ASTM D7508/D7508M-10(2015)

Standard Specification for Polyolefin Chopped Strands for Use in Concrete

ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyolefin chopped strands (fibers) for use in concrete. Tensile and tenacity properties are calculated by determining the breaking force, the breaking tenacity, and the elongation of adequately conditioned polyolefin filaments using Practice D1776. Conformance requirements for chopped strands for use in concrete include compliance with Specification C1116/C1116M, Type III as well as denier, finish content, tensile strength, and cut length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyolefin chopped strands (fibers) for use in concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2015
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7508/D7508M-10 - Standard Specification for Polyolefin Chopped Strands for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1818-22 - Standard Specification for Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1932-23 - Standard Specification for Manufacture of Reinforced Precast Concrete End Sections for Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1116/C1116M-23 - Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7508/D7508M −10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Polyolefin Chopped Strands for Use in Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7508/D7508M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
1.1 This specification covers polyolefin chopped strands
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
(fibers) for use in concrete.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1 Definitions:
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this Specification,
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
refer to Terminology D123.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the 3.2.1 chopped strand, n—cut staple polymer fiber of speci-
test methods described in this specification: This standard does fied lengths.
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
3.2.2 fiber, n—as used for concrete reinforcement, chopped
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
strand that is mixed into concrete or mortar.
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Fiber used for concrete or mortar rein-
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
forcement is available in various deniers. These include:
to use.
(a) Macro polyolefin fiber which has linear density greater
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
than or equal to 580 denier (equivalent diameter ≥ 0.3 mm).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(b) Micro polyolefin fiber which has a linear density of less
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
than 580 denier (equivalent diameter < 0.3 mm).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(c) Hybrid fiber which include a combination of macro
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
polyolefin and micro polyolefin fibers.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(d) Multi-length fibers which consist of chopped strands of
various lengths of fiber.
2. Referenced Documents
(e) Graded fiber which consists of a gradation of multiple
2.1 ASTM Standards:
length and multiple denier fibers.
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
3.2.3 fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), n—hydraulic cement
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
concrete that includes chopped strands (fibers).
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
3.2.4 finish content, n—the percent by mass of finish extrac-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
tions on the fiber.
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
ber) by the Skein Method
3.2.5 high-tenacity fiber, n—a manufactured fiber that be-
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the
longs to a generic class of fibers having exceptional breaking
Single-Strand Method
strength; or having a breaking strength significantly greater
than the average strength of other (regular tenacity) fibers in
the same generic class of equivalent linear densities.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
3.2.6 polyolefin, n—any long-chain synthetic polymer com-
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and
posed of at least 85 % by weight of ethylene, propylene, or
Fibers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally
other olefin units (monomers), except amorphous (noncrystal-
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7508/D7508M—10.
line) polyolefin.
DOI: 10.1520/D7508_D7508M-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 3.2.7 reprocessed materials, n—materials that have been
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
recycled from another process.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2.8 strand, n—a single fiber, filament, or monofilament.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7508/D7508M−10 (2015)
3.2.9 skein, n—a continuous strand of yarn, wound on a 6.2 Laboratory Correlation Testing—If there are differences
hand or motorized reel. of practical significance between reported test results for two
laboratories (or more) a comparative test should be performed
3.2.10 yarn, n—as used for fiber concrete reinforcement,
to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
narrow slit extruded film.
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test
SPECIFICATIONS
samples that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the
material from which the disparate test results were obtained,
4. Chopped Strands for FRC and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be
4.1 Polyolefin chopped strands shall be manufactured and
compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
tested to specific targets and tolerances as detailed in the
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
manufacture’s product specifications.
foundeitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrectedorfuturetest
4.2 Materials shall be tested during processing (skeins or
resultsforthatmaterialmustbeadjustedinconsiderationofthe
uncut strands) and after processing (chopped strands).
known bias.
5. Summary 7. Sampling and Number of Specimens
5.1 Summaries of the various testing procedures are in- 7.1 Take samples as directed in the applicable material
cluded in the referenced test methods, or in pertinent sections specification, or as agreed upon by the purchaser and the
of this specification. supplier. In the absence of an applicable material specification,
5.1.1 Denier: D1577 Test Method for Linear Density of orotheragreement,takealotsampleandlaboratorysamplesas
Textile Fibers directed in Practices D2258 or D3218.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
D1907 Linear Density of Yarn by Skein Method
purchaserandthesupplierrequirestakingintoaccountvariabilitybetween
5.1.2 Tensile: D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of
shipping units, between packages, or ends within a shipping unit, and
Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
betweenspecimensfromasinglepackagesoastoprovideasamplingplan
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality
5.1.3 Tenacity—The tensile stress expressed force per unit level, and limiting quality level.
linear density of the unstrained specimen. (Sometimes ex-
8. Fiber Length and Permissible Variations
pressed in grams per denier, or GPD.)
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the 8.1 A representative fiber sample of an order quantity shall
Single-Strand Method be 30 fibers obtained from three grab samples by combining 10
5.1.4 Elongation: D2256 Test Method for Tensile Proper- randomly selected fibers from each grab sample. If deemed
ties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method necessary, the producer shall choose to select the 10 specimens
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments at different set intervals in order to obtain a more accurate
representationoftheproductionlot.Fiberlengthorlengths,for
5.1.5 Initial Modulus: D2256 Test Method for Tensile
Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method a given order quantity, shall be determined as the average
length of the 30 fibers to the nearest mm.
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
5.1.6 Equivalent Diameter—The diameter of a circle having
8.2 Average fiber length, shall be within +10 % and –10 %
the same cross-sectional area as the fiber or strand. The
of the specified length.
measurement may be derived from stated calculation provided
8.3 Fiber products that are defined by a range of lengths or
in Eq 1.
gradedlengths,shallhave95 %ofmeasuredlengthsfallwithin
5.1.7 Finish Content—Based on percent of total mass.
the specified range.
Several methods of finish extractions are recognized including
8.4 Report:
the use of a NMR system (Nuclear Magnetic Residence),
Rapid Oil ExtractionApparatus, and spin finish analysis based 8.4.1 Fiber length to nearest mm.
8.4.2 For hybrids and multi-length fibers, range of equiva-
on Test Method D2257. None of these systems or this standard
lent diameters, linear densities, and fiber lengths as appropri-
addresses the chemical properties or types of chemicals that
ate.
may be contained in the finish applied. Certain chemicals at
var
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7508/D7508M − 10 D7508/D7508M − 10 (Reapproved 2015)An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Polyolefin Chopped Strands for Use in Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7508/D7508M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers polyolefin chopped strands (fibers) for use in concrete.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification: This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this Specification, refer to Terminology D123.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chopped strand, n—cut staple polymer fiber of specified lengths.
3.2.2 fiber, n—as used for concrete reinforcement, chopped strand that is mixed into concrete or mortar.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010July 1, 2015. Published July 2010September 2015. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
D7508/D7508M—10. DOI: 10.1520/D7508_D7508M-10.10.1520/D7508_D7508M-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Fiber used for concrete or mortar reinforcement is available in various deniers. These include:
(a) Macro polyolefin fiber which has linear density greater than or equal to 580 denier (equivalent diameter ≥ 0.3 mm).
(b) Micro polyolefin fiber which has a linear density of less than 580 denier (equivalent diameter < 0.3 mm).
(c) Hybrid fiber which include a combination of macro polyolefin and micro polyolefin fibers.
(d) Multi-length fibers which consist of chopped strands of various lengths of fiber.
(e) Graded fiber which consists of a gradation of multiple length and multiple denier fibers.
3.2.3 fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), n—hydraulic cement concrete that includes chopped strands (fibers).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7508/D7508M − 10 (2015)
3.2.4 finish content, n—the percent by mass of finish extractions on the fiber.
3.2.5 high-tenacity fiber, n—a manufactured fiber that belongs to a generic class of fibers having exceptional breaking strength;
or having a breaking strength significantly greater than the average strength of other (regular tenacity) fibers in the same generic
class of equivalent linear densities.
3.2.6 polyolefin, n—any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85 % by weight of ethylene, propylene, or other
olefin units (monomers), except amorphous (noncrystalline) polyolefin.
3.2.7 reprocessed materials, n—materials that have been recycled from another process.
3.2.8 strand, n—a single fiber, filament, or monofilament.
3.2.9 skein, n—a continuous strand of yarn, wound on a hand or motorized reel.
3.2.10 yarn, n—as used for fiber concrete reinforcement, narrow slit extruded film.
SPECIFICATIONS
4. Chopped Strands for FRC
4.1 Polyolefin chopped strands shall be manufactured and tested to specific targets and tolerances as detailed in the
manufacture’s product specifications.
4.2 Materials shall be tested during processing (skeins or uncut strands) and after processing (chopped strands).
5. Summary
5.1 Summaries of the various testing procedures are included in the referenced test methods, or in pertinent sections of this
specification.
5.1.1 Denier: D1577 Test Method for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
D1907 Linear Density of Yarn by Skein Method
5.1.2 Tensile: D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
5.1.3 Tenacity—The tensile stress expressed force per unit linear density of the unstrained specimen. (Sometimes expressed in
grams per denier, or GPD.)
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
5.1.4 Elongation: D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
5.1.5 Initial Modulus: D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
5.1.6 Equivalent Diameter—The diameter of a circle having the same cross-sectional area as the fiber or strand. The
measurement may be derived from stated calculation provided in Eq 1.
5.1.7 Finish Content—Based on percent of total mass. Several methods of finish extractions are recognized including the use
of a NMR system (Nuclear Magnetic Residence), Rapid Oil Extraction Apparatus, and spin finish analysis based on Test Method
D2257. None of these systems or this standard addresses the chemical properties or types of chemicals that may be contained in
the finish applied. Certain chemicals at various dosages may cause change in the properties of concrete mix performance such as
air gain.
5.1.8 Fiber Length—Total distance from the outer ends of the finished fiber or developed length.
6. Significance and Use
6.1 Acceptance Testing—The test methods in Specification D2256 and D3218 for the determination of the properties of
polyolefin cut strands are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of polyolefin cut strands for use
in concrete.
6.2 Laboratory Correlation Testing—If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two
laboratories (or more) a comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material
from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The
test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen
prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected or future test results for that material must
be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
7. Sampling and Number of Specimens
7.1 Take samples as directed in the applicable material specification, or as agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. In
the absence of an applicable material specification, or other agreement, take a lot sample and laboratory samples as directed in
Practices D2258 or D3218.
D7508/D7508M − 10 (2015)
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account variability between shipping
units, between packages, or ends within a shipping unit, and between specimens from a single package so as to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
8. Fiber Length and Permissible Variations
8.1 A representative fiber sample of an order quantity shall be 30 fibers obtained from three grab samples by combining 10
randomly selected fibers from each grab sample. If deemed necessary, the producer shall choose to select the 10 specimens at
different set intervals in order to obtain a more accurate representation of the production lot
...