ASTM F1972-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory Items
Standard Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory Items
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is used to establish a set of definitions that allows manufacturers, consumers, retailers, and the scientific community to use a common language to define candles and associated accessory items.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines standard terms used to describe candles and associated accessory products.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1972 − 19
Standard Guide for
Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory
1
Items
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1.1 Discussion—The candle is used in a place of wor-
ship in close proximity to the altar during the religious service
1.1 This guide defines standard terms used to describe
or ceremony.
candles and associated accessory products.
3.1.2 barrier technology, n—a functional design element of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
a candle accessory that minimizes the risk of ignition of the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-
combustible components of the candle accessory as a result of
tion only.
foreseeable misuse or failure of the candle. F2417, F2601
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Precautions should be taken in barrier
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
technology designs to prevent ignition of combustible compo-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
nents. During intended use, the candle should not be capable of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
igniting combustible components from either heat transfer or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
direct flame impingement.Accessories should also be designed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to prevent ignition of combustible components in reasonable
and foreseeable situations such as in drafts or the candle falling
2. Referenced Documents
over. Examples include a durable, noncombustible wall, or
2
space absent of combustible objects.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E136 Test Method forAssessing Combustibility of Materials
3.1.3 base material, n—the intended fuel source for candle
Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
flame. F2417
F2058 Specification for Candle Fire Safety Labeling
3.1.4 birthday candle, n—candle or candle ensemble whose
F2326 Test Method for Collection and Analysis of Visible
sole purpose is to be used on a birthday cake.
Emissions from Candles as They Burn
3.1.5 burn cycle, n—the length of time a candle burns from
F2417 Specification for Fire Safety for Candles
when it is lit to when it is manually extinguished or from when
F2601 Specification for Fire Safety for Candle Accessories
it is lit until it extinguishes on its own at end of useful life.
3
2.2 NFPA Standard:
F2326, F2417, F2601
NFPA 909 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Burn cycles for tealight candles are
until end of useful life; burn cycles for gel-containing candles
3. Terminology
are 8 h; burn cycles for extended use candles are as labeled or
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: intended; and burn cycles for all other candles are 4 h.
3.1.1 altar candle, n—candle that is constructed, packaged,
3.1.6 burn period, n—total time the candle is burned over
and labeled as an altar candle.
the duration of the test. F2326
3.1.7 burn time, n—the time a material supports sustained
flaming combustion after removal of the ignition source until
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer
all flaming ceases. F2417, F2601
Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on Candle
3.1.8 candle, n—one or more combustible wicks supported
Products.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally
by a material that constitutes a fuel which is solid, semi-solid,
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F1972 – 16. DOI:
or quasi-rigid at room temperature, 68 to 80°F (20 to 27°C); it
10.1520/F1972-19.
can also contain additives that are used for color, scent,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
stability,ortomodifytheburningcharacteristics;thecombined
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
function of which is to sustain a light-producing flame.
the ASTM website.
3
3.1.9 candle accessory, n—object designed, intended, or
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. marketed for use with a candle. F2601
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1972 − 16 F1972 − 19
Standard Guide for
Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory
1
Items
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide defines standard terms used to describe candles and associated accessory products.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
F2058 Specification for Candle Fire Safety Labeling
F2326 Test Method for Collection and Analysis of Visible Emissions from Candles as They Burn
F2417 Specification for Fire Safety for Candles
F2601 Specification for Fire Safety for Candle Accessories
3
2.2 NFPA Standard:
NFPA 909 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 altar candle, n—candle that is constructed, packaged, and labeled as an altar candle.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The candle is used in a place of worship in close proximity to the altar during the religious service or ceremony.
3.1.2 barrier technology, n—a functional design element of a candle accessory that minimizes the risk of ignition of the
combustible components of the candle accessory as a result of foreseeable misuse or failure of the candle. F2417, F2601
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Precautions should be taken in barrier technology designs to prevent ignition of combustible components. During intended use,
the candle should not be capable of igniting combustible components from either heat transfer or direct flame impingement.
Accessories should also be designed to prevent ignition of combustible components in reasonable and foreseeable situations such
as in drafts or the candle falling over. Examples include a durable, noncombustible wall, or space absent of combustible objects.
3.1.3 base material, n—the intended fuel source for candle flame. F2417
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on Candle Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016April 1, 2019. Published May 2016April 2019. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20132016 as
F1972 – 13.F1972 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/F1972-16.10.1520/F1972-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F1972 − 19
3.1.4 birthday candle, n—candle or candle ensemble whose sole purpose is to be used on a birthday cake.
3.1.5 burn cycle, n—the length of time a candle burns from when the candle it is lit to when the candle it is manually
extinguished (typically 4 hours).or from when it is lit until it extinguishes on its own at end of useful life. F2326, F2417, F2601
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
Burn cycles for tealight candles are until end of useful life; burn cycles for gel-containing candles are 8 h; burn cycles for extended
use candles are as labeled or intended; and burn cycles for all other candles are 4 h.
3.1.6 burn period, n—the total length of time athe candle is burned to complete the specified over the duration of the test. F2326
3.1.7 burn time, n—the time interval a test specimen material supports sustained flaming combustion after removal of the
ignition source until all flaming ceases. F2417, F2601
3.1.8 candle, n—one or more combustible wicks supported by a material that constitutes a fuel which
...
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