ASTM D2270-04

Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index From Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100&#176C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The viscosity index is a widely used and accepted measure of the variation in kinematic viscosity due to changes in the temperature of a petroleum product between 40 and 100°C.
A higher viscosity index indicates a smaller decrease in kinematic viscosity with increasing temperature of the lubricant.
The viscosity index is used in practice as a single number indicating temperature dependence of kinematic viscosity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the viscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils, and related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 and 100oC.
Note 1 -- The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kinematic viscosities determined at 40 and 100oC are virtually the same as those obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscosities determined at 37.78 and 98.89oC.
1.1.1 Procedure A - For petroleum products of viscosity index up to and including 100.
1.1.2 Procedure B - For petroleum products of which the viscosity index is 100 or greater.
1.2 This standard does not apply to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities less than 2.0 mm2/s (cSt) at 100oC. Table 1 given in this practice applies to petroleum products with kinematic viscosities between 2 and 70 mm2/s (cSt) at 100oC. Equations are provided for calculating viscosity index for petroleum products having kinematic viscosities above 70 mm2/s (cSt) at 100oC.
Note 2 - 1 cSt = 1 mm2/s = 106m2/s.
1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not available at temperatures of 40 and 100oC, an estimate may be made of the viscosity index by calculating the kinematic viscosity at temperatures of 40 and 100oC from data obtained at other temperatures. Such viscosity index data may be considered as suitable for information only and not for specification purposes. See Test Method D 341, Annex A1.
1.3 The kinematic viscosity values are determined with reference to a value of 1.0034 mm2/s (cSt) at 20.00oC for distilled water. The determination of the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with Test Methods D 445, IP 71, ISO 3104, or ISO 2909.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2004
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2270-93(1998) - Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index From Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100&#176C
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM D2270-10 - Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index From Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100&#176C
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D8046-21 - Standard Guide for Pumpability of Heat Transfer Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8029-18 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7417-17 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using Particular Four-Part Integrated Tester (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Viscosity, and Laser Particle Counter)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2161-21 - Standard Guide for Instrument and Precision Bearing Lubricants—Part 1 Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6158-18 - Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7863-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6080-18a - Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5372-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7155-20 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7665-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7752-18 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Hydraulic Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
British Standard 4459
Designation:D2270–04
Designation: 226/91(95)
Standard Practice for
Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40
1
and 100°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.2.1 In cases where kinematic viscosity data are not avail-
2 ableattemperaturesof40and100°C,anestimatemaybemade
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the
of the viscosity index by calculating the kinematic viscosity at
viscosity index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils,
temperatures of 40 and 100°C from data obtained at other
andrelatedmaterialsfromtheirkinematicviscositiesat40and
temperatures. Such viscosity index data may be considered as
100°C.
suitable for information only and not for specification pur-
NOTE 1—The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kine-
poses. See Test Method D341, Annex A1.
matic viscosities determined at 40 and 100°C are virtually the same as
1.3 The kinematic viscosity values are determined with
those obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscosities
2
reference to a value of 1.0034 mm /s (cSt) at 20.00°C for
determined at 37.78 and 98.89°C.
distilledwater.Thedeterminationofthekinematicviscosityof
1.1.1 Procedure A—For petroleum products of viscosity
a petroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with
index up to and including 100.
Test Methods D445, IP71, ISO3104,or ISO2909.
1.1.2 Procedure B—For petroleum products of which the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
viscosity index is 100 or greater.
standard.
1.2 Thisstandarddoesnotapplytopetroleumproductswith
2
kinematicviscositieslessthan2.0mm /s(cSt)at100°C.Table
2. Referenced Documents
1 given in this practice applies to petroleum products with 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
kinematic viscosities between 2 and 70 mm /s (cSt) at 100°C.
D341 Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for
Equations are provided for calculating viscosity index for
Liquid Petroleum Products
petroleum products having kinematic viscosities above 70
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
2
mm /s (cSt) at 100°C.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
2 −6 2
ity)
NOTE 2—1 cSt=1 mm/s=10 m /s.
D1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
2.2 ISO Standards:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
ISO 2909 Petroleum Products—Calculation of Viscosity
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.07on
4
Index from Kinematic Viscosity
Flow Properties.
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque
IntheIP,thispracticeisunderthejurisdictionoftheStandardizationCommittee
and issued under the fixed designation IP 226. The final number indicates the year
of last revision.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2270–93(1998). contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
DOI: 10.1520/D2270-04. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
Supporting data (Metrication of Viscosity Index System Method D2270) have the ASTM website.
4
been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Research Report D02-1009. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2270–04
TABLE 1 Basic Values for L andH for Kinematic Viscosity in 40 to 100°C System
Kinematic
Kinematic Kinematic Kinematic Kinematic Kinematic
Viscosity
Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity
at
LH at 100°C, LH at 100°C, LH at 100°C, LH at 100°C, LH at 100°C, LH
100°C,
2 2 2 2 2
mm /s mm /s mm /s mm /s mm /s
2
mm /s
(cSt) (cSt) (cSt) (cSt) (cSt)
(cSt)
2.00 7.994 6.394 7.00 78.00 48.57 12.0 201.9 108.0 17.0 369.4 180.2 24.0 683.9 301.8 42.5 1935 714.9
2.10 8.640 6.894 7.10 80.25 49.61 12.1 204.8 109.4 17.1 373.3 181.7 24.2 694.5 305.6 43.0 1978 728.2
2.20 9.309 7.410 7.20 82.39 50.69 12.2 207.8 110.7 17.2 377.1 183.3 24.4 704.2 309.4 43.5 2021 741.3
2.30 10.00 7.944 7.30 84.53 51.78 12.3 210.7 112.0 17.3 381.0 184.9 24.6 714.9 313.0 44.0 2064 754.4
2.40 10.71 8.496 7.40 86.6
...