ASTM D1781-98(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives
Standard Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used to determine comparative rather than fundamental measurements of adhesion and is particularly suitable for process control, some examples of which are listed.
5.1.1 This test method is particularly sensitive to adherend surface preparation and is of value where the adhesive is used in conjunction with a primer.
5.1.2 When a relatively brittle adhesive is used, the peel resistance can often give an indication of the degree of cure, that is, higher values than normally realized may indicate an incomplete cure. Direct comparison of different adhesives or processes can only be made when specimen design and test conditions are identical.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the peel resistance of adhesive bonds between: a relatively flexible adherend and a rigid adherend; and the relatively flexible facing of a sandwich structure and its core, when tested under specified conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D1781– 98(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for
Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1781; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the peel 3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms used in this test method
resistance of adhesive bonds between: a relatively flexible are defined in Terminology D907.
adherend and a rigid adherend; and the relatively flexible
4. Summary of Test Method
facing of a sandwich structure and its core, when tested under
specified conditions. 4.1 Determine the peeling force of a conditioned adhesive
bonded sandwich assembly by peeling a face skin around a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information circular drum. This is done by clamping the assembly in a
universal test machine. The average peeling load is determined
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the using a standard formula.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This test method may be used to determine comparative
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rather than fundamental measurements of adhesion and is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
particularly suitable for process control, some examples of
2. Referenced Documents
which are listed.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1.1 This test method is particularly sensitive to adherend
surface preparation and is of value where the adhesive is used
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Sheet and Plate in conjunction with a primer.
D907 Terminology of Adhesives 5.1.2 When a relatively brittle adhesive is used, the peel
resistance can often give an indication of the degree of cure,
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts: that is, higher values than normally realized may indicate an
incomplete cure. Direct comparison of different adhesives or
Climbing Drum Peel Tester
processes can only be made when specimen design and test
conditions are identical.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal Bonding
6. Apparatus
Adhesives.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally 6.1 Peeling Apparatus, consisting of a flanged drum, flex-
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D1781 – 98. DOI:
ible loading straps or cables, and suitable clamps for holding
10.1520/D1781-98R04.
the test specimen. The apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 has been
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
found to be satisfactory.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.1.1 The outside radius of the drum is 51.00 6 0.13 mm
the ASTM website.
(2.000 6 0.005 in.), and the radius of the flange, including one
Detailed working drawings for the apparatus illustrated are available from
half of the thickness of the loading straps or cables, is 12.70 6
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959.
Request ADJD1781. 0.13mm(0.500 60.005in.)largerthantheradiusofthedrum.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1781– 98 (2004)
6.1.2 Use a suitable top clamp (Fig. 2) for supporting the
specimen, and a drum clamp (Fig. 3) to hold the adherend
against the face of the drum.
6.1.3 Balance the drum about the axis by the use of
counterweights (as shown in Fig. 1) placed diametrically
opposite the drum clamp to compensate for the weight of this
clamp.
6.1.4 The drum and flanges with the drum clamp and its
compensating weight weighs# 3.6 kg (8 lb), a lighter weight
,
4 3
being preferable to facilitate handling of the apparatus.
6.2 Testing Machine, capable of applying tensile loads
under the conditions prescribed in Section 11 and with the
following further requirements:
6.2.1 The rate of movement between heads of the testing
machine remains essentially constant under fluctuating loads
(Note 1).
6.2.2 The testing machine weighs the load to within 1 %.
The testing machine and range are selected such that the
FIG. 1 Assembly of Peeling Apparatus
maximum load on the specimen falls between 15 and 85 % of
the full-scale capacity.
6.2.3 The use of autographic equipment to record load
versus head movement is recommended.
6.2.4 Verification of the testing machine is made in accor-
dance with the recommendations of Practices E4.
NOTE 1—It is difficult to meet this requirement when loads are
measured with a spring-type or pendulum-type weighing device.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 For evaluation of adhesives in laminated assemblies, a
specimen of the type shown in Fig. 4 has been found to be
satisfactory. The specimen is 25 mm (1 in.) wide between saw
kerfs and at least 254 mm (10 in.) long. The specimen may be
cut from larger bonded panels if desired.
7.2 For evaluation of adhesives in sandwich constructions,
make the test specimens in conformance to the general form of
the specimen shown in Fig. 1. The specimen is 76 mm (3 in.)
FIG. 2 Top Clamp
wide by at least 305 mm (12 in.) long, including about a
25-mm (1-in.) overhang of one facing at each end. Thickness
of the core is not important, except in the sense that the
sandwich specimen does not bend while the facing is being
peeled. For comparative evaluation of adhesives in bonding
metal-facedsandwichconstructions,afacingofcladaluminum
alloy meeting the requirements of Specification B209, Alloy
2024-T3, 0.51 mm (0.020 in.) thick with a core 12.7 mm (0.5
in.) thick, has been found to be suitable. Other metal facings of
comparable flexibility may also be used. The specimens may
be cut from larger bonded panels if desired.
NOTE 2—Direct comparisons of different adhesives can be made only
when specimen design and test conditions are identical.
7.3 Test at least six specimens, for example, two or more
from each of three bonded panels, for each adhesive sample.
FIG. 3 Drum Clamp
7.4 For sandwich constructions based on orthotropic cores,
peel half of the specimens parallel to the length direction of the
This 12.70 6 0.13 mm (0.500 6 0.005 in.) less half the
thickness of the adherend to be peeled, is the effective torque
A suitable climbing drum peel apparatus is available from Custom Scientific
arm of the apparatus. Instruments, Inc., 13 Wing Drive, Whippany, NJ, 07981.
D1781– 98 (2004)
Metric Equivalents
1 3
in. ⁄16 ⁄16
mm 1.5 4.5
FIG. 4 Test Specimen for Laminated Assemblies
core and half parallel to the width direction, as determined drum, clamp, and counterweight, if the weighing apparatus is
from the configuration of the cell structure. balanced to zero at the start.
9.1.2 For peel resistance of the adhesive with compensation
8. Preparation of Test Specimen
for bending of the adherend, substitute a piece of material of
the same composition, properties, and dimensions as the
8.1 Do all preconditioning or special preparation of the
adherends in accordance with the recommendations of the adherend to be peeled in place of the thin fabric, and apply a
manufacturer of the adhesive. load sufficient to roll the drum upward on the material. This
8.2 Bond in accordance with the procedure and recommen- method largely offsets the torque required to bend the adherend
dations prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. in the peel test. The forces imposed on the adherend during the
peel test usually result i
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