ASTM B213-97

Standard Test Method for Flow Rate of Metal Powders

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flow rate of metal powders and is suitable only for those powders which will flow unaided through the specified apparatus.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1996
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM B213-03 - Standard Test Method for Flow Rate of Metal Powders
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM F3456-22 - Standard Guide for Powder Reuse Schema in Powder Bed Fusion Processes for Medical Applications for Additive Manufacturing Feedstock Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F3607-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Maraging Steel via Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F3049-14(2021) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM B964-23 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F3055-14a(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F2924-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F3056-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM B855-22 - Standard Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter and Hall Flowmeter Funnel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM F3184-16 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Stainless Steel Alloy (UNS S31603) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 213 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Flow Rate of Metal Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.3 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wet
or moist powders may not flow.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flow
5.4 This test method may be part of the purchase agreement
rate of metal powders and is suitable only for those powders
between powder manufacturers and powder metallurgy (P/M)
that will flow unaided through the specified apparatus.
part producers, or it can be an internal quality control test by
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
either the producer or the end user.
standard (except for the flowmeter funnel, which is fabricated
in inch-pound units). The values given in parentheses are for
6. Apparatus
information only.
6.1 Powder Flowmeter Funnel —A flowmeter funnel (Fig.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1) having a calibrated orifice of 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) in diameter.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—The dimensions shown for the flowmeter funnel, including
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- the orifice, are not to be considered controlling factors. Calibration with
emery, as specified in Section 9, determines the working flow rate of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
funnel.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 Stand —A stand (Fig. 2) to support the powder flow-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
meter funnel.
B 215 Practices for Sampling Finished Lots of Metal Pow-
6.3 Base—A level, vibration free base to support the pow-
ders
der flowmeter stand.
B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
6.4 Timing Device—A stopwatch or other suitable device
capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 s.
3. Terminology 3
6.5 Chinese Emery —An emery powder used to calibrate
3.1 Definitions —Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
the flowmeter funnel.
can be found in Terminology B 243.
6.6 Balance—A balance suitable for weighing at least 50.0
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
g to the nearest 0.1 g.
3.2.1 flow rate, n—the time required for a powder sample of
7. Sampling
standard mass to flow through an orifice in a standard instru-
ment according to a specified procedure.
7.1 A quantity of powder sufficient to run the desired
number of flow tests shall be obtained in accordance with
4. Summary of Test Method
Practice B 215.
4.1 A weighed mass (50.0 g) of metal powder is timed as it
8. Preparation of Apparatus
flows through the calibrated orifice of a funnel.
8.1 Clean the funnel with clean dry toweling paper.
5. Significance and Use
8.2 Clean the funnel orifice with a clean dry pipe cleaner.
5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are related
9. Calibration of Apparatus
to flow properties, which thus influence production rates and
uniformity of compacted parts.
9.1 The manufacturer supplies the powder flowmeter funnel
5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function of
calibrated as follows:
interparticle friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow is
9.1.1 Heat an open glass jar of Chinese emery in a drying
slowed. Fine powders may not flow.
oven at a temperature of 102° to 107°C (215° to 225°F) for 1
h.
9.1.2 Cool the emery to room temperature in a dessicator.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-9 on Metal
9.1.3 Follow the procedure outlined in steps 10.1.1-10.1.8 .
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of B09.02 on
Base Metal Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1997. Published March 1998. Originally
published as B 213 – 46T. Last previous edition B 213 – 90. The flowmeter funnel, stand, and Chinese emery are available from AcuPowder
Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 02.05. International, LLC.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 213
FIG. 2 Stand
FIG. 1 Flowmeter Funnel
10. Procedure
10.1 Method 1—Stationary Powder Start to Flow Measure-
9.1.4 Repeat steps 10.1.2-10.1.8 using the identical 50.0 g
ment:
mass of emery for all the tests until 5 flow times, the extremes
10.1.1 Weigh out a 50.0 g mass of powder, as sampled, into
of which shall not differ by more than 0.4 s, have been
a clean weighing dish.
recorded.
10.1.2 Block the discharge orifice at the bottom of the
9.1.5 The average of these five flow times is stamped on the
funnel with a dry finger.
bottom of the funnel.
10.1.3 Carefully pour the 50.0 g sample of powder into the
9.2 The flow rate of Chinese emery powder was established
center of the flowmeter funnel without any tapping, vibration
by an interlaborat
...