ASTM F3675-23

• Abstract:

  SCOPE; 1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the 225/45R17 94H XL radial standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for abrasion rate evaluations of severe snow use tires as defined by ISO 4223-1, but may also be used for other evaluations. For the general requirements of normal, snow and special use tires as defined by ISO 4223-1, refer to Specification F3676. ; 1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2. ; 1.2 This specification provides a 17 rim diameter code standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage. ; 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. ; 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ; 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2023
• Technical Committee: F09 - Tires
• Drafting Committee: F09.20 - Vehicular Testing

Overview

ASTM F3675-23 is the internationally recognized standard specification for the 225/45R17 94H XL radial standard reference test tire. Developed by ASTM International, this standard specifies the design, construction, and performance requirements of a standard reference tire primarily intended for the abrasion rate evaluation of severe snow use tires as defined by ISO 4223-1. The specification also allows for the use of this reference test tire in various other evaluation settings, especially where precision, repeatability, and control are critical for tire performance comparison and regulatory testing.

This specification ensures consistency in tire evaluations by providing uniform requirements for tire dimensions, construction, marking, physical properties, and testing conditions. The standard adheres to globally recognized principles for standardization aligned with World Trade Organization (WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee guidelines.

Key Topics

• Reference Tire Purpose
  The standard test tire serves as a control reference in abrasion rate testing, particularly for severe snow use tires-those with tread compounds and patterns optimized for winter performance and marked with the 3 Peak Mountain Snow Flake (3PMSF) symbol.

• Design and Construction

  • 17-inch rim diameter code
  • Steel-belted radial construction with specific ply configuration
  • One-ply polyester sidewall; four-ply tread (polyester, two steel belts, one polyamide)
  • Directional tread pattern with V-shaped tread blocks

• Markings and Certification

  • Stamped with "Standard Reference Test Tire," "Winter SRTT," and relevant certification marks (ECE, DOT, 3PMSF)
  • Detailed sidewall markings for traceability and batch certification

• Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Controlled tread compounds, verified through physical property measurements (tensile strength, elongation, durometer hardness)
  • Specific guidelines to minimize variability between tire batches

• Testing and Storage Requirements

  • Performance and laboratory test methods for property assessment
  • Storage conditions specified to minimize environmental effects, such as temperature, humidity, and ozone levels

Applications

The ASTM F3675-23 reference test tire is a critical component in:

• Tire Abrasion Testing:
  Used as a benchmark for comparing the abrasion rates of candidate tires, particularly those designed for severe winter conditions under controlled laboratory and field test environments.

• Comparative Performance Evaluations:
  Standardized reference for traction, wear, and durability testing, enabling reliable comparison between different tire designs and manufacturers.

• Regulatory Compliance and Certification:
  Assists manufacturers and testing laboratories in demonstrating compliance with international tire standards and regulatory requirements.

• Research and Development:
  Utilized by R&D teams in the automotive and tire industries to evaluate and improve the performance of snow and all-season tires.

Related Standards

ASTM F3675-23 references and aligns with several key national and international standards, including:

• ISO 4223-1: Definitions of pneumatic tire terms, including severe snow use tires
• ISO 18106: Methods for measuring snow grip performance of new tires
• ASTM E1136, F2493, F2870, F2871, F2872, F3611, F3676, F3677, F3678: Standard specifications for reference test tires in various sizes and applications
• ASTM D412, D2240: Test methods for evaluating the physical properties of vulcanized rubber
• ETRTO Standards Manual: Tire dimension and tolerance references as per the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation

Understanding and applying ASTM F3675-23 ensures testing consistency, product quality, and regulatory compliance for manufacturers, laboratories, and industry professionals working with radial tires designed for severe snow and challenging winter conditions.

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3675 − 23
Standard Specification for
225/45R17 94H XL Radial Standard Reference Test Tire
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
ness
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Pro-
the 225/45R17 94H XL radial standard reference test tire. The
cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing
tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a
Standard Vulcanized Sheets
reference tire for abrasion rate evaluations of severe snow use
E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems
tires as defined by ISO 4223-1, but may also be used for other
E1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard Refer-
evaluations. For the general requirements of normal, snow and
ence Test Tire
special use tires as defined by ISO 4223-1, refer to Specifica-
F538 Terminology Relating to Characteristics and Perfor-
tion F3676.
mance of Tires
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for
F1805 Test Method for Single Wheel Driving Traction in a
these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.
Straight Line on Snow- and Ice-Covered Surfaces
1.2 This specification provides a 17 rim diameter code
F2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard
standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and
Reference Test Tire
specifies the conditions of storage.
F2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial
Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical F2871 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial
Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard. F2872 Specification for 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial
Light Truck Standard Reference Test Tire
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
F3611 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Low Tread
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Depth Standard Reference Test Tire
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
F3676 Specification for 225/45R17 94V XL Radial Standard
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Reference Test Tire
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
F3677 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Truck Standard Reference Test Tire SW
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
F3678 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radial
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Truck Standard Reference Test Tire SW
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2.2 ISO Standards:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ISO 4223-1 Definitions of some terms used in the tyre
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
industry — Part 1: Pneumatic tyres
ISO 18106 Passenger car, commercial vehicle, truck and bus
2. Referenced Documents
2 tyres — Methods for measuring snow grip performance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
— Loaded new tyres
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-
tic Elastomers—Tension
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer
to Terminology F538.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
3.2 Definitions:
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. DOI: 10.1520/
F3675-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
the ASTM website. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3675 − 23
3.2.1 abrasion rate, n—tire mass loss per unit of distance
traveled (mg/km) or per unit of distance traveled and carried
load (mg/km/T).
3.2.2 normal tire, n—tire intended for public highway use
which does not require “M+S” (or other variations) or severe
snow or special use tire designations.
3.2.3 pavement characteristic, n—physical feature or prop-
erty of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture,
and skid resistance. E867
3.2.4 pitch, n—unit of tread pattern elements used in various
combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F538
3.2.5 severe snow use tire, n—snow tire whose tread pattern,
tread compound, or structure is specifically designed based on
test results obtained from either ISO 18106 or Test Method
F1805, and which is visually identified by a “3 Peak Mountain
Snow Flake (3PMSF)” symbol molded into the sidewall
adjacent to the M+S type designation.
3.2.6 snow tire, n—tire whose tread pattern, tread compound
FIG. 2 Side View of the 225/45R17 94H XL Radial Standard Refer-
or structure is primarily designed to achieve in winter
ence Test Tire
conditions, for example, snow, a performance better than that
of a normal tire with regard to its ability to initiate or maintain
vehicle motion. It is identified by a combination of the letters
“M” and “S”, for example, M+S, M&S.
3.2.7 special use tire, n—tire intended for mixed use both
on-road and off-road or for other special duty and primarily
designed to initiate and maintain the vehicle in motion in
off-road conditions.
3.2.8 standard reference test tire, SRTT, n—a tire that is
commonly used as a control tire or surface monitoring tire and
meets the requirements for one of the following Specifications:
FIG. 3 Rotation Arrow
E1136, F2493, F2870, F2871, F2872, F3611, F3675, F3676,
F3677, or F3678. F538
nal dimensions and tolerances for cross section and overall
4. Design and Construction
diameter found in the current ETRTO Standards Manual.
4.1 The 225/45R17 94H XL standard reference test tire shall
4.3 The tire used for this specification is produced by
feature the steel-belted radial technology, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,
Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin. The tire is
with technology as described in Section 3 and Sections 5 – 7.
stamped on the sidewall with the words: “Standard Reference
Test Tire” ” and “Winter SRTT”, and 3 Peak Mountain Snow
4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform to the European
Flake (3PMSF), ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) and
Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) standard nomi-
DOT (Department of Transportation) certification marks.
4.4 The tire has a directional tread pattern and is marked
with an arrow which provides the rotational orientation. (See
Fig. 3.)
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall con-
form to the manufacturer’s design standards.
Available from the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation, Avenue
d’Auderghem 22-28 Box 9 - B 1040 Brussels - Belgium, [e-mail].
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, 23 place des Carmes
Déchaux, 63040 Clermont-Ferrand Cédex 9, France (attn. compte-
[e-mail] – specify 225/45R17 94H XL TL BF Goodrich Winter
SRTT). If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
FIG. 1 Front View of the 225/45R17 94H XL Radial Standard Ref- ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
erence Test Tire ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
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