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ASTM C117-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer than 75 μm from the coarser material with most aggregates. In some cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting agent in the water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2013
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.20 - Aggregates
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C117-04 - Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM D8038-16(2022)e1 - Standard Practice for Reclamation of Recycled Aggregate Base (RAB) Material
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM C136/C136M-19 - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1797-23 - Standard Specification for Ground Calcium Carbonate and Aggregate Mineral Fillers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM D1241-15 - Standard Specification for Materials for Soil-Aggregate Subbase, Base, and Surface Courses
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM D1073-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Fine Aggregate for Asphalt Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM C404-18 - Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM D7564/D7564M-16 - Standard Practice for Construction of Asphalt-Rubber Cape Seal
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1065-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Zirconium Oxide Powder
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM D2940/D2940M-20 - Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM C1098-08(2022) - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Hafnium Oxide Powder
Effective Date
01-Feb-2013
Referred By
ASTM D2487-17e1 - Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
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ASTM C1252-23 - Standard Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and Grading)
Effective Date
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ASTM C1077-17 - Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation
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ASTM C117-13 - Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingASTM C117-13 - Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C117 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral
1
Aggregates by Washing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 AASHTO Standard:
T11 Method of Test for Amount of Material Finer than
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount
3
0.075-mm Sieve in Aggregate
of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by
washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are
3. Summary of Test Method
dispersedbythewashwater,aswellaswater-solublematerials,
3.1 A sample of the aggregate is washed in a prescribed
will be removed from the aggregate during the test.
manner, using either plain water or water containing a wetting
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for
agent, as specified. The decanted wash water, containing
the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent
suspended and dissolved material, is passed through a 75-µm
to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-µm (No.
(No. 200) sieve. The loss in mass resulting from the wash
200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise
treatment is calculated as mass percent of the original sample
specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.
and is reported as the percentage of material finer than a 75-µm
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
(No. 200) sieve by washing.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve can be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
separated from larger particles much more efficiently and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
75 µm in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method
is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with
2. Referenced Documents
Test Method C136. The results of this test method are included
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in the calculation inTest Method C136, and the total amount of
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
materialfinerthan75µmbywashing,plusthatobtainedbydry
Aggregates
sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
Method C136. Usually, the additional amount of material finer
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
than 75 µm obtained in the dry sieving process is a small
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation
Size
should be checked. It could also be an indication of degrada-
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
tion of the aggregate.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer
Sieves
than 75 µm from the coarser material with most aggregates. In
somecases,thefinermaterialisadheringtothelargerparticles,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases,
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.
the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Originally
approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C117 – 04. DOI:
agent in the water.
10.1520/C0117-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
the ASTM website. Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C117 − 13
5. Apparatus and Materials passing the designated sieve to 0.1 % of the mass of this
po
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C117 − 04 C117 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral
1
Aggregates by Washing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by
washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will
be removed from the aggregate during the test.
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to
assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified,
Procedure A (water only) shall be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
3
T11 Method of Test for Amount of Material Finer than 0.075-mm Sieve in Aggregate
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of the aggregate is washed in a prescribed manner, using either plain water or water containing a wetting agent,
as specified. The decanted wash water, containing suspended and dissolved material, is passed through a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve.
The loss in mass resulting from the wash treatment is calculated as mass percent of the original sample and is reported as the
percentage of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve by washing.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely
by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm in fine
or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136.
The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136, and the total amount of material finer than
75 μm by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136. Usually,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on
Normal Weight Aggregates.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004Feb. 1, 2013. Published August 2004March 2013. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 20032004 as
C117 – 03.C117 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/C0117-04.10.1520/C0117-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C117 − 13
the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency
of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.
4.2 Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer than 75 μm from the coarser material with mos
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136/C136M. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136/C136M, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136/C136M. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136/C136M. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136/C136M, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136/C136M. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.  
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Standard Guide for Forensic Analysis of Geological Materials by Powder X-Ray Diffraction

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1.1 This guide covers techniques and procedures for the use of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the forensic analysis of geological materials (to include soils, rocks, sediments, and materials derived from them such as concrete), to enable non-consumptive identification of solid crystalline materials present as single components or multi-component mixtures.  
1.2 This guide makes recommendations for the preparation of geological materials for powder XRD analysis with adaptations for samples of limited quantity, instrumental configuration to generate high-quality XRD data, identification of crystalline materials by comparison to published diffraction data, and forensic comparison of XRD patterns from two or more samples of geological materials to support criminal investigations.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units are avoided, in general, but there is a long-standing tradition of expressing X-ray wavelengths and lattice spacing in units of Ångströms (Å). One Ångström = 10–10 meter (m) = 0.1 nanometer (nm).  
1.4 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C544-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydration of Dead-Burned Magnesite or Periclase Grain

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method determines relative hydration resistance of magnesia grain.  
3.2 This test method is used in industry to evaluate grain samples and is used for specification purposes in some cases.  
3.3 Care must be taken in interpreting the data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the relative resistance of magnesia grain to hydration.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C831-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Residual Carbon, Apparent Residual Carbon, and Apparent Carbon Yield in Coked Carbon-Containing Brick and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods are designed for use with carbon-containing products. The residual carbon content of a coked carbon-containing brick or shape is an indication of how much carbon may be available, in service, to resist slag attack on, or oxidation loss of, that body. Apparent carbon yield gives an estimate of the relative efficiency of the total carbonaceous matter to be retained as residual carbon.  
3.2 Residual carbon has a direct bearing on several properties of a pitch or resin-containing refractory, such as ignited porosity, density, strength, and thermal conductivity.  
3.3 These test methods are suitable for product development, manufacturing control, and specification acceptance.  
3.4 These test methods are very sensitive to specimen size, coking rates, etc.; therefore, strict compliance with these test methods is critical.  
3.5 Appreciable amounts of reducible components, such as Fe2O3, will have a noticeable effect on the results. Thus, values obtained by these test methods will be different when brick removed from service is tested. This must be kept in mind when attempting to use these test methods in an absolute sense.  
3.6 Oxidizable components such as metals and carbides can have a noticeable effect on the results. This must be kept in mind when using the second procedure, which is based on measuring weight loss after igniting the coked specimens.  
3.7 Testing of brick or shapes that contain magnesium metal presents special problems since this metal is highly volatile and substantial amounts of the magnesium can be lost from the sample during the coking procedure. This must be kept in mind when interpreting the results of testing of brick that contains magnesium. In addition, magnesium can react readily with atmospheric humidity. This must be kept in mind when storing brick that contains magnesium.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of residual carbon content in carbon-bearing brick and shapes after a prescribed coking treatment. They provide two procedures. The first procedure is based on the combustion of carbon and its measurement as carbon dioxide. However, when using the first procedure for articles that contain silicon carbide or other carbides, no distinction will be made between carbon present in the form of a carbide and carbon present as elemental carbon. The second procedure provides a method for calculating apparent residual carbon (on the basis of weight loss after igniting the coked specimens), apparent carbonaceous material content, and apparent carbon yield. If the second procedure is used for brick or shapes that contain metallic additives or carbides, it must be recognized that there will be a weight gain associated with the oxidation of the metals, or carbides, or both. Such a weight gain can change the results substantially, and this must be kept in mind when interpreting the data.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8021-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
4.2 Slag can be considered a product based on the mineralogy of samples that are tested using X-ray diffraction, phase recognition and characterization, powdered XRD-Rietveld analysis, and SEM-PARC results, using this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
Note 1: This guide is not intended to be used to determine the applicability of iron or steel slag, or both, for various applications. Terminology D8 designates steel slag as a product, while Terminology C125 designates blast furnace slag as a product. Its sole intent is to provide guidance as to the typical mineralogy when the iron or steel slag, or both, is designated as a product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) should not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C4-04(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of drain tile and perforated drain tile to be used for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar subdrainage installations.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Test Methods portion of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Attention is called to Test Methods C301 and Terminology C896.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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