ASTM E1732-17
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These terms have particular application to the forensic sciences. In addition, a hierarchy of sources of definitions were used in the development of this terminology. The hierarchy is as follows: Websters New Collegiate 7th Dictionary; technical dictionaries; and the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions.8 The subcommittee developed a suitable definition after all of the sources in the hierarchy were found wanting.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions used in the forensic sciences. Legal or scientific terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for example, ASME is the American Society of Mechanical Engineering.2
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field are identified with an abbreviation.3
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E1732 − 17
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Forensic Science
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment
5
(Withdrawn 2006)
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding
E1301 Guide for Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory
definitions used in the forensic sciences. Legal or scientific
5
Comparisons (Withdrawn 2012)
terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in
E1402 Guide for Sampling Design
other readily available sources may not be included.
E2161 Terminology Relating to Performance Validation in
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor- Thermal Analysis and Rheology
6
mation included in a Discussion. It is reviewed every five
2.2 ISO Standards:
years, and the year of last review or revision is appended.
ISO 3534:1993 (E/F) Statistics—Vocabulary and Symbols
Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another
Part 2: Statistical Quality Control
standards organization orASTM committee are identified with
ISO 9000:2005 (E) Standard Quality Management
the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the
Systems—Fundamentals and Vocabulary
identifying document and ASTM committee; for example,
2
ISO Guide 2 General Terms and Their Definitions Relating
ASME is the American Society of Mechanical Engineering.
to Standardizing Activities
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field are
ISO Guide 30 Terms and Definitions Used in Connection
3
identified with an abbreviation.
with Reference Materials
ISO Guide 35 Reference Materials—General and Statistical
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Principles for Certification
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ISO GUM Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Mea-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
surement (GUM)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.3 Other Sources:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
EURACHEM The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical
Methods, EURACHEM Working Group, English Edition
2. Referenced Documents IAAI Glossary Glossary of Terms Related to Chemical and
Instrumental Analysis of Fire Debris, IAAI Forensic
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7
Science Committee
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
IUPAC Terminology IUPAC Compendium of Chemical
ASTM Test Methods
Terminology, Second Edition, 1997
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3. Significance and Use
3.1 These terms have particular application to the forensic
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on
sciences. In addition, a hierarchy of sources of definitions were
Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92 on
used in the development of this terminology. The hierarchy is
Terminology.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally
as follows: Websters New Collegiate 7th Dictionary; technical
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1732 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/E1732-17.
2
Any definition that is unsourced has been developed by ASTM Subcommittee
5
E30.92. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
3
Abbreviations are as follows: CRIM = criminalistics, QD = questioned www.astm.org.
6
documents, ENGR = engineering, TOX = toxicology, PB = pathology ⁄biology, Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
ANTH = anthropology, and ODEN = odentology. Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
7
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from the International Association of Arson Investigators, Inc.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (IAAI), 2111 Baldwin Avenue, Suite 203, Crofton, MD 21114, https://
the ASTM website. www.firearson.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1732 − 17
DISCUSSION—A control sample should not be confused with a
dictionaries; and the Compilation of ASTM Standard Defini-
8
comparison sample. For example, in fire debris, a control sample might
tions. The subco
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1732 − 12 E1732 − 17
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Forensic Science
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1732; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions used in the forensic sciences. Legal or scientific terms that are
generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in a Discussion. It is reviewed every five years, and
the year of last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the
abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for example, ASME is the
2
American Society of Mechanical Engineering.
3
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field are identified with an abbreviation.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
5
E1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment (Withdrawn 2006)
5
E1301 Guide for Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory Comparisons (Withdrawn 2012)
E1402 Guide for Sampling Design
E2161 Terminology Relating to Performance Validation in Thermal Analysis and Rheology
6
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3534:1993 (E/F) Statistics—Vocabulary and Symbols
Part 1: Probability and General Statistical Terms
Part 2: Statistical Quality Control
ISO 9000:2005 (E) Standard Quality Management Systems—Fundamentals and Vocabulary
ISO Guide 2 General Terms and Their Definitions Relating to Standardizing Activities
ISO Guide 30 Terms and Definitions Used in Connection with Reference Materials
ISO Guide 35 Reference Materials—General and Statistical Principles for Certification
ISO GUM Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)
2.3 Other Sources:
EURACHEM The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods, EURACHEM Working Group, English Edition
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.92 on Terminology.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012Sept. 1, 2017. Published July 2012September 2017. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as
E1732 – 11b.E1732 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/E1732-12.10.1520/E1732-17.
2
Any definition that is unsourced has been developed by ASTM Subcommittee E30.92.
3
Abbreviations are as follows: CRIM = criminalistics, QD = questioned documents, ENGR = engineering, TOX = toxicology, PB = pathology ⁄biology, ANTH = anthro-
pology, and ODEN = odentology.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
6
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20,ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de
Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1732 − 17
IAAI Glossary Glossary of Terms Related to Chemical and Instrumental Analysis of Fire Debris, IAAI Forensic Science
7
Committee
IUPAC Terminology IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Second Edition, 1997
3. Significance and Use
3.1 These terms have particular application to the forensic sciences. In addition, a hierarchy of sources of definitions were used
in the development of this terminology. The hierarchy is as follows: Websters New Collegiate 7th
...
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