ASTM E473-08
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermalas a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of the last review or revision is appended.
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Designation:E473–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
1.1 Thisterminologyisacompilationofdefinitionsofterms
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become
limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled
thermal analysis and rheology.
rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
of mass loss (or gain).
form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoana-
controlled-temperature program,n—the temperature history
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for
experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal
analysis experiment.
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
form using thermalas a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
thermalmagnetometry. controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating or
cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
1.3 Definitionsthataresimilartothosepublishedbyanother
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere
of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International
(or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external action
Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
(depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time)
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and
controlled-temperature program.
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against
an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
2. Referenced Documents
2 (ICTAC) (1999)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dielectric thermal analysis, (DETA or DEA), n—a technique
E 1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of
in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or capacitance)
Chemicals
and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under
3. Terminology oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
temperature or time while the substance is subjected to a
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
controlled-temperature program in a specified atmosphere.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
(ICTAC) (1999)
different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
controlled-rate thermal analysis, (CRTA), n—a family of
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
measurable quantities usually between a substance and some
reference or standard material.
1
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—A technique in
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
ThermalMeasurementsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE37.03on
which the heat flow difference into a substance and a
Nomenclature and Definitions.
reference material is measured as a function of temperature
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 473 – 07b.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
controlled-temperature program. (ICTAC) (1999)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E473–07b Designation:E473–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for whichASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is
not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical
or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This
terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermalas a
prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name
of the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4 Adefinition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
3. Terminology
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
controlled-rate thermal analysis, (CRTA ), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile needed
to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by
heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the
resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or
gain).
controlled-temperature program, n— the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments.The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal
segments in which time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around
the sample is changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment,
that too becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time. (ICTAC)
(1999)
dielectric thermal analysis, (DETA or DEA), n—a technique in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or capacitance) and
dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field are measured as a function of temperature or time
while the substance is subjected to a controlled-temperature program in a specified atmosphere. (ICTAC) (1999)
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathematical) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved Nov.Sept. 1, 2007.2008. Published JanuaryOctober 2008. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 473 – 07ab.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on th
...
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