ASTM E1000-98(2003)

Standard Guide for Radioscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Radioscopy is a versatile nondestructive means for examining an object. It provides immediate information regarding the nature, size, location, and distribution of imperfections, both internal and external. It also provides a rapid check of the dimensions, mechanical configuration, and the presence and positioning of components in a mechanism. It indicates in real-time the presence of structural or component imperfections anywhere in a mechanism or an assembly. Through manipulation, it may provide three-dimensional information regarding the nature, sizes, and relative positioning of items of interest within an object, and can be further employed to check the functioning of internal mechanisms. Radioscopy permits timely assessments of product integrity, and allows prompt disposition of the product based on acceptance standards. Although closely related to the radiographic method, it has much lower operating costs in terms of time, manpower, and material.
Long-term records of the radioscopic image may be obtained through motion-picture recording (cinefluorography), video recording, or “still” photographs using conventional cameras. The radioscopic image may be electronically enhanced, digitized, or otherwise processed for improved visual image analysis or automatic, computer-aided analysis, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is for tutorial purposes only and to outline the general principles of radioscopic imaging.
1.2 This guide describes practices and image quality measuring systems for real-time, and near real-time, nonfilm detection, display, and recording of radioscopic images. These images, used in materials examination, are generated by penetrating radiation passing through the subject material and producing an image on the detecting medium. Although the described radiation sources are specifically X-ray and gamma-ray, the general concepts can be used for other radiation sources such as neutrons. The image detection and display techniques are nonfilm, but the use of photographic film as a means for permanent recording of the image is not precluded.
Note 1—For information purposes, refer to Terminology E 1316.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautionary statements, see Section .

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2003
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1000-98 - Standard Guide for Radioscopy
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM E1000-98(2009) - Standard Guide for Radioscopy
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2982-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Thin-Walled Metallic Liners in Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1734-23 - Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Castings
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1416-23 - Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2533-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1475-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital Radiological Examination Data
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1453-20 - Standard Guide for Storage of Magnetic Tape Media that Contains Analog or Digital Radioscopic Data
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1165-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1161-21 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Semiconductors and Electronic Components
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1695-20e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Computed Tomography (CT) System Performance
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2736-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiography
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2662-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1817-08(2022) - Standard Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination by Using Representative Quality Indicators (RQIs)
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E94/E94M-22 - Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1000 – 98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Guide for
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Radioscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope NCRP49 Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for
Medical Use of X Rays and Gamma Rays of Energies up
1.1 Thisguideisfortutorialpurposesonlyandtooutlinethe
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to 10 MeV
general principles of radioscopic imaging.
NCRP 51 Radiation Protection Design Guidelines for
1.2 This guide describes practices and image quality mea-
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0.1–100 MeV Particle Accelerator Facilities
suring systems for real-time, and near real-time, nonfilm
NCRP91, (supercedes NCRP 39) Recommendations on
detection, display, and recording of radioscopic images. These
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Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
images, used in materials examination, are generated by
2.3 Federal Standard:
penetrating radiation passing through the subject material and
Fed. Std. No.21-CFR 1020.40 Safety Requirements for
producing an image on the detecting medium. Although the
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Cabinet X-Ray Machines
described radiation sources are specifically X-ray and gamma-
ray, the general concepts can be used for other radiation
3. Summary of Guide
sources such as neutrons. The image detection and display
3.1 This guide outlines the practices for the use of radio-
techniques are nonfilm, but the use of photographic film as a
scopicmethodsandtechniquesformaterialsexaminations.Itis
means for permanent recording of the image is not precluded.
intended to provide a basic understanding of the method and
NOTE 1—For information purposes, refer to Terminology E1316.
the techniques involved. The selection of an imaging device,
radiation source, and radiological and optical techniques to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the achieve a specified quality in radioscopic images is described.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Radioscopy is a versatile nondestructive means for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
examining an object. It provides immediate information re-
precautionary statements, see Section 6.
garding the nature, size, location, and distribution of imperfec-
2. Referenced Documents
tions, both internal and external. It also provides a rapid check
of the dimensions, mechanical configuration, and the presence
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic and positioning of components in a mechanism. It indicates in
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real-time the presence of structural or component imperfec-
Testing
E 747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material tions anywhere in a mechanism or an assembly. Through
manipulation, it may provide three-dimensional information
Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators
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(IQI) Used for Radiology regarding the nature, sizes, and relative positioning of items of
interestwithinanobject,andcanbefurtheremployedtocheck
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi- the functioning of internal mechanisms. Radioscopy permits
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timely assessments of product integrity, and allows prompt
cators (IQI) Used for Radiology
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E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations disposition of the product based on acceptance standards.
Although closely related to the radiographic method, it has
E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness
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in Radiology much lower operating costs in terms of time, manpower, and
material.
2.2 National Council on Radiation Protection and Mea-
surement (NCRP) Standards: 4.2 Long-term records of the radioscopic image may be
obtained through motion-picture recording (cinefluorography),
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology
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Available from NCRP Publications, 7010 Woodmont Ave., Suite 1016, Be-
(X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally thesda, MD 20814.
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approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1000-98. AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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