ASTM E2154-01(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is suited ideally for screening samples for the presence, relative concentration, and potential class of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris.
This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from a sample, that is, a 0.1 μL spike of gasoline on a cellulose wipe inside of a 1-gal can is detectable.
Actual recovery will vary, depending on several factors, including adsorption temperature, container size, competition from the sample matrix, ignitable liquid class and relative ignitable liquid concentration.
Because this separation takes place in a closed container, the sample remains in approximately the same condition in which it was submitted. Repeat and interlaboratory analyses, therefore, may be possible. Since the extraction is nonexhaustive, the technique permits reanalysis of samples.
This practice is intended for use in conjunction with other extraction techniques described in Practices E 1385, E 1386, E 1388, E 1412, and E 1413.
The extract is consumed in the analysis. If a more permanent extract is desired, one of the separation practices described in Practices E 1385, E 1386, E 1412, or E 1413 should be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from samples of fire debris. An adsorbent material is used to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample. Then, analytes are thermally desorbed in the injection port of the gas chromatograph (GC).
1.2 This practice is best suited for screening fire debris samples to assess relative ignitable liquid concentration and for extracting ignitable liquid from aqueous samples.
1.3 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid residues when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.
1.3.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this method recovers a minimal amount of the ignitable residues present in the evidence, leaving residues that are suitable for subsequent resampling.
1.4 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in Section 2.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2154 − 01(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues
from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace
Concentration with Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2154; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Distillation (Withdrawn 2008)
E1386 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for removing
from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction
small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from samples of
E1387 TestMethodforIgnitableLiquidResiduesinExtracts
fire debris.An adsorbent material is used to extract the residue
from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography (With-
from the static headspace above the sample. Then, analytes are
drawn 2010)
thermally desorbed in the injection port of the gas chromato-
E1388 Practice for Sampling of HeadspaceVapors from Fire
graph (GC).
Debris Samples
1.2 This practice is best suited for screening fire debris
E1412 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
samples to assess relative ignitable liquid concentration and for
from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concen-
extracting ignitable liquid from aqueous samples.
tration With Activated Charcoal
E1413 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
1.3 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid
residues when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Con-
centration
very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the
sample. E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
1.3.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration,
this method recovers a minimal amount of the ignitable E1618 TestMethodforIgnitableLiquidResiduesinExtracts
from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass
residues present in the evidence, leaving residues that are
suitable for subsequent resampling. Spectrometry
1.4 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are
3. Summary of Practice
listed in Section 2.
3.1 A fiber coated with a polydimethylsiloxane stationary
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
phase is exposed to the headspace of the fire debris sample
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
container to extract ignitable liquid residues. The fiber, which
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is housed in a needle similar to a syringe needle, is introduced
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
directly in the injection port of a gas chromatograph to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
thermally desorb the analytes.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This practice is suited ideally for screening samples for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the presence, relative concentration, and potential class of
E1385 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-
ignitable liquid residues in fire debris.
able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Steam
4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of
isolating small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from a
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic sample, that is, a 0.1 µL spike of gasoline on a cellulose wipe
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
inside of a 1-gal can is detectable.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E2154 – 01. DOI: 4.3 Actual recovery will vary, depending on several factors,
10.1520/E2154-01R08.
including adsorption temperature, container size, competition
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2154 − 01 (2008)
from the sample matrix, ignitable liquid class and relative tion times may be needed depending on the heating method or
ignitable liquid concentration. the amount and type of matrix present in the can, or both).
6.4.1 Temperatures lower than 60°C may be insufficient to
4.4 Because this separation takes place in a closed
volatilize compounds above C .
container, the sample remains in approximately the same
6.4.2 Temperatures above 80°C may result in a significant
condition in which it was submitted. Repeat and interlabora-
discrimination against high volatility compounds when the 100
tory analyses, therefore, may be possible. Since the extraction
µm PDMS fiber is used.
is nonexhaustive, the technique permits reanalysis of samples.
6.5 Remove the container from the heating apparatus.
4.5 This practice is intended for use in conjunction with
other extraction techniques described in Practices E1385, 6.6 Immediately puncture the rubber sleeve septum or
E1386, E1388, E1412, and E1413. plastic evidence bag with the needle of the SPME apparatus.
4.6 The extract is consumed in the analysis. If a more 6.7 ExposetheSPMEfibertotheheadspaceofthecontainer
permanent extract is desired, one of the separation practices for the desired sampling duration.
described in Practices E1385, E1386, E1412,or E1413 should 6.7.1 The optimum exposure time for maximum sensitivity
be used. will depend on the temperature and the concentration and
composition of the volatile compound present in the sample
5. Apparatus
headspace.
6.7.2 Exposure times for
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.