ASTM C133-97(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The cold strength of a refractory material is an indication of its suitability for use in refractory construction. (It is not a measure of performance at elevated temperatures.)
3.2 These test methods are for determining the room temperature flexural strength in three-point bending (cold modulus of rupture) or compressive strength (cold crushing strength), or both, for all refractory products.
3.3 Considerable care must be used to compare the results of different determinations of the cold crushing strength or modulus of rupture. The specimen size and shape, the nature of the specimen faces (that is, as-formed, sawed, or ground), the orientation of those faces during testing, the loading geometry, and the rate of load application may all significantly affect the numerical results obtained. Comparisons of the results between different determinations should not be made if one or more of these parameters differ between the two determinations.
3.4 The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallest specimen dimension may significantly affect the numerical results. For example, smaller cut specimens containing large grains may present different results than the bricks from which they were cut. Under no circumstances should 6 by 1 by 1-in. (152 by 25 by 25-mm) specimens be prepared and tested for materials containing grains with a maximum grain dimension exceeding 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
3.5 This test method is useful for research and development, engineering application and design, manufacturing process control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the cold crushing strength and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dried or fired refractory shapes of all types.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
Test Method
Sections
Cold Crushing Strength
4 to 9
Modulus of Rupture
10 to 15
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C133 − 97 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Methods for
Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the cold
3.1 The cold strength of a refractory material is an indica-
crushing strength and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dried
tionofitssuitabilityforuseinrefractoryconstruction.(Itisnot
or fired refractory shapes of all types.
a measure of performance at elevated temperatures.)
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
3.2 These test methods are for determining the room tem-
Test Method Sections
perature flexural strength in three-point bending (cold modulus
of rupture) or compressive strength (cold crushing strength), or
Cold Crushing Strength 4 to 9
both, for all refractory products.
Modulus of Rupture 10 to 15
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.3 Considerable care must be used to compare the results
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of different determinations of the cold crushing strength or
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
modulus of rupture.The specimen size and shape, the nature of
and are not considered standard.
the specimen faces (that is, as-formed, sawed, or ground), the
orientation of those faces during testing, the loading geometry,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and the rate of load application may all significantly affect the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
numericalresultsobtained.Comparisonsoftheresultsbetween
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
different determinations should not be made if one or more of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
these parameters differ between the two determinations.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.4 The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallest
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specimen dimension may significantly affect the numerical
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
results. For example, smaller cut specimens containing large
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
grains may present different results than the bricks from which
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
they were cut. Under no circumstances should 6 by 1 by 1-in.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(152 by 25 by 25-mm) specimens be prepared and tested for
materials containing grains with a maximum grain dimension
2. Referenced Documents
exceeding 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.5 Thistestmethodisusefulforresearchanddevelopment,
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens
engineering application and design, manufacturing process
by Casting
control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
C1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic
and Ramming Mix Specimens
COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
4. Apparatus
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
4.1 Testing Machine—Any form of standard mechanical or
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
hydraulic compression testing machine conforming to the
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally
requirements of Practices E4 may be used.
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C133 – 97 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/C0133-97R21.
2
NOTE 1—For low-strength materials (such as insulating bricks or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
castables), a sensitivity of 20 lbf (67 kN) or less is required. The use of a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on hydraulic testing machine is also preferred over the mechanical type for
the ASTM website. these materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unite
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C133 − 97 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Methods for
Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the cold
3.1 The cold strength of a refractory material is an indica-
crushing strength and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dried
tion of its suitability for use in refractory construction. (It is not
or fired refractory shapes of all types.
a measure of performance at elevated temperatures.)
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
3.2 These test methods are for determining the room tem-
Test Method Sections
perature flexural strength in three-point bending (cold modulus
of rupture) or compressive strength (cold crushing strength), or
Cold Crushing Strength 4 to 9
both, for all refractory products.
Modulus of Rupture 10 to 15
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.3 Considerable care must be used to compare the results
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of different determinations of the cold crushing strength or
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
modulus of rupture. The specimen size and shape, the nature of
and are not considered standard.
the specimen faces (that is, as-formed, sawed, or ground), the
orientation of those faces during testing, the loading geometry,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and the rate of load application may all significantly affect the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
numerical results obtained. Comparisons of the results between
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
different determinations should not be made if one or more of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
these parameters differ between the two determinations.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.4 The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallest
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specimen dimension may significantly affect the numerical
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
results. For example, smaller cut specimens containing large
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
grains may present different results than the bricks from which
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
they were cut. Under no circumstances should 6 by 1 by 1-in.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(152 by 25 by 25-mm) specimens be prepared and tested for
materials containing grains with a maximum grain dimension
2. Referenced Documents
exceeding 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.5 This test method is useful for research and development,
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens
engineering application and design, manufacturing process
by Casting
control, and for developing purchasing specifications.
C1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic
and Ramming Mix Specimens
COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
4. Apparatus
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
4.1 Testing Machine—Any form of standard mechanical or
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
hydraulic compression testing machine conforming to the
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally
requirements of Practices E4 may be used.
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C133 – 97 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/C0133-97R21.
2
NOTE 1—For low-strength materials (such as insulating bricks or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
castables), a sensitivity of 20 lbf (67 kN) or less is required. The use of a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
hydraulic testing machine is also preferred over the mechanical type for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. these materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C133 − 97 (2021)
4.2 Spherical Bearing Block—The plan
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C133 − 97 (Reapproved 2015) C133 − 97 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Methods for
Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the cold crushing strength and the modulus of rupture (MOR) of dried or fired
refractory shapes of all types.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
Test Method Sections
Cold Crushing Strength 4 to 9
Modulus of Rupture 10 to 15
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
C1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The cold strength of a refractory material is an indication of its suitability for use in refractory construction. (It is not a measure
of performance at elevated temperatures.)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015Feb. 1, 2021. Published May 2015February 2021. Originally approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
ε1
C133 – 97 (2008)(2015). . DOI: 10.1520/C0133-97R15.10.1520/C0133-97R21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C133 − 97 (2021)
3.2 These test methods are for determining the room temperature flexural strength in 3-pointthree-point bending (cold modulus
of rupture) or compressive strength (cold crushing strength), or both, for all refractory products.
3.3 Considerable care must be used to compare the results of different determinations of the cold crushing strength or modulus
of rupture. The specimen size and shape, the nature of the specimen faces (that is, as-formed, sawed, or ground), the orientation
of those faces during testing, the loading geometry, and the rate of load application,application may all significantly affect the
numerical results obtained. Comparisons of the results between different determinations should not be made if one or more of these
parameters differ between the two determinations.
3.4 The relative ratio of the largest grain size to the smallest specimen dimension may significantly affect the numerical results.
For example, smaller,smaller cut specimens containing large grains may present different results than the bricks from which they
were cut. Under no circumstances should 6-6 by 1-1 by 1-in. (152-(152 by 25-25 by 25-mm) specimens be prepared and tested
for materials containing grains with a maximum grain dimension exceeding 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
3.5 This test method is useful for research and development, engineering application and design, manufacturing process control,
and for developing purchasing specifications.
COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH
4. Apparatus
4.1 Testing Machine—Any form
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.