3 m have been constructed with no evidence of a deleterious heating reaction (1). Guidelines have been developed to minimize internal heating of TDA fills (2) as discussed in 6.11. The guidelines are applicable to fills less than 3 m thick. Thus, this practice should be applied only to TDA fills less than 3 m thick.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties, design considerations, construction practices, and leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6270 – 08
Standard Practice for
1
Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standard:
4
Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical
properties, design considerations, construction practices, and
3. Terminology
leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires
3.1 Definitions:
in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as
3.1.1 baling, n—a method of volume reduction whereby
stone, gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill
tires are compressed into bales.
materials.
3.1.2 bead,n—theanchoringpartofthetirewhichisshaped
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to fit the rim and is constructed of bead wire wrapped by the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
plies.
standard.
3.1.3 bead wire, n—a high tensile steel wire surrounded by
2. Referenced Documents rubber, which forms the bead of a tire that provides a firm
2 contact to the rim.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 belt wire, n—abrassplatedhightensilesteelwirecord
C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
used in steel belts.
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
3.1.5 buffıng rubber, n—vulcanized rubber usually obtained
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
from a worn or used tire in the process of removing the old
Aggregates
tread in preparation for retreading.
D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
3.1.6 carcass, n—see casing.
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
3.1.7 casing, n—the basic tire structure excluding the tread
kN-m/m ))
(Syn. carcass).
D 1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-
3.1.8 chipped tire, n—see tire chip.
teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/
3 3
3.1.9 chopped tire, n—a scrap tire that is cut into relatively
ft (2,700 kN-m/m ))
large pieces of unspecified dimensions.
D 2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
3.1.10 granulated rubber, n—particulate rubber composed
(Constant Head)
of mainly non-spherical particles that span a broad range of
D 3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under
maximumparticledimension,frombelow425µm(40mesh)to
Consolidated Drained Conditions
5
12 mm (also refer to particulate rubber).
D 4253 TestMethodsforMaximumIndexDensityandUnit
3.1.11 ground rubber, n—particulate rubber composed of
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
mainly non-spherical particles that span a range of maximum
2.2 American Association of State Highway and Transpor-
particle dimensions, from below 425 µm (40 mesh) to 2 mm
tation Offıcials Standard:
5
(also refer to particulate rubber).
T 274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of
3
3.1.12 nominal size, n—the average size product that com-
Subgrade Soils
prises50 %ormoreofthethroughputinascraptireprocessing
operation; scrap tire processing operations generate products
above and below the nominal size.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
3.1.13 particulate rubber, n—raw, uncured, compounded or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on
Industrial Recovery and Reuse.
vulcanized rubber that has been transformed by means of a
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
mechanicalsizereductionprocessintoacollectionofparticles,
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6270 – 98 (2004).
2 with or without a coating of a partitioning agent to prevent
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4 rd
the ASTM website. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, 3 ed.,
3
Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling Report No. EPA530/SW-846, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Washington,
and Testing, Part II: Methods of Sampling and Testing, American Association of DC.
5
State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. The defined term is the responsibility of Committee D11 on Rubber.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6270–08
a
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6270–98(Reapproved2004) Designation: D 6270 – 08
Standard Practice for
1
Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties and gives data for assessment of the leachate generation
potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, soil, sand, or
other fill materials. In addition, typical construction practices are outlined.
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties, design considerations, construction practices, and
leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone,
gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate Test Method for Density, Relative Density
(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
D422Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
3
D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400(12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
kN-m/m ))
3
D 1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D 2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
D 3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
T274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of Subgrade SoilsAmerican Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials Standard:
3
T 274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils
2.3 USEPA Standard:
Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching ProcedureU.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standard:
4
Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 baling, n—a method of volume reduction whereby tires are compressed into bales.
3.1.2 bead, n—the anchoring part of the tire which is shaped to fit the rim and is constructed of bead wire wrapped by the plies.
3.1.3 bead wire, n—a high tensile steel wire surrounded by rubber, which forms the bead of a tire that provides a firm contact
to the rim.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on Industrial Recovery
and Reuse.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published August 1998.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD34onWasteManagementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD34.03.03onIndustrialRecovery
and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6270 – 98 (2004).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Part II: Methods of Sampling and Testing, American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.DC.
4 rd
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, 3 ed., Report No. EPA 530/SW-846, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C.DC.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6270–08
3.1.4 belt wire, n—a brass plated high tensile steel wire cord used in steel belts.
3.1.5 buffıng rubber, n—vulcanized rubber usually obtained from a worn or used tire in the process of removing the old tread
in preparation for retreading.
3.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6270–98(Reapproved2004) Designation: D 6270 – 08
Standard Practice for
1
Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties and gives data for assessment of the leachate generation
potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, soil, sand, or
other fill materials. In addition, typical construction practices are outlined.
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties, design considerations, construction practices, and
leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone,
gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate Test Method for Density, Relative Density
(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
D422Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
3
D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400(12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3
kN-m/m ))
3
D 1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D 2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
D 3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
T274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of Subgrade SoilsAmerican Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials Standard:
3
T 274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils
2.3 USEPA Standard:
Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching ProcedureU.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standard:
4
Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 baling, n—a method of volume reduction whereby tires are compressed into bales.
3.1.2 bead, n—the anchoring part of the tire which is shaped to fit the rim and is constructed of bead wire wrapped by the plies.
3.1.3 bead wire, n—a high tensile steel wire surrounded by rubber, which forms the bead of a tire that provides a firm contact
to the rim.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Biotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on Industrial Recovery
and Reuse.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published August 1998.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD34onWasteManagementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD34.03.03onIndustrialRecovery
and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6270 – 98 (2004).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Part II: Methods of Sampling and Testing, American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.DC.
4 rd
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods, 3 ed., Report No. EPA 530/SW-846, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C.DC.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6270–08
3.1.4 belt wire, n—a brass plated high tensile steel wire cord used in steel belts.
3.1.5 buffıng rubber, n—vulcanized rubber usually obtained from a worn or used tire in the process of removing the old tread
in preparation for retreading.
3.
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.