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ASTM F959-15

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners

Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for two types (Types 8.8 and 10.9) of compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, in nominal diameter sizes M16 through M36, capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tension in a structural bolt and are intended for installation under either a bolt head or a hardened washer. Steel materials used in the manufacture of direct tension indicators shall be designed, processed, heat treated, and protectively coated as specified. The direct tension indicators shall conform to required chemical composition, compression load, outside diameter, number of protrusions, thickness values, inside diameter, and protrusion tangential diameter values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs) capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tension in a structural bolt.  
1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes 1/2 through 11/2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered:  
1.2.1 Type 325-1—DTIs for use with Specification A325 Type 1 bolts or F or F1852 assemblies.  
1.2.2 Type 325–3—DTIs for use with Specification A325 Type 3 bolts or F1852 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.3 Type 490–1—DTIs for use with Specification A490 Type 1 bolts or F2280 assemblies.  
1.2.4 Type 490–3—DTIs for use with Specification A490 Type 3 F2280 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification A325M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification A325M Type 3 bolts.  
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification A490M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification A490M Type 3 bolts.  
1.3 DTIs are intended for installation under either a bolt head or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Structural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using High–Strength Bolts.)  
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer’s discretion.  
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise specified.  
1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2015
ICS
21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
Technical Committee
F16 - Fasteners
Drafting Committee
F16.02 - Steel Bolts, Studs and Nuts
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F959-13 - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Replaced By
ASTM F959/F959M-17 - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
Effective Date
15-Apr-2017
Referred By
ASTM F606/F606M-21 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
Effective Date
01-May-2015

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F959 −15
Standard Specification for
Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for
1
Use with Structural Fasteners
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF959;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bolt tension in a structural bolt.
1
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes ⁄2
1
2
through 1 ⁄2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.1 Type 325-1—DTIs for use with Specification A325
A325Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
Type 1 bolts or F or F1852 assemblies.
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
1.2.2 Type 325–3—DTIs for use with Specification A325
A325M Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat
Type 3 bolts or F1852 Type 3 assemblies.
Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength (Metric)
1.2.3 Type 490–1—DTIs for use with Specification A490
A490Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat
Type 1 bolts or F2280 assemblies.
Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
1.2.4 Type 490–3—DTIs for use with Specification A490
A490MSpecification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes
Type 3 F2280 Type 3 assemblies.
10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification A325M
B695Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
Type 1 bolts.
posited on Iron and Steel
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification A325M
F436Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
Type 3 bolts.
F436MSpecification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification A490M
F606/F606MTest Methods for Determining the Mechanical
Type 1 bolts.
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification A490M
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
Type 3 bolts.
F1470Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
1.3 DTIs are intended for installation under either a bolt
F1789Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
head or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Struc-
F1852Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Control
tural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using
Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat
High–Strength Bolts.)
Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs
F2280Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Control
to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion
Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat
Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer’s discretion.
Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
G101Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re-
nology F1789 unless otherwise specified.
sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
3
2.2 Research Council on Structural Connections:
1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
Specification for Structural Joints Using High–Strength
the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this
Bolts
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F959–13. DOI: Available from Research Council on Structural Connections at www.boltcoun-
10.1520/F0959-15. cil.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F959−15
4
2.3 ASME Standard: 4.4 Protective Coatings:
ASMEB18.2.6Fasteners for Use in StructuralApplications
4.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the DTIs shall be fur-
ASMEB18.2.6MFastener
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F959 − 13 F959 − 15
Standard Specification for
Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for
1
Use with Structural Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators indicators, (DTIs) capable
of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tension in a structural bolt.
1 1
1.2 FourEight types of direct tension indicators DTIs in nominal diameter sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in. as well as M16 through M36
are covered:
1.2.1 Type 325—325-1—direct tension indicators DTIs for use with Specification A325 Type 1 bolts or F or F1852 assemblies.
1.2.2 Type 325–3—direct tension indicators DTIs for use with Specification A325 Type 3 bolts or F1852 Type 3 assemblies.
1.2.3 Type 490—490–1—direct tension indicators DTIs for use with Specification A490 Type 1 bolts or F2280 assemblies.
1.2.4 Type 490–3—direct tension indicators DTIs for use with Specification A490 Type 3 F2280 Type 3 assemblies.
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification A325M Type 1 bolts.
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification A325M Type 3 bolts.
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification A490M Type 1 bolts.
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification A490M Type 3 bolts.
1.3 Direct tension indicators DTIs are intended for installation under either a bolt head or a hardened washer. (See Research
Council on Structural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTMHigh–Strength A325 or A490Bolts.)
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Types 325–3 and 490–3 Type 3 DTIs to a Chemical Composition Requirement
or a Corrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the suppliers option.manufacturer’s discretion.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in
thisTerms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789standard. unless otherwise specified.
1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 1210 and Appendix X1 of this
specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A325M Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength (Metric)
A490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved March 1, 2013May 1, 2015. Published March 2013October 2015. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
F959 – 09.F959 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/F0959-13.10.1520/F0959-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F959 − 15
F606F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Washers, and Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and
...

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This specification covers the requirements for two types (Types 8.8 and 10.9) of compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, in nominal diameter sizes M16 through M36, capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tension in a structural bolt and are intended for installation under either a bolt head or a hardened washer. Steel materials used in the manufacture of direct tension indicators shall be designed, processed, heat treated, and protectively coated as specified. The direct tension indicators shall conform to required chemical composition, compression load, outside diameter, number of protrusions, thickness values, inside diameter, and protrusion tangential diameter values.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring, classifying, and determining the presence of decarburization and carburization in the threaded section of hardened and tempered metric steel bolts, screws, studs, nuts and similar parts which have been heated to facilitate fabrication or to modify their mechanical properties. This test method is not intended to address products which are intentionally carburized to achieve specific results.  
1.2 Two routine methods are described for measuring the limits of and determining the presence of decarburization or carburization; the Optical Method and the Microindentation Method 1. Either method is appropriate for routine examinations. The Microindentation Method 2 shall be considered the referee method.  
1.3 For the purpose of these tests, there are five classes of hardened and tempered steel products for which specific measurements must be made with respect to their physical properties.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2832-11(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Accelerated Corrosion Testing for Mechanical Fasteners

ABSTRACT
This guide covers test procedures for performing accelerated tests to evaluate relative corrosion resistance of various coatings applied to mechanical fasteners. Corrosion mechanisms such as general and crevice corrosion may be evaluated with this method. Test duration may be selected to achieve any desired level of corrosion exposure and provides a frame of reference to determine relative coating resistance to corrosion. Fasteners tightened to a desired tension and subjected to this test procedure may be evaluated to simulate a variety of service conditions. Without large amounts of accumulated field results, it is difficult to relate test duration or the number of test cycles to actual service life for a given application.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers test procedures for performing accelerated tests to evaluate relative corrosion resistance of various coatings applied to mechanical fasteners. Corrosion mechanisms such as general and crevice corrosion may be evaluated with this method. Test duration may be selected to achieve any desired level of corrosion exposure and provides a frame of reference to determine relative coating resistance to corrosion. Fasteners tightened to a desired tension and subjected to this test procedure may be evaluated to simulate a variety of service conditions. Without large amounts of accumulated field results, it is difficult to relate test duration or the number of test cycles to actual service life for a given application.  
1.2 This standard is not intended to cover tests of driven fasteners such as nails, staples, screws and lag bolts.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3359/F3359M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Bending Yield Moment of Staples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Staples are mechanical fasteners used in wood structures. Engineering design procedures used to determine the capacities of laterally-loaded staple connections use a yield theory to establish nominal resistance (Note 2). In order to develop nominal resistance for laterally-loaded stapled connections, the bending yield moment must be known.
Note 2: When used as a structural fastener in shear walls and diaphragms, staples are installed with the crown parallel to the long dimension of the framing member. The orientation of the staples for this bending yield moment test represents the bending yield moment applicable for this intended use).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the bending yield moment of staples when subjected to static loading. Although intended for flat crown staples identified in Specification F1667/F1667M, this procedure is also applicable for staples with round wire. These staples are used in engineered wood building connection applications for which required connection capacities are specified by the designer.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: This test method is applicable in either inch-pounds F3359 or SI Units [F3359M]. Values stated in SI are a mathematical conversion and are shown in brackets [ ].  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1667/F1667M-21a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nails, spikes, staples, and other fasteners driven by hand tool, power tool, or mechanical device in single or multiple strikes and are positioned by hand, tool, or machine. The driven fasteners are classified as type I: nails (NL); type II: cut nails (CN); type III: spikes (SP); and type IV: staples (ST). Materials shall be tested and the individual types shall conform to the material requirements and physical properties, such as ductility, tensile strength. Protective coating and finishes are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nails, spikes, staples, and other driven fasteners, as listed in Table 1.  
Note 1: Fastener ductility information is presented in Table 2 and dimensional information in Tables 3–63.  
1.2 Fasteners described in this specification are driven by hand tool, power tool, or mechanical device in single or multiple strikes and are positioned by hand, tool, or machine.  
1.3 This specification is applicable in either inch-pounds (F1667) or SI units [F1667M]. Values stated in SI are a mathematical conversion to two significant digits and are shown in brackets [ ].  
1.4 Fasteners in this specification are sold in bulk (loose) form and are collated for loading into the magazine of an application tool. Other than as covered in Section 9, Workmanship, cohering materials (including, but not limited to, plastic, adhesive bond, paper tape, plastic strip, plastic carrier, wire, etc.) and relative orientation of collated fasteners are not within the scope of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F606/F606M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets

ABSTRACT
These test methods establishes the standard procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers and direct tension indicators, and rivets. For externally threaded fasteners, the mechanical tests describe the procedures for determining the following properties: product hardness; proof load by length measurement (Method 1), yield strength (Method 2), yield strength of austenitic stainless steel and nonferrous materials (Method 2A), and uniform hardness (Method 3); axial tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; wedge tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; tension of machined test specimens including yield point (by drop of the beam or halt of the pointer, autographic diagram, and total extension under load methods), yield strength (by offset, and extension under load methods), tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area; and total extension at fracture. As for internally threaded fasteners including nonheat- and heat-treated nuts, tests are provided for the determination of product hardness, proof load, and cone proof load. Test for determining the surface and core hardnesses are, conversely, described for direct tension indicators, and through-hardened, carburized, stainless steel, and nonferrous washers. And finally, product hardness testing is described for rivets. The test method for determining embrittlement of metallic coated externally threaded fasteners is detailed as well.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover establishment of procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, direct tension indicators, and rivets.  
1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for their determination are specified in individual product standards. In those instances where the testing requirements are unique or at variance with these standard procedures, the product standard shall specify the controlling testing requirements. In the absence of any specified test requirement(s), these test methods shall apply.  
1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for determining the following properties:    
Section    
For Externally Threaded Fasteners:  
3  
Product Hardness  
3.1  
Proof Load  
3.2.1  
Method 1, Length Measurement  
3.2.3  
Method 2, Yield Strength  
3.2.4  
Method 3, Uniform Hardness  
3.2.5  
Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product  
3.4  
Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product  
3.5  
Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens  
3.6  
Total Extension at Fracture Test
Single Sheer Test  
3.7
3.8  
For Internally Threaded Fasteners:  
4  
Product Hardness  
4.1  
Proof Load Test  
4.2  
Cone Proof Load Test  
4.3  
For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators:  
5  
Product Hardness-General Requirements  
5.1  
Through Hardened Washers  
5.2  
Carburized Washers  
5.3  
Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers  
5.4  
Direct Tension Indicators  
5.5  
Compression Load  
5.6  
For Rivets:  
6  
Product Hardness  
6.1  
Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally Threaded Fasteners  
7  
Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization  
8  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: The values are stated in inch-pound for inch fasteners and SI metric units for metric fasteners.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish approp...

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