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ASTM E746-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Film

Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Film

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a relative means for determining the image quality performance response for a given film chemistry system used for industrial radiography. It is only to be used for relative comparisons. It is not intended to qualify performance of a film chemistry system to detect specific discontinuities in a product or specimen undergoing X-ray examination.
Film chemistry image quality performance is described by EPS, Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity. For a detailed description of EPS, see Practice E 1025.
It is not the intent of this standard to specify performance requirements of the film chemistry system. Test Method E 1815 can be used to specify performance requirements at 200 kV. This test method was used, and can be used to corroborate Test Method E 1815 results at 200 kV. This test method is a subjective means of determining film chemistry image quality performance, whereas Test Method E 1815 uses instrument measurements to calculate performance and is therefore an objective test method.
This test method could be used to evaluate relative film chemistry system image quality performance at Net Density 4.0 where some instrument measurements are currently not feasible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative image quality response of industrial radiographic film when exposed to 200-kV X rays. The evaluation of the film is based upon the threshold visibility of penetrameter holes in a special image quality indicator (IQI). Results for a given film type may vary, depending upon the particular development system used. It is, therefore, necessary to state the development system and geometric conditions used in this determination. By holding the technique parameters (except exposure time) and processing parameters constant, the image quality response of radiographic film may be evaluated on a relative basis.  
1.2 Alternately this test method may be used for determination of the relative image quality response of a radiographic film when exposed to 200-KV X-rays as any other single component of the system (such as screens) is varied.  
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2002
ICS
37.040.25 - Radiographic films
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E746-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Film
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Replaced By
ASTM E746-07 - Standard Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2895-20 - Standard Practice for Digital Radiography of Cast Metallic Implants
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1025-18 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiography
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E94/E94M-22 - Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2445/E2445M-20 - Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiography Systems
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2446-23 - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1254-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial Radiographic Films
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1735-19 - Standard Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems from 4 to 25 MeV
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2033-17 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Computed Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E592-20 - Standard Guide to Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for Film Radiography of Steel Plates <fraction><num>1</num><den>4 </den> </fraction> to 2 in. (6 to 51 mm) Thick with X-Rays and 1 to 6 in. (25 to 152 mm) Thick with <brk/>Cobalt-60
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1441-19 - Standard Guide for Computed Tomography (CT)
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2007-10(2023) - Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002

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ASTM E746-02 - Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic FilmASTM E746-02 - Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Film
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ASTM E746-02 - Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Film
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E746–02
Standard Test Method for
Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial
1
Radiographic Film Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 746; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E 1815 Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative
3
Industrial Radiography
image quality response of industrial radiographic film systems
4
2.2 ANSI Standard :
when exposed to 200-kV X-rays. The evaluation of the film is
ANSI PH2.19 Photography Density Measurements-Part 2:
based upon the threshold visibility of penetrameter holes in a
Geometric Conditions for Transmission Density
special image quality indicator (IQI). Results for a given film
4
2.3 ISO Standards :
type may vary, depending upon the particular development
ISO 5-2 Photography Density Measurements-Part 2: Geo-
systemused.Itis,therefore,necessarytostatethedevelopment
metric Conditions for Transmission Density
systemandgeometricconditionsusedinthisdetermination.By
ISO 7004 Photography- Industrial Radiographic Film, De-
holding the technique parameters (except exposure time) and
termination of ISO Speed and Average Gradient When
processing parameters constant, the image quality response of
Exposed to X and Gamma Radiation
radiographic film may be evaluated on a relative basis.
1.2 Alternately, this test method may be used for determi-
3. Terminology
nation of the relative image quality response of a radiographic
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
film system when exposed to 200-KV X-rays as any other
method, refer to Terminology E 1316.
single component of the system (such as screens) is varied.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This test method provides a relative means for deter-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mining the image quality performance response for a given
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
filmchemistrysystemusedforindustrialradiography.Itisonly
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tobeusedforrelativecomparisons.Itisnotintendedtoqualify
performance of a film chemistry system to detect specific
2. Referenced Documents
discontinuities in a product or specimen undergoing X-ray
2.1 ASTM Standards:
examination.
B 152 Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and
2 4.2 Film chemistry image quality performance is described
Rolled Bar
by EPS, Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity. For a detailed
E 999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial
3 description of EPS, see Practice E 1025.
Radiographic Film
4.3 It is not the intent of this standard to specify perfor-
E 1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
mance requirements of the film chemistry system.Test Method
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi-
3 E 1815canbeusedtospecifyperformancerequirementsat200
cators IQI Used for Radiology
kV. This test method was used, and can be used to corroborate
E 1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom-
3 Test Method E 1815 results at 200 kV. This test method is a
eters
subjective means of determining film chemistry image quality
performance, whereas Test Method E 1815 uses instrument
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
measurements to calculate performance and is therefore an
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
objective test method.
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved January 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originally
published as E 746 – 80. Last previous edition E 746 – 93 (1998).
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E746–02
4.4 This test method could be used to evaluate relative film finish of both absorber plates shall be a maximum of 6.3 µm
chemistry system image quality performance at Net Density (250 µin.) R , ground finish (both faces).
a
4.0 where some instrument measurements are currently not
feasible.
6. Calibration of X-Ray Source
6.1 Use a target to detector distance at least 750 mm (29.5
5. Test Specimen
in.) for all exp
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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The radiochromic film dosimetry system provides a means for measuring absorbed dose based on radiation-induced change in color using spectrophotometers, densitometers or scanned images.
Radiochromic film dosimetry systems are commonly used in industrial radiation processing, for example in the sterilization of medical devices and the irradiation of foods.
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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off