ASTM D3282-09
(Classification)Standard Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
Standard Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The practice described classifies soils from any geographic location into groups (including group indexes) based on the results of prescribed laboratory tests to determine the particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index.
The assigning of a group symbol and group index can be used to aid in the evaluation of the significant properties of the soil for highway and airfield purposes.
The various groupings of this classification system correlate in a general way with the engineering behavior of soils. Also, in a general way, the engineering behavior of a soil varies inversely with its group index. Therefore, this practice provides a useful first step in any field or laboratory investigation for geotechnical engineering purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for classifying mineral and organomineral soils into seven groups based on laboratory determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. It may be used when a precise engineering classification is required, especially for highway construction purposes. Evaluation of soils within each group is made by means of a group index, which is a value calculated from an empirical formula.
Note 1—The group classification, including the group index, should be useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and bases. However, for the detailed design of important structures, additional data concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under field conditions will usually be required.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation:D3282 −09
StandardPractice for
Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for
1
Highway Construction Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for classifying mineral 2.1 ASTM Standards:
and organomineral soils into seven groups based on laboratory D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design
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determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
plasticity index. It may be used when a precise engineering D421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for
classification is required, especially for highway construction Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
purposes. Evaluation of soils within each group is made by stants
means of a group index, which is a value calculated from an D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
empirical formula. D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
NOTE 1—The group classification, including the group index, should be
D1140 Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer
useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in
than No. 200 (75-µm) Sieve
earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and
bases. However, for the detailed design of important structures, additional
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
data concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under
Borings
field conditions will usually be required.
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Barrel Sampling of Soils
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Geotechnical Purposes
and are not considered standard.
D2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stants
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Plasticity Index of Soils
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4
2.2 AASHTO Document:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
M 145 The Classification of Soils and Soil Aggregate Mix-
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
tures for Highway Construction Purposes
one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
3. Terminology
withprofessionaljudgment.Notallaspectsofthispracticemay
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not
3.1.1 The following terms are frequently used in this prac-
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
tice. These terms differ slightly from those given in Terminol-
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
ogy D653, but are used here to maintain consistency with
nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a
common highway usage.
project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
title of this document means only that the document has been
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
Thispractice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and the ASTM website.
3
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification and The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Classification of Soils. www.astm.org.
4
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
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approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3282 – 93 (2004) . Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
DOI: 10.1520/D3282-09. http://www.transportation.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM Inter
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D3282–93(Reapproved 2004) Designation: D 3282 – 09
Standard Practice for
Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for
1
Highway Construction Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Added keywords editorially in May 2004.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for classifying mineral and organomineral soils into seven groups based on laboratory
determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. It may be used when a precise engineering
classification is required, especially for highway construction purposes. Evaluation of soils within each group is made by means
of a group index, which is a value calculated from an empirical formula.
NOTE 1—The group classification, including the group index, should be useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in
earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and bases. However, for the detailed design of important structures, additional data
concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under field conditions will usually be required.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy
of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project’s many
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the
ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, Design, and Construction Purposes
D 421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants
D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 1140 Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer Than the than No. 200 (75-µm)(75-m) Sieve
D 1452 Practice for Soil InvestigationExploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D 1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D 2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants
D 4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
1
This standardThispractice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification
and Classification of Soils.
Current edition approved MayJuly 1, 2004.2009. Published May 2004.August 2009. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 19972004 as
´1
D 3282 – 93 (1997)(2004) .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3282–09
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2.2 AASHTO Document:
M 145 The Classification of Soils and Soil Aggregate Mixt
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