ASTM D524-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.
The carbon residue value of motor oil, while at one time regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits a motor oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine, is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils. For example, an ash-forming detergent additive can increase the carbon residue value of an oil yet will generally reduce its tendency to form deposits.
The carbon residue value of gas oil is useful as a guide in the manufacture of gas from gas oil, while carbon residue values of crude oil residuum, cylinder and bright stocks, are useful in the manufacture of lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and it is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensity. This test method is generally applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. This test method also covers the determination of carbon residue on 10% (V/V) distillation residues (see Section 10). Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D 482, will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the amount of ash formed (Notes 2 and 3).
Note 1—The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed during evaporation and pyrolysis of a petroleum product. The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis. The term carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
Note 2—Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 189, or Test Method D 4530. Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X2.1) but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is applicable to a wide variety of petroleum products. The Ramsbottom Carbon Residue test method is limited to those samples that are mobile below 90°C.
Note 3—In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate, causes a higher carbon residue value than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke-forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D 4046.
Note 4—The test procedure in Section 10 is being modified to allow the use of a 100–mL volume automated distillation apparatus. No precision data is available for the procedure at this time, but a round robin is being planned to develop precision data. The 250–mL volume bulb distillation method described in Section 10 for determining carbon residue on a 10 % distillation residue is considered the referee test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D524–09
Designation: 14/94
Standard Test Method for
1
Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
the use of a 100–mL volume automated distillation apparatus. No
1. Scope*
precision data is available for the procedure at this time, but a round robin
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheamount
is being planned to develop precision data. The 250–mL volume bulb
of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis
distillationmethoddescribedinSection10fordeterminingcarbonresidue
of an oil, and it is intended to provide some indication of
on a 10 % distillation residue is considered the referee test.
relative coke-forming propensity.This test method is generally
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
applicable to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure.
standard.
This test method also covers the determination of carbon
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
residue on 10% (V/V) distillation residues (see Section 10).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Petroleum products containing ash-forming constituents as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determined by Test Method D482, will have an erroneously
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
highcarbonresidue,dependingupontheamountofashformed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(Notes 2 and 3).
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method
2
to designate the carbonaceous residue formed during evaporation and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pyrolysis of a petroleum product. The residue is not composed entirely of
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis.The term
Atmospheric Pressure
carbon residue is continued in this test method only in deference to its
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Pe-
wide common usage.
troleum Products
NOTE 2—Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
same as those obtained by Test Method D189, or Test Method D4530.
Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X2.1) but need not D4046 Test Method for Alkyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels by
apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test
Spectrophotometry
is applicable to a wide variety of petroleum products. The Ramsbottom
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Carbon Residue test method is limited to those samples that are mobile
Petroleum Products
below 90°C.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
NOTE 3—In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl
Products, and Lubricants
nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate, causes a higher carbon residue value
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
than observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions
astothecoke-formingpropensityofthefuel.Thepresenceofalkylnitrate Petroleum Products
in the fuel can be detected by Test Method D4046.
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
NOTE 4—The test procedure in Section 10 is being modified to allow
(Micro Method)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E133 Specification for Distillation Equipment
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
2
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D524–04. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Committee. DOI: 10.1520/D0524-09. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D524–04 Designation:D524–09
Designation: 14/94
Standard Test Method for
1
Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue (Note 1) left after evaporation and pyrolysis of
an oil, and it is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensity. This test method is generally applicable
to relatively nonvolatile petroleum products which partially decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. This test method
alsocoversthedeterminationofcarbonresidueon10%(V/V)distillationresidues(seeSection10).Petroleumproductscontaining
ash-forming constituents as determined by Test Method D 482, will have an erroneously high carbon residue, depending upon the
amount of ash formed (Notes 2 and 3).
NOTE 1—The term carbon residue is used throughout this test method to designate the carbonaceous residue formed during evaporation and pyrolysis
of a petroleum product.The residue is not composed entirely of carbon, but is a coke which can be further changed by pyrolysis.The term carbon residue
is continued in this test method only in deference to its wide common usage.
NOTE 2—Values obtained by this test method are not numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 189, or Test Method D 4530.
Approximate correlations have been derived (see Fig. X2.1) but need not apply to all materials which can be tested because the carbon residue test is
applicable to a wide variety of petroleum products.The Ramsbottom Carbon Residue test method is limited to those samples that are mobile below 90°C.
NOTE 3—In diesel fuel, the presence of alkyl nitrates such as amyl nitrate, hexyl nitrate, or octyl nitrate, causes a higher carbon residue value than
observed in untreated fuel, which can lead to erroneous conclusions as to the coke-forming propensity of the fuel. The presence of alkyl nitrate in the
fuel can be detected by Test Method D 4046.
NOTE 4—The test procedure in Section 10 is being modified to allow the use of a 100–mLvolume automated distillation apparatus. No precision data
is available for the procedure at this time, but a round robin is being planned to develop precision data. The 250–mL volume bulb distillation method
described in Section 10 for determining carbon residue on a 10 % distillation residue is considered the referee test.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D 4046 Test Method for Alkyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels by Spectrophotometry
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.06 on
Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Nov.June 1, 2004.2009. Published November 2004.June 2009. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20032004 as
D524–03. D 524–04.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the A
...
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