ASTM A370-11a

Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior—Body-centered-cubic or ferritic alloys exhibit a significant transition in behavior when impact tested over a range of temperatures. At temperatures above transition, impact specimens fracture by a ductile (usually microvoid coalescence) mechanism, absorbing relatively large amounts of energy. At lower temperatures, they fracture in a brittle (usually cleavage) manner absorbing appreciably less energy. Within the transition range, the fracture will generally be a mixture of areas of ductile fracture and brittle fracture.
The temperature range of the transition from one type of behavior to the other varies according to the material being tested. This transition behavior may be defined in various ways for specification purposes.
The specification may require a minimum test result for absorbed energy, fracture appearance, lateral expansion, or a combination thereof, at a specified test temperature.
The specification may require the determination of the transition temperature at which either the absorbed energy or fracture appearance attains a specified level when testing is performed over a range of temperatures. Alternatively the specification may require the determination of the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATTn) as the temperature at which the required minimum percentage of shear fracture (n) is obtained.
Further information on the significance of impact testing appears in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Nov-2011
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• ICS: 77.140.01 - Iron and steel products in general
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.13 - Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A370-11 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Replaced By: ASTM A370-12 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2012
• Referred By: ASTM A470/A470M-05(2020) - Standard Specification for Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A227/A227M-17 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A1064/A1064M-22 - Standard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A722/A722M-18 - Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel Bars for Prestressed Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B802/B802M-22 - Standard Specification for Zinc–5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloy-Coated Steel Core Wire for Aluminum Conductors, Steel Reinforced (ACSR)
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1268-19 - Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM C915-79(2018) - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Crib Wall Members
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A551/A551M-08(2023) - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Tires for Railway and Rapid Transit Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A673/A673M-17 - Standard Specification for Sampling Procedure for Impact Testing of Structural Steel
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A565/A565M-10(2017)e1 - Standard Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars for High-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM F682-82a(2023) - Standard Specification for Wrought Carbon Steel Sleeve-Type Pipe Couplings
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A635/A635M-22 - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General Requirements for
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM A1021/A1021M-20 - Standard Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A370 – 11a
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product
2 specification,theyieldandtensilevaluesmaybedeterminedin
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions
inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The
for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related
elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8
alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used
in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm,
to determine properties required in the product specifications.
respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield
methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible
and tensile values may be determined in SI units then con-
and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing
verted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI
requirementsforcertainproductsareuniqueoratvariancewith
unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in
these general procedures, the product specification testing
inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as
requirements shall control.
applicable.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may
Sections
be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
Tension 5 to 13
Bend 14
laboratories.
Hardness 15
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Brinell 16
Rockwell 17 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Portable 18
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Impact 19 to 28
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Keywords 29
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products
are appended to these test methods as follows: 2. Referenced Documents
3
Annex
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Bar Products A1.1
A623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Require-
Tubular Products Annex A2
ments
Fasteners Annex A3
Round Wire Products Annex A4
A623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Re-
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
quirements [Metric]
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Re-
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
quirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10 Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Mate-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
rials by Comparison Hardness Testers
as the standard.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
1 E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM
Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct Materials
responsibility of Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and
Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
3
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A370 – 11. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/A0370-11a. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-370 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A370 – 11a
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
terials
E23 Test
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A370–11 Designation: A370 – 11a
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1These test methods
2
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys.
The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations
in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable
results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general
procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections
Tension 5to13
Bend 14
Hardness 15
Brinell 16
Rockwell 17
Portable 18
Impact 19 to 28
Keywords 29
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex
Bar Products A1.1
Tubular Products Annex A2
Fasteners Annex A3
Round Wire Products Annex A4
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in
inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in.
may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into
inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge
lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
laboratories.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
e1
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2011.PublishedJune2011.Originallyapprovedin1953.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asA370–09a .DOI:10.1520/A0370-11.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A370 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/A0370-11a.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-370 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A370 – 11a
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements
A623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements [Metric]
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A370–11 Designation: A370 – 11a
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1These test methods
2
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys.
The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations
in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable
results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general
procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections
Tension 5to13
Bend 14
Hardness 15
Brinell 16
Rockwell 17
Portable 18
Impact 19 to 28
Keywords 29
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex
Bar Products A1.1
Tubular Products Annex A2
Fasteners Annex A3
Round Wire Products Annex A4
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in
inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in.
may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into
inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge
lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
laboratories.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
e1
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2011.PublishedJune2011.Originallyapprovedin1953.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asA370–09a .DOI:10.1520/A0370-11.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A370 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/A0370-11a.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-370 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A370 – 11a
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements
A623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements [Metric]
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to
...