ASTM A370-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior—Body-centered-cubic or ferritic alloys exhibit a significant transition in behavior when impact tested over a range of temperatures. At temperatures above transition, impact specimens fracture by a ductile (usually microvoid coalescence) mechanism, absorbing relatively large amounts of energy. At lower temperatures, they fracture in a brittle (usually cleavage) manner absorbing appreciably less energy. Within the transition range, the fracture will generally be a mixture of areas of ductile fracture and brittle fracture.
The temperature range of the transition from one type of behavior to the other varies according to the material being tested. This transition behavior may be defined in various ways for specification purposes.
The specification may require a minimum test result for absorbed energy, fracture appearance, lateral expansion, or a combination thereof, at a specified test temperature.
The specification may require the determination of the transition temperature at which either the absorbed energy or fracture appearance attains a specified level when testing is performed over a range of temperatures. Alternatively the specification may require the determination of the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATTn) as the temperature at which the required minimum percentage of shear fracture (n) is obtained.
Further information on the significance of impact testing appears in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections Tension 5 to 13 Bend14 Hardness15 Brinell16 Rockwell17 Portable18 Impact19 to 28 Keywords29
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex Bar ProductsA1.1 Tubular ProductsAnnex A2 FastenersAnnex A3 Round Wire ProductsAnnex A4 Significance of Notched-Bar Impact TestingAnnex A5 Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat SpecimensAnnex A6 Testing Multi-Wire StrandAnnex A7 Rounding of Test DataAnnex A8 Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing BarsAnnex A9 Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle SimulationAnnex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:A370 −12
StandardTest Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product
2 specification,theyieldandtensilevaluesmaybedeterminedin
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions
inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units.The
forthemechanicaltestingofsteels,stainlesssteels,andrelated
elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8
alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used
in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm,
to determine properties required in the product specifications.
respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield
methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible
and tensile values may be determined in SI units then con-
and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing
verted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI
requirementsforcertainproductsareuniqueoratvariancewith
unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in
these general procedures, the product specification testing
inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as
requirements shall control.
applicable.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may
Sections
be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
Tension 5 to 13
Bend 14 laboratories.
Hardness 15
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Brinell 16
Rockwell 17
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Portable 18
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Impact 19 to 28
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Keywords 29
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products
are appended to these test methods as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
Annex
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Bar Products A1.1
Tubular Products Annex A2
A623Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Require-
Fasteners Annex A3
ments
Round Wire Products Annex A4
A623MSpecification for Tin Mill Products, General Re-
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
quirements [Metric]
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
A781/A781MSpecification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
A833Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materi-
as the standard.
als by Comparison Hardness Testers
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct
terials
responsibility of Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and
Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved March 15, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally
3
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A370–11a. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/A0370-12. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-370 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A370−12
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials specimenisatrightanglestothedirectionofgreatestextension
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Me
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A370–11a Designation: A370 – 12
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys.
The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations
in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable
results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general
procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections
Tension 5to13
Bend 14
Hardness 15
Brinell 16
Rockwell 17
Portable 18
Impact 19 to 28
Keywords 29
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex
Bar Products A1.1
Tubular Products Annex A2
Fasteners Annex A3
Round Wire Products Annex A4
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in
inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in.
may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into
inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge
lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
laboratories.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved Nov.March 15, 2011.2012. Published December 2011.March 2012. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approvedin2011as
A370 – 11a. DOI: 10.1520/A0370-11a.10.1520/A0370-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-370 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A370 – 12
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements
A623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements [Metric]
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A370–11a Designation: A370 – 12
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys.
The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations
in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable
results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general
procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections
Tension 5to13
Bend 14
Hardness 15
Brinell 16
Rockwell 17
Portable 18
Impact 19 to 28
Keywords 29
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex
Bar Products A1.1
Tubular Products Annex A2
Fasteners Annex A3
Round Wire Products Annex A4
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in
inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in.
may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into
inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge
lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
laboratories.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved Nov.March 15, 2011.2012. Published December 2011.March 2012. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approvedin2011as
A370 – 11a. DOI: 10.1520/A0370-11a.10.1520/A0370-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-370 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A370 – 12
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements
A623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements [Metric]
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of
...
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