ASTM E572-21

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 It is expected that this standard will be employed by analysts knowledgeable in the field of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and experienced in the use of the apparatus specified in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:    
Element  
Range, Mass Fraction %  
Chromium  
0.5 to 25  
Cobalt  
0.05 to 0.45  
Copper  
0.06 to 3.5    
Manganese  
0.3 to 5.5  
Molybdenum  
0.02 to 3.5    
Nickel  
0.6 to 35    
Niobium  
0.03 to 1.3    
Phosphorus  
0.01 to 0.03  
Silicon  
0.1 to 2    
Sulfur  
0.02 to 0.35  
Titanium  
0.008 to 0.5    
Vanadium  
0.02 to 0.25
Note 1: Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended by using suitable reference materials. Extended ranges must be verified by experimental means. This could include, but not be limited to, Interlaboratory studies, Round Robin exercises, and other validation approaches. See Guide E2857 for additional guidance.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-May-2021
• ICS: 77.140.20 - Stainless steels
• Technical Committee: E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Drafting Committee: E01.01 - Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E572 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by Wavelength
1
Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E572; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2 3
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stainless and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements: Determine Conformance with Specifications
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
Element Range, Mass Fraction %
Chromium 0.5 to 25
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Cobalt 0.05 to 0.45
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Copper 0.06 to 3.5
ASTM Test Methods
Manganese 0.3 to 5.5
Molybdenum 0.02 to 3.5
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Nickel 0.6 to 35
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Niobium 0.03 to 1.3
E1361 Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in
Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.03
Silicon 0.1 to 2
X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
Sulfur 0.02 to 0.35
E1621 Guide for ElementalAnalysis by Wavelength Disper-
Titanium 0.008 to 0.5
sive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Vanadium 0.02 to 0.25
E2857 Guide for Validating Analytical Methods
NOTE 1—Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be
extended by using suitable reference materials. Extended ranges must be
3. Terminology
verified by experimental means. This could include, but not be limited to,
Interlaboratory studies, Round Robin exercises, and other validation
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
approaches. See Guide E2857 for additional guidance.
Terminology E135.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The test specimen is finished to a clean, uniform surface
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
and then irradiated with an X-ray beam of high energy. The
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
secondary X-rays produced are dispersed by means of crystals
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.
and the count rates are measured by suitable detectors at
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
selected wavelengths. The outputs of the detectors in voltage
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
pulsesarecounted.Radiationmeasurementsaremadebasedon
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the time required to reach a fixed number of counts, or on the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
total counts obtained for a fixed time (generally expressed in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
counts per unit time). Mass fractions of the elements are
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
determined by relating the measured radiation of unknown
specimens to analytical curves prepared using suitable refer-
1 ence materials. Both simultaneous spectrometers containing a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct fixed-channel monochromator for each element and sequential
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Current edition approved May 15, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E572 – 13. DOI:
3
10.1520/E0572-21. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Supporting data for this test method as determined by cooperative testing have contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
been filed at ASTM International Headquarters as RR:E01-1118. Contact ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Customer Service at [e-mail]. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E572 − 21
spectrometers using a goniometer monochromator can be used equipped for vacuum or helium-flushed operation for measure-
for measurement of the elements
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E572 − 13 E572 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by Wavelength
1
Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E572; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
for the determination of the following elements:
Element Range, Mass Fraction %
Chromium 1 to 25
Chromium 0.5 to 25
Cobalt 0.05 to 0.45
Copper 0.06 to 3.5
Manganese 0.3 to 5.5
Molybdenum 0.05 to 3.5
Molybdenum 0.02 to 3.5
Nickel 0.7 to 35
Nickel 0.6 to 35
Niobium 0.06 to 1.3
Niobium 0.03 to 1.3
Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.03
Silicon 0.2 to 2
Silicon 0.1 to 2
Sulfur 0.02 to 0.35
Titanium 0.013 to 0.5
Titanium 0.008 to 0.5
Vanadium 0.04 to 0.25
Vanadium 0.02 to 0.25
NOTE 1—Mass Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended upward by demonstration of accurate calibrations by using suitable
reference materials. Extended ranges must be verified by experimental means. This could include, but not be limited to, Interlaboratory studies, Round
Robin exercises, and other validation approaches. See Guide E2857 for additional guidance.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013May 15, 2021. Published December 2013June 2021. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
E572 – 12.E572 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E0572-13.10.1520/E0572-21.
2
Supporting data for this test method as determined by cooperative testing have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters as RR:E01-1118. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at [e-mail].
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E572 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1361 Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
E1621 Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E2857 Guide for Validating Analytical Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology E135.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test specimen is finished to a clean, uniform surface and then irradiated with an X-ray beam of high energy. The secondary
X-rays produced are dispersed by means of crystals and the count rates are measured by suitable detectors at selected wavelengths.
The outputs of the detectors in voltage pulses are counted. Radiation measurements are made based on the time required to reach
a fixed number of counts, or on the total counts obtained for a fixed time (generally expressed in counts per unit time). Mass
fractions of the elements are determined by relating the measured radiation of unknown specimens to analytical curves prepared
using suitable reference materials. Both simultaneous spectrometers containing a fixed-channel monochromator for each element
and sequential spectrom
...