ASTM F381-16

Standard Safety Specification for Components, Assembly, Use, and Labeling of Consumer Trampolines

ABSTRACT
This safety specification covers the components, the assembly, and the use of consumer trampolines. This specification is intended to reduce the demonstrated hazards associated with the use of trampolines by consumers in home environments. It is not intended to apply to institutional trampolines. Trampolines that adhere to this specification are not recommended for use by children under six years of age. When a trampoline is offered for sale, it shall include a frame, a bed, a suspension system, frame padding, information packet and suitable markings. A trampoline ladder shall not be included as a component part or within the same packaging. Roller stands shall be included for portable trampolines. Shock attenuation test shall be performed on the frame padding. However, a drop test shall be performed for trampolines without frame padding. Drop test shall be performed on the frame padding, while a survivability drop test shall be performed on the edge system if other than a frame padding. Padding attachment system test shall be performed to determine padding retention.
SCOPE
1.1 This safety specification covers the components, the assembly, and the use of consumer trampolines.  
1.2 This specification is delimited in its application to trampolines of (1) a minimum bed size of 3300 in.2  (21 300 cm2), (2) a minimum height of 20 in. (51 cm), (3) intended for the purpose of continuous, vertical jumping activities and (4) intended for consumer use.  
1.3 This specification is intended (1) to reduce the demonstrated hazards associated with the use of trampolines by consumers; (2) for trampolines used in a home environment by a single user; and (3) not to apply to institutional trampolines or trampolines intended for use on water. Trampolines that adhere to this specification are not recommended for use by children under six years of age.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the hazards associated with trampolines. The standard's existence alone will not necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, trampoline use involves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This specification includes the following sections and selected subsections.    
Title  
Section Number  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Included Components  
4  
Materials and Manufacture  
5  
Design Requirements  
5.2  
Performance Requirements  
5.3  
Performance Requirements  
6  
Shock Attenuation  
6.1  
Drop Test  
6.2  
Drop test weight and impactor shape.  
6.2.5  
Drop test procedure.  
6.2.6  
Padding Attachment System Strength  
6.3  
Padding Attachment System Strength Test
Procedure  
6.3.1  
Drop Test for Trampoline Edge Survivability  
6.4  
Drop Test Procedure for Trampolines
Where Frame Padding Is Not Required  
6.4.1  
Crush and Shear Points  
6.5  
Ultraviolet (UV) Resistant Materials Test  
6.6  
Static Load Tests  
6.7  
Static Load Test on Trampoline Bed  
6.7.1  
Static Load Test on Trampoline Frame  
6.7.2  
Procedure for Static Load Tests  
6.7.4  
Information Packet:  
7  
Packet Marketing and Contents  
7.1  
Assembly and Installation Instructions  
7.2  
Care and Maintenance Instructions  
7.3 ...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2016
• ICS: 97.220.30 - Indoor sports equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.17 - Trampolines and Related Equipment

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F381-15 - Standard Safety Specification for Components, Assembly, Use, and Labeling of Consumer Trampolines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2016
• Refers: ASTM F355-23 - Standard Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM F2774-09(2020) - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Consumer Trampoline Bed Material
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM F355-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM F355-16 - Standard Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems, Other Protective Sport Systems, and Materials Used for Athletics, Recreation and Play
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM F2225-15 - Standard Safety Specification for Consumer Trampoline Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Refers: ASTM F2774-09(2014) - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Consumer Trampoline Bed Material
• Effective Date: 15-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM F2225-13 - Standard Safety Specification for Consumer Trampoline Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM F2225-12 - Standard Safety Specification for Consumer Trampoline Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2012
• Refers: ASTM F1487-11 - Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2011
• Refers: ASTM B117-11 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Refers: ASTM F355-10a - Standard Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems and Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Refers: ASTM D638-10 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM F355-10 - Standard Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems and Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2010
• Refers: ASTM F355-09 - Standard Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems and Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2009

Overview

ASTM F381-16: Standard Safety Specification for Components, Assembly, Use, and Labeling of Consumer Trampolines establishes safety requirements to minimize risks for users of consumer trampolines intended for home environments. Published by ASTM International, this standard focuses on design, construction, installation, labeling, and instructional information to reduce the demonstrated hazards associated with trampoline use. This specification is not intended for institutional trampolines or trampolines designed for water use. Compliance with ASTM F381-16 ensures trampolines are safer and come with clear warnings and guidance for consumers.

Key Topics

1. Components and Assembly Requirements

• Trampolines must include a frame, bed (jumping surface), suspension system, frame padding (where required), enclosures (per ASTM F2225), information packet, and suitable markings.
• Portable trampolines must be supplied with roller stands.
• Trampoline ladders should NOT be included within the same packaging to reduce unsupervised access by young children.

2. Design and Material Specifications

• Frame and leg assemblies must be constructed to avoid accidental separation and reduce sharp points and edges.
• Frame padding should offer visual contrast to the jumping surface for visibility and must be securely attached, impact-resistant, and made from UV-resistant materials.
• All fasteners and hardware must be tamper-resistant and corrosion-resistant.

3. Performance and Safety Testing

• Shock attenuation tests ensure frame padding provides adequate impact protection.
• Drop testing procedures apply to both frame padding and alternative edge systems.
• Crush and shear points must be eliminated to avoid entrapment hazards.
• Static load tests verify the robustness of the bed and frame under weight loads, ensuring long-term durability.

4. User Information and Product Labeling

• Each trampoline must be shipped with clear assembly, care, maintenance, and use instructions.
• Warning labels must highlight the risk of severe injury from unsafe behaviors, such as somersaulting or multiple simultaneous users.
• Information should be provided in English and other applicable formats and must follow guidelines for durability and legibility.

Applications

ASTM F381-16 applies to the design, manufacture, sale, and installation of consumer trampolines for residential use. Implementing this standard is important for:

• Manufacturers: Ensuring design compliance, minimizing liability, and supporting consumer safety.
• Retailers and Distributors: Verifying that trampolines on offer meet established safety requirements.
• Consumers and Homeowners: Making informed choices and following best practices for assembly, maintenance, and safe use.
• Product Testing Laboratories: Conducting compliance and performance testing as described in the standard.

Key safety practices, such as restricting use to one person at a time, supervising children, conducting pre-use inspections, and posting visible warning instructions, are central to reducing risks.

Related Standards

Several standards are referenced within ASTM F381-16 to support comprehensive trampoline safety:

• ASTM F2225: Safety Specification for Consumer Trampoline Enclosures
• ASTM F1487: Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use
• ASTM F2774: Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Consumer Trampoline Bed Material
• ANSI Z535.4: Product Safety Signs and Labels
• 16 CFR Part 1500: Regulations for sharp points and edges in products intended for children

Utilizing ASTM F381-16 in alignment with these related standards ensures a holistic approach to consumer trampoline safety and risk mitigation-benefiting both industry stakeholders and end users.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F381 −16 An American National Standard
Standard Safety Specification for
Components, Assembly, Use, and Labeling of Consumer
Trampolines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF381;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Included Components 4
Materials and Manufacture 5
1.1 This safety specification covers the components, the
Design Requirements 5.2
assembly, and the use of consumer trampolines. Performance Requirements 5.3
Performance Requirements 6
1.2 This specification is delimited in its application to
Shock Attenuation 6.1
Drop Test 6.2
trampolines of (1) a minimum bed size of 3300 in. (21 300
2 Drop test weight and impactor shape. 6.2.5
cm ), (2) a minimum height of 20 in. (51 cm), (3) intended for
Drop test procedure. 6.2.6
the purpose of continuous, vertical jumping activities and (4)
Padding Attachment System Strength 6.3
Padding Attachment System Strength Test 6.3.1
intended for consumer use.
Procedure
1.3 This specification is intended (1) to reduce the demon- Drop Test for Trampoline Edge Survivability 6.4
Drop Test Procedure for Trampolines 6.4.1
strated hazards associated with the use of trampolines by
Where Frame Padding Is Not Required
consumers; (2) for trampolines used in a home environment by
Crush and Shear Points 6.5
a single user; and (3) not to apply to institutional trampolines Ultraviolet (UV) Resistant Materials Test 6.6
Static Load Tests 6.7
or trampolines intended for use on water. Trampolines that
Static Load Test on Trampoline Bed 6.7.1
adhere to this specification are not recommended for use by
Static Load Test on Trampoline Frame 6.7.2
Procedure for Static Load Tests 6.7.4
children under six years of age.
Information Packet: 7
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Packet Marketing and Contents 7.1
Assembly and Installation Instructions 7.2
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Care and Maintenance Instructions 7.3
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Warning Information 7.4
and are not considered standard. Use Instructions 7.5
Product Marking: 8
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Identification 8.1
hazards associated with trampolines. The standard’s existence
On-Trampoline Warnings 8.2
Instruction Sign 8.3
alone will not necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical
Packaging and Package Marking 9
activities, trampoline use involves the risk of injury, particu-
Access Devices: 10
larly if the equipment is used improperly. Trampoline Ladders 10.1
Ladder Warning 10.2
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Keywords 11
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Appendix
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2. Referenced Documents
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.7 This specification includes the following sections and B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
selected subsections. D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
Title Section Number
Scope 1
ness
Referenced Documents 2
F355 TestMethodforImpactAttenuationofPlayingSurface
Terminology 3
Systems and Materials
F1487 ConsumerSafetyPerformanceSpecificationforPlay-
ground Equipment for Public Use
This safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on
Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.17 on Trampolines and Related Equipment. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2016.PublishedJuly2016.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
in1974.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2015asF381 – 15.DOI:10.1520/F0381- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F381 − 16
F2225 SafetySpecificationforConsumerTrampolineEnclo- 3.1.13 portable, adj—able to be easily moved without
sures disassembly, though usually requiring the assistance of devices
F2774 Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Con- such as roller stands. Folding-type trampolines are often
sumer Trampoline Bed Material intended to be portable.
2.2 AATCC Standard: 3.1.14 roller stand, n—device that is used to assist in
AATCC Method 169 rolling/moving a folding-type trampoline frame.
2.3 ANSI Standard: 3.1.15 suspension system, n—bed-supporting system made
ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels up of elastic devices that connect the bed to the frame, for
example, steel extension springs.
2.4 Federal Standards:
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a 3.1.16 trampoline, n—rebound device activated by vertical
Sharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use jumping, upon which gymnastics skills and exercises are
by Children Under 8 Years of Age performed.
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a
3.1.17 trampoline ladder, n—ladder-like device specifically
Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles
designed for use with a trampoline and designed to be easily
Intended for Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age
removable.
3. Terminology
4. Included Components
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.1 Whenatrampolineisofferedforsale,itshallincludethe
3.1.1 access device, n—device used for access to or egress
following: (1) a frame, (2) a bed, (3) a suspension system, (4)
from a trampoline bed including, but not limited to, trampoline
frame padding (where the frame is in the plane of the bed), (5)
ladders.
an enclosure in compliance with Safety Specification F2225,
(6) an information packet, and (7) suitable markings.
3.1.2 bed, n—flexible surface which the user contacts in the
course of bouncing on a trampoline.
4.2 When a trampoline is offered for sale, a trampoline
3.1.3 bouncing, n—action considered as normal use of a ladder shall not be included as a component part or within the
same packaging.
trampoline consisting of continuous, vertical jumping wherein
each landing is in near proximity to the previous landing.
4.3 When a portable trampoline is offered for sale, it shall
3.1.4 consumer trampoline, n—trampoline intended for use
include all of the components in 4.1 plus appropriate roller
in a home environment. stands.
4.3.1 For folding-type trampolines, the information in 7.5.1
3.1.5 folding-type trampoline, n—trampoline whose frame
and 8.3.3 shall also include the following:
can be folded when not in use. See portable.
4.3.1.1 Use two or more strong people to open and close
3.1.6 frame, n—framework constructed of rigid supportive
folding-type trampolines.
materials from which the bed is suspended.
3.1.7 frame padding, n—shock-attenuating protective de-
5. Materials and Manufacture
vice(s) that attaches to the frame to cover the frame and
5.1 The provisions in Section 5 shall apply to a trampoline
suspension system in the plane of the bed.
assembled as instructed in the owner’s manual. All perfor-
3.1.8 institutional trampoline, n—trampoline intended for
mancetestsshallbeconductedonafullyassembledtrampoline
use in a commercial or institutional facility.
andenclosure(ifsoldasaunit)unlessotherwisedirectedinthe
test requirements.
3.1.9 ladder, n—see trampoline ladder.
3.1.10 legs, n—theframeworkconstructedofrigidmaterials 5.2 Design Requirements:
which support the frame above the ground or floor. 5.2.1 The trampoline shall be designed such that no part of
the frame or legs can be contacted by the bed while bouncing.
3.1.11 mat, n—common, though non-preferred term refer-
All frame and leg assemblies shall be joined or fastened
ring to bed.
together so that it requires either two distinct motions to
3.1.12 maximum specified user weight, n—maximum
separate those parts or tools to remove fasteners, to avoid
weight of a user as specified by the manufacturer.
unintentional separation.
3.1.12.1 Discussion—The manufacturer must ensure the
5.2.2 The frame padding shall be of a color which contrasts
maximum specified user weight meets the requirements of
with the color of the trampoline bed.
Section 6.
5.2.3 The suspension system shall be designed so as to
protect the performer from injury due to contact with the sharp
ends of the trampoline springs.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
5.3 Performance Requirements:
(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
www.aatcc.org.
5.3.1 The frame padding, where required, shall be designed
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
to remain securely attached to the frame when tested to the
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
requirements of 6.2 and 6.3. All tests shall be conducted at
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentAccountabilityOffice(GAO),441GSt.,NW,
Washington, DC 20548, http://www.gao.gov. ambient temperatures (nominally 68 6 5°F (20 6 3°C)).
F381 − 16
5.3.2 Materials used in any pad cover, frame padding, cover the bolt beyond the face of a nut when the nut is tightened to
attachments, tie down(s), and pad seams normally exposed to a torque between 20 and 25 lbf-in (2.3 to 2.8 N-m).
sunlightshallbemadefromultraviolet(UV)resistantmaterials
5.3.9 If the exposed bolt end is not free of burrs, sharp
and meet the performance requirements of 6.6.
points, or sharp edges, or a combination thereof, then the
5.3.3 Material used in the trampoline mat shall meet the
threaded ends of bolts may be covered by smooth, tight-fitting
requirements specified in Practice F2774.
caps that shall resist a torque of 4 lbf-in (0.45 N-m) and a
5.3.4 Except for necessary seams, the frame padding, where
tensile force of 15 lbf (67 N) without loosening.
required, shall cover the entire top surface of the frame and be
5.3.10 All fasteners shall be corrosion resistant to a level
wide enough to completely cover the entire top surface of the
where no rust is evident after a 24-h salt spray test to Practice
suspension system and frame when subjected to the tests
B117.
specified in 6.2.
5.3.11 No welds shall be made to any steel frame or
5.3.5 All information, instructions, and warnings shall be
accessory component with a thickness of less than 0.059 in.
provided in English in addition to any other formats used, for
(1.5 mm).
example, graphical, video, multilingual, etc.
5.3.12 No “saddle” welds shall be made to any steel frame
5.3.6 When installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
or accessory component with a thickness of less than 0.071 in.
instructions, fasteners, lock washers, self-locking nuts, or other
(1.8 mm). An example of a saddle-welded tee fitting is shown
lockingmeansshallbeprovidedforallnutsandboltstoprotect
in Fig. 1.
themfromunintentionalloosening;self-lockingnutsmustfully
5.3.13 All welded joints shall be rendered corrosion resis-
engage with the bolt. Hardware in moving joints shall also be
secured against unintentional loosening. Any other fastening tant to a level where no rust is evident after a 24-h salt spray
test to Practice B117.
systems shall comply with the requirement that effective
locking requires two separate and distinct motions for release.
5.3.14 No component shall be capable of presenting a
5.3.7 There shall be no accessible sharp points or edges on
protrusion hazard during foreseeable use.
fasteners when tested in accordance with 16 CFR 1500.48 and
NOTE 1—Test requirements that define a protrusion are in Specification
16 CFR 1500.49.
F1487, Subsection 6.3.
5.3.8 Bolt ends projecting beyond the face of the nut shall
be free of burrs, sharp points, and sharp edges when tested in 5.3.15 There shall be no accessible burrs, sharp points, or
accordance with 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49. An sharp edges on tubing when tested in accordance with 16 CFR
accessible bolt end shall not extend more than the diameter of 1500.48and16CFR1500.49.Endcapsorplugsthatcannotbe
FIG. 1 Saddle Welded Tee Fitting
F381 − 16
removed without the use of tools on tubing may be used to 6.2.1 The impactor shall not tear the cover or completely
meet this requirement. penetrate the padding;
6.2.2 Seams of the padding shall not separate;
6. Performance Requirements
6.2.3 Thepadattachmentsshallnotseparatefromthepador
6.1 Shock Attenuation—Where padding is required, the frame; and
shock-attenuating material used in the frame padding, as
6.2.4 The padding shall continue to cover the frame,
measuredtoincludetheframeandaminimumof2in.fromthe
springs, and frame hardware when the impactor is removed
inside edge of the frame, shall limit the severity index to less
from the surface of the padding.
than 450, when the same thickness as used in the frame
6.2.5 Drop Test Weight and Impactor Shape—The drop
padding is tested in accordance with Test Method F355 using
weight will consist of a 23-kg (50-lb) mass with a wooden
2 2
a20-lb(9-kg),20-in. (129-cm )round,flatheaddroppedfrom
impacting surface. See Fig. 2. The edges of the impact surface
a distance of 2 ft (61 cm).
are radiused and the heel and toe of the surface are contoured
6.1.1 Where padding is not required, the shock attenuating
as shown in Fig. 2.
properties of any part of the trampoline edge shall limit the
6.2.6 Drop Test Procedure—The impactor shall be dropped
severity index to less than 450, when tested on a fully
in a guided free-fall to contact the surface of the padding. The
assembled trampoline in accordance with Test Method F355
surface of the impactor shall be flat and parallel (within 5°) to
2 2
using a 20-lb (9-kg), 20-in. (129 cm ) round, flat head
the surface of the padding on the initial contact with the pad.
dropped from a distance of 2 ft (61 cm).
The impactor shall be dropped on the portion of the padding
6.2 Drop Test—A drop test will be performed on the frame covering the springs. The impactor shall be centered to impact
padding attached to a trampoline and assembled in accordance at a location midway between the inner edge of the frame rail
withthemanufacturer’sinstructions.Thedroptestshallusethe and the edge of the trampoline bed. The impactor shall be
equipment and procedures described in 6.2.5 and 6.2.6.Asa raised to a height of 12 in. (tolerance -0/+5 in.) (305 mm
result of the test: [-0/+13 mm]) above the surface of the padding. The impactor
FIG. 2 Drop-Test Impactor Shape
F381 − 16
shall be dropped at a minimum of two times near each of the trampoline. The test is conducted on a fully assembled tram-
following locations, consistent with the required spacing cen- poline with padding attached, according to the manufacturer’s
tered between the springs:
instructions.
6.2.6.1 Midway between attachment points,
6.3.1 Padding Retention:
6.2.6.2 Adjacent to an attachment point,
6.3.1.1 Secure the fully assembled trampoline to the floor or
6.2.6.3 At a pad seam, and
brace it to prevent movement of the trampoline as a result of
6.2.6.4 Above a leg.
the applied forces.
6.2.7 After the first impact, the impactor shall be raised to
6.3.1.2 Place the trampoline pad pull fixture shown in Fig. 3
its initial drop height. The results of the test with regard to pad
with the fixture hooks facing down on the trampoline pad. The
integrity and coverage will be assessed. The padding shall not
fixture hook opening may be either of fixed thickness, adjust-
be disturbed after removal of the impactor. The impactor is
able to the padding thickness, or V-shaped.
dropped a second time and the results recorded.
6.3.1.3 Fixed thickness hooks shall be the thickness of the
6.3 Padding Attachment System Tests—Thetestdescribedin
padding 6 ⁄8 in. (63 mm). Adjustable fixture hooks shall be
6.3.1 is intended to measure the ability of the padding
adjusted to the thickness of the pad.Adjustable hooks shall be
attachment system to keep the frame pad in place when
subjected to typical forces imposed by users. The test in 6.3.1 adjusted to the thickness of the padding 6 ⁄8 in. (63 mm).
simulates a user climbing onto the trampoline by holding on to V-shapedhooksshallnotcompressthepaddingthicknessmore
the edge of the padding and climbing onto the bed of the than ⁄8 in. (3 mm).
FIG. 3 Trampoline Pad Pull Fixture
F381 − 16
6.3.1.4 Attach the fixture to the pad. Grasp the inside the test there shall be no evidence of permanent damage or
diameter edge of the frame pad as shown in Fig. 4. deformation to the edge system.
6.3.1.5 Using the outboard hook of the fixture, gradually 6.4.1 Drop Test Procedure for Trampolines Where Frame
apply a horizontal force of 85 6 5 lbf (380 6 20 N) parallel to Padding Is Not Required—The impactor shall be dropped in a
theplaneofthematandradiallyoutwardfromthecenterofthe guided free-fall to contact the surface. The surface of the
trampoline.Apply the force at each of three locations shown in impactor shall be flat and horizontal (within 5°) on initial
Fig. 4 such that: (1) a pad attachment tie down is centered contact with the surface.The impactor shall be dropped on any
between the fixture arms, (2) the fixture is centered between portion of the edge system, such that the impactor footprint
adjacent pad attachment tie downs, and (3) a pad seam is doesnotextendintospacebeyondtheedgeoftheedgesystem.
centered between the fixture arms. The impactor shall be raised to a height of 12 in. (tolerance
6.3.1.6 Immediately release the force after it reaches 85 lbf 60.5 in.) (305 mm (613 mm)) above the surface. The
(380 N). Repeat the force application two additional times at impactor shall be dropped a minimum of 2 times on each
the same location. After the third application of the force, chosen location.At least the following three locations shall be
release the force and remove the fixture without adjusting the tested:
position of the pad. 6.4.1.1 Midwaybetweenthetwosuspensionelementattach-
6.3.1.7 The padding attachment system passes this test if
mentpoints,withtheimpactorlongaxisorientedperpendicular
after removal of the force and test fixture: to the bed edge;
(1) The padding continues to cover the trampoline’s frame,
6.4.1.2 Centrally on a suspension element attachment point,
springs, and associated hardware, with the impactor long axis oriented perpendicular to the bed
(2) The pad attachment is not broken or separated from the
edge; and
pad or frame, and 6.4.1.3 With the impactor edge aligned to any structural
(3) The pad cover (material or seams) is not torn.
stitch line.
6.4.2 After the first impact, the impactor shall be raised to
6.4 Drop Test for Trampoline Edge Survivability—Where a
its initial drop height. The results of the test with regard to
systemotherthanframepaddingisusedforimpactattenuation,
systemintegritywillbeassessed.Theimpactorguidesshallnot
a survivability drop test will be performed on the edge system.
be moved between impacts. The impactor shall be dropped a
The trampoline shall be assembled in accordance with the
second time and the results recorded.
manufacturer’s instructions. The drop test shall use the equip-
ment and procedures described in 6.2 and 6.4.1. As a result of
6.5 Crush and Shear Points—There shall be no crush or
shear points caused by junctures of two components moving
relative to one another, or at an opening present in any location
on the assembled trampoline in normal use that could cause a
contusion, laceration, abrasion, amputation, or fracture. A
crush or shear point is any point that allows a ⁄16 in. (5 mm)
diameter neoprene rod to enter at one or more positions and
entraps at one or more positions a ⁄2-in. (13-mm) diameter
neoprene rod. Entrapment shall mean that a force of more than
2 lbf (9 N) is required to pull out the rod. The neoprene rods
shallhaveahardnessreadingbetween50and60asdetermined
byaTypeAdurometerinaccordancewithTestMethodD2240.
6.6 Ultraviolet (UV) Resistant Materials Test:
6.6.1 Any pad cover, frame padding, cover attachments, tie
down(s), and pad seams normally exposed to sunlight shall be
exposed for ultraviolet (UV) resistance using accelerated
weathering chambers and shall retain at least 80 % of its
original tensile strength.
6.6.2 Specimens to be tested shall be normal tensile test
samples from the finished material.
6.6.3 Tensile Test—Test exposed and non-exposed (control
samples) tensile test samples, in accordance with Test Method
D638, at a testing rate of 2 in. (51 mm)/min.
6.6.4 The specimens are to be exposed according to the
following procedures: Accelerated Weathering Procedure (Xe-
nonLampExposure).Thetestprocedureshallbeinaccordance
with AATCC Method 169, except the following deviations
shall apply:
(1) Theapparatusshallbeequippedwitha
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F381 − 15 F381 − 16 An American National Standard
Standard Safety Specification for
Components, Assembly, Use, and Labeling of Consumer
Trampolines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This safety specification covers the components, the assembly, and the use of consumer trampolines.
2 2
1.2 This specification is delimited in its application to trampolines of (1) a minimum bed size of 3300 in. (21 300 cm ), (2)
a minimum height of 20 in. (51 cm), (3) intended for the purpose of continuous, vertical jumping activities and (4) intended for
consumer use.
1.3 This specification is intended (1) to reduce the demonstrated hazards associated with the use of trampolines by consumers;
(2) for trampolines used in a home environment by a single user; and (3) not to apply to institutional trampolines or trampolines
intended for use on water. Trampolines that adhere to this specification are not recommended for use by children under six years
of age.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the hazards associated with trampolines. The standard’s existence alone
will not necessarily prevent injuries. Like other physical activities, trampoline use involves the risk of injury, particularly if the
equipment is used improperly.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This specification includes the following sections and selected subsections.
Title Section Number
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Included Components 4
Materials and Manufacture 5
Design Requirements 5.2
Performance Requirements 5.3
Performance Requirements 6
Shock Attenuation 6.1
Drop Test 6.2
Drop test weight and impactor shape. 6.2.5
Drop test procedure. 6.2.6
Padding Attachment System Strength 6.3
Padding Attachment System Strength Test 6.3.1
Procedure
Drop Test for Trampoline Edge Survivability 6.4
Drop Test Procedure for Trampolines 6.4.1
Where Frame Padding Is Not Required
Crush and Shear Points 6.5
Ultraviolet (UV) Resistant Materials Test 6.6
Static Load Tests 6.7
Static Load Test on Trampoline Bed 6.7.1
Static Load Test on Trampoline Frame 6.7.2
Procedure for Static Load Tests 6.7.4
This safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.17 on Trampolines and Related Equipment.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015June 1, 2016. Published August 2015July 2016. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 as
F381 – 14.F381 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/F0381-15.10.1520/F0381-16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F381 − 16
Information Packet: 7
Packet Marketing and Contents 7.1
Assembly and Installation Instructions 7.2
Care and Maintenance Instructions 7.3
Warning Information 7.4
Use Instructions 7.5
Product Marking: 8
Identification 8.1
On-Trampoline Warnings 8.2
Instruction Sign 8.3
Packaging and Package Marking 9
Access Devices: 10
Trampoline Ladders 10.1
Ladder Warning 10.2
Keywords 11
Appendix
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
F355 Test Method for Impact Attenuation of Playing Surface Systems and Materials
F1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use
F2225 Safety Specification for Consumer Trampoline Enclosures
F2774 Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Consumer Trampoline Bed Material
2.2 AATCC Standard:
AATCC Method 169
2.3 ANSI Standard:
ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels
2.4 Federal Standards:
16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children
Under 8 Years of Age
16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Intended for
Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 access device, n—device used for access to or egress from a trampoline bed including, but not limited to, trampoline
ladders.
3.1.2 bed, n—flexible surface which the user contacts in the course of bouncing on a trampoline.
3.1.3 bouncing, n—action considered as normal use of a trampoline consisting of continuous, vertical jumping wherein each
landing is in near proximity to the previous landing.
3.1.4 consumer trampoline, n—trampoline intended for use in a home environment.
3.1.5 folding-type trampoline, n—trampoline whose frame can be folded when not in use. See portable.
3.1.6 frame, n—framework constructed of rigid supportive materials from which the bed is suspended.
3.1.7 frame padding, n—shock-attenuating protective device(s) that attaches to the frame to cover the frame and suspension
system in the plane of the bed.
3.1.8 institutional trampoline, n—trampoline intended for use in a commercial or institutional facility.
3.1.9 ladder, n—see trampoline ladder.
3.1.10 legs, n—the framework constructed of rigid materials which support the frame above the ground or floor.
3.1.11 mat, n—common, though non-preferred term referring to bed.
3.1.12 maximum specified user weight, n—maximum weight of a user as specified by the manufacturer.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Available from U. S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), 441 G St., NW, Washington, DC 20548, http://www.gao.gov.
F381 − 16
3.1.12.1 Discussion—
The manufacturer must ensure the maximum specified user weight meets the requirements of Section 6.
3.1.13 portable, adj—able to be easily moved without disassembly, though usually requiring the assistance of devices such as
roller stands. Folding-type trampolines are often intended to be portable.
3.1.14 roller stand, n—device that is used to assist in rolling/moving a folding-type trampoline frame.
3.1.15 suspension system, n—bed-supporting system made up of elastic devices that connect the bed to the frame, for example,
steel extension springs.
3.1.16 trampoline, n—rebound device activated by vertical jumping, upon which gymnastics skills and exercises are performed.
3.1.17 trampoline ladder, n—ladder-like device specifically designed for use with a trampoline and designed to be easily
removable.
4. Included Components
4.1 When a trampoline is offered for sale, it shall include the following: (1) a frame, (2) a bed, (3) a suspension system, (4) frame
padding (where the frame is in the plane of the bed), (5) an enclosure in compliance with Safety Specification F2225, (6) an
information packet, and (7) suitable markings.
4.2 When a trampoline is offered for sale, a trampoline ladder shall not be included as a component part or within the same
packaging.
4.3 When a portable trampoline is offered for sale, it shall include all of the components in 4.1 plus appropriate roller stands.
4.3.1 For folding-type trampolines, the information in 7.5.1 and 8.3.3 shall also include the following:
4.3.1.1 Use two or more strong people to open and close folding-type trampolines.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The provisions in Section 5 shall apply to a trampoline assembled as instructed in the owner’s manual. All performance tests
shall be conducted on a fully assembled trampoline and enclosure (if sold as a unit) unless otherwise directed in the test
requirements.
5.2 Design Requirements:
5.2.1 The trampoline shall be designed such that no part of the frame or legs can be contacted by the bed while bouncing. All
frame and leg assemblies shall be joined or fastened together so that it requires either two distinct motions to separate those parts
or tools to remove fasteners, to avoid unintentional separation.
5.2.2 The frame padding shall be of a color which contrasts with the color of the trampoline bed.
5.2.3 The suspension system shall be designed so as to protect the performer from injury due to contact with the sharp ends of
the trampoline springs.
5.3 Performance Requirements:
5.3.1 The frame padding, where required, shall be designed to remain securely attached to the frame when tested to the
requirements of 6.2 and 6.3. All tests shall be conducted at ambient temperatures (nominally 68 6 5°F (20 6 3°C)).
5.3.2 Materials used in any pad cover, frame padding, cover attachments, tie down(s), and pad seams normally exposed to
sunlight shall be made from ultraviolet (UV) resistant materials and meet the performance requirements of 6.6.
5.3.3 Material used in the trampoline mat shall meet the requirements specified in Practice F2774.
5.3.4 Except for necessary seams, the frame padding, where required, shall cover the entire top surface of the frame and be wide
enough to completely cover the entire top surface of the suspension system and frame when subjected to the tests specified in 6.2.
5.3.5 All information, instructions, and warnings shall be provided in English in addition to any other formats used, for example,
graphical, video, multilingual, etc.
5.3.6 When installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, fasteners, lock washers, self-locking nuts, or other
locking means shall be provided for all nuts and bolts to protect them from unintentional loosening; self-locking nuts must fully
engage with the bolt. Hardware in moving joints shall also be secured against unintentional loosening. Any other fastening systems
shall comply with the requirement that effective locking requires two separate and distinct motions for release.
5.3.7 There shall be no accessible sharp points or edges on fasteners when tested in accordance with 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16
CFR 1500.49.
5.3.8 Bolt ends projecting beyond the face of the nut shall be free of burrs, sharp points, and sharp edges when tested in
accordance with 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49. An accessible bolt end shall not extend more than the diameter of the bolt
beyond the face of a nut when the nut is tightened to a torque between 20 and 25 lbf-in (2.3 to 2.8 N-m).
5.3.9 If the exposed bolt end is not free of burrs, sharp points, or sharp edges, or a combination thereof, then the threaded ends
of bolts may be covered by smooth, tight-fitting caps that shall resist a torque of 4 lbf-in (0.45 N-m) and a tensile force of 15 lbf
(67 N) without loosening.
5.3.10 All fasteners shall be corrosion resistant to a level where no rust is evident after a 24-h salt spray test to Practice B117.
F381 − 16
5.3.11 No welds shall be made to any steel frame or accessory component with a thickness of less than 0.059 in. (1.5 mm).
5.3.12 No “saddle” welds shall be made to any steel frame or accessory component with a thickness of less than 0.071 in. (1.8
mm). An example of a saddle-welded tee fitting is shown in Fig. 1.
5.3.13 All welded joints shall be rendered corrosion resistant to a level where no rust is evident after a 24-h salt spray test to
Practice B117.
5.3.14 No component shall be capable of presenting a protrusion hazard during foreseeable use.
NOTE 1—Test requirements that define a protrusion are in Specification F1487, Subsection 6.3.
5.3.15 There shall be no accessible burrs, sharp points, or sharp edges on tubing when tested in accordance with 16 CFR
1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49. End caps or plugs that cannot be removed without the use of tools on tubing may be used to meet
this requirement.
6. Performance Requirements
6.1 Shock Attenuation—Where padding is required, the shock-attenuating material used in the frame padding, as measured to
include the frame and a minimum of 2 in. from the inside edge of the frame, shall limit the severity index to less than 450, when
the same thickness as used in the frame padding is tested in accordance with Test Method F355 using a 20-lb (9-kg), 20-in.
(129-cm ) round, flat head dropped from a distance of 2 ft (61 cm).
6.1.1 Where padding is not required, the shock attenuating properties of any part of the trampoline edge shall limit the severity
index to less than 450, when tested on a fully assembled trampoline in accordance with Test Method F355 using a 20-lb (9-kg),
2 2
20-in. (129 cm ) round, flat head dropped from a distance of 2 ft (61 cm).
6.2 Drop Test—A drop test will be performed on the frame padding attached to a trampoline and assembled in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions. The drop test shall use the equipment and procedures described in 6.2.5 and 6.2.6. As a result of
the test:
6.2.1 The impactor shall not tear the cover or completely penetrate the padding;
6.2.2 Seams of the padding shall not separate;
6.2.3 The pad attachments shall not separate from the pad or frame; and
6.2.4 The padding shall continue to cover the frame, springs, and frame hardware when the impactor is removed from the
surface of the padding.
6.2.5 Drop Test Weight and Impactor Shape—The drop weight will consist of a 23-kg (50-lb) mass with a wooden impacting
surface. See Fig. 2. The edges of the impact surface are radiused and the heel and toe of the surface are contoured as shown in
Fig. 2.
FIG. 1 Saddle Welded Tee Fitting
F381 − 16
FIG. 2 Drop-Test Impactor Shape
6.2.6 Drop Test Procedure—The impactor shall be dropped in a guided free-fall to contact the surface of the padding. The
surface of the impactor shall be flat and parallel (within 5°) to the surface of the padding on the initial contact with the pad. The
impactor shall be dropped on the portion of the padding covering the springs. The impactor shall be centered to impact at a location
midway between the inner edge of the frame rail and the edge of the trampoline bed. The impactor shall be raised to a height of
12 in. (tolerance -0/+5 in.) (305 mm [-0/+13 mm]) above the surface of the padding. The impactor shall be dropped at a minimum
of two times near each of the following locations, consistent with the required spacing centered between the springs:
6.2.6.1 Midway between attachment points,
6.2.6.2 Adjacent to an attachment point,
6.2.6.3 At a pad seam, and
6.2.6.4 Above a leg.
6.2.7 After the first impact, the impactor shall be raised to its initial drop height. The results of the test with regard to pad
integrity and coverage will be assessed. The padding shall not be disturbed after removal of the impactor. The impactor is dropped
a second time and the results recorded.
6.3 Padding Attachment System Tests—The test described in 6.3.1 is intended to measure the ability of the padding attachment
system to keep the frame pad in place when subjected to typical forces imposed by users. The test in 6.3.1 simulates a user climbing
onto the trampoline by holding on to the edge of the padding and climbing onto the bed of the trampoline. The test is conducted
on a fully assembled trampoline with padding attached, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
6.3.1 Padding Retention:
6.3.1.1 Secure the fully assembled trampoline to the floor or brace it to prevent movement of the trampoline as a result of the
applied forces.
6.3.1.2 Place the trampoline pad pull fixture shown in Fig. 3 with the fixture hooks facing down on the trampoline pad. The
fixture hook opening may be either of fixed thickness, adjustable to the padding thickness, or V-shaped.
6.3.1.3 Fixed thickness hooks shall be the thickness of the padding 6 ⁄8 in. (63 mm). Adjustable fixture hooks shall be adjusted
to the thickness of the pad. Adjustable hooks shall be adjusted to the thickness of the padding 6 ⁄8 in. (63 mm). V-shaped hooks
shall not compress the padding thickness more than ⁄8 in. (3 mm).
F381 − 16
FIG. 3 Trampoline Pad Pull Fixture
6.3.1.4 Attach the fixture to the pad. Grasp the inside diameter edge of the frame pad as shown in Fig. 4.
6.3.1.5 Using the outboard hook of the fixture, gradually apply a horizontal force of 85 6 5 lbf (380 6 20 N) parallel to the
plane of the mat and radially outward from the center of the trampoline. Apply the force at each of three locations shown in Fig.
4 such that: (1) a pad attachment tie down is centered between the fixture arms, (2) the fixture is centered between adjacent pad
attachment tie downs, and (3) a pad seam is centered between the fixture arms.
6.3.1.6 Immediately release the force after it reaches 85 lbf (380 N). Repeat the force application two additional times at the
same location. After the third application of the force, release the force and remove the fixture without adjusting the position of
the pad.
6.3.1.7 The padding attachment system passes this test if after removal of the force and test fixture:
(1) The padding continues to cover the trampoline’s frame, springs, and associated hardware,
(2) The pad attachment is not broken or separated from the pad or frame, and
(3) The pad cover (material or seams) is not torn.
6.4 Drop Test for Trampoline Edge Survivability—Where a system other than frame padding is used for impact attenuation, a
survivability drop test will be performed on the edge system. The trampoline shall be assembled in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. The drop test shall use the equipment and procedures described in 6.2 and 6.4.1. As a result of the test
there shall be no evidence of permanent damage or deformation to the edge system.
6.4.1 Drop Test Procedure for Trampolines Where Frame Padding Is Not Required—The impactor shall be dropped in a guided
free-fall to contact the surface. The surface of the impactor shall be flat and horizontal (within 5°) on initial contact with the surface.
F381 − 16
FIG. 4 Force Locations
The impactor shall be dropped on any portion of the edge system, such that the impactor footprint does not extend into space
beyond the edge of the edge system. The impactor shall be raised to a height of 12 in. (tolerance 60.5 in.) (305 mm (613 mm))
above the surface. The impactor shall be dropped a minimum of 2 times on each chosen location. At least the following three
locations shall be tested:
6.4.1.1 Midway between the two suspension element attachment points, with the impactor long axis oriented perpendicular to
the bed edge;
6.4.1.2 Centrally on a suspension element attachment point, with the impactor long axis oriented perpendicular to the bed edge;
and
6.4.1.3 With the impactor edge aligned to any structural stitch line.
6.4.2 After the first impact, the impactor shall be raised to its initial drop height. The results of the test with regard to system
integrity will be assessed. The impactor guides shall not be moved between impacts. The impactor shall be dropped a second time
and the results recorded.
6.5 Crush and Shear Points—There shall be no crush or shear points caused by junctures of two components moving relative
to one another, or at an opening present in any location on the assembled trampoline in normal use that could cause a contusion,
⁄16 in. (5 mm) diameter neoprene
laceration, abrasion, amputation, or fracture. A crush or shear point is any point that allows a
rod to enter at one or more positions and entraps at one or more positions a ⁄2-in. (13-mm) diameter neoprene rod. Entrapment
shall mean that a force of more than 2 lbf (9 N) is required to pull out the rod. The neoprene rods shall have a hardness reading
between 50 and 60 as determined by a Type A durometer in accordance with Test Method D2240.
6.6 Ultraviolet (UV) Resistant Materials Test:
6.6.1 Any pad cover, frame padding, cover attachments, tie down(s), and pad seams normally exposed to sunlight shall be
exposed for ultraviolet (UV) resistance using accelerated weathering chambers and shall retain at least 80 % of its original tensile
strength.
6.6.2 Specimens to be tested shall be normal tensile test samples from the finished material.
6.6.3 Tensile Test—Test exposed and non-exposed (control samples) tensile test samples, in accordance with Test Method D638,
at a testing rate of 2 in. (51 mm)/min.
6.6.4 The specimens are to be exposed according to the following procedures: Accelerated Weathering Procedure (Xenon Lamp
Exposure). The test procedure shall be in accordance with AATCC Method 169, except the following deviations shall apply:
F381 − 16
(1) The apparatus shall be equipped with an automatic light m
...