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ASTM D7153-22ae1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)

Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocarbon crystals which, if present in the fuel system of the aircraft, can restrict the flow of fuel through filters. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank normally decreases during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel shall always be lower than the minimum operational fuel temperature.  
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the freezing point.  
5.3 This test method expresses results to the nearest 0.1 °C, and it eliminates most of the operator time and judgment required by Test Method D2386.  
5.4 When a specification requires Test Method D2386, do not substitute this test method or any other test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviation turbine fuels.  
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature range of –80 °C to 20 °C; however, the interlaboratory study mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with fuels having freezing points in the range of –60 °C to –42 °C.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2022
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D7153-22ae1 - Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)ASTM D7153-22ae1 - Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)
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ASTM D7153-22ae1 - Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D7153 −22a
IP 529⁄16
Standard Test Method for
Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser
1,2
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7153; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected Fig. A1.5 in December 2022.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
perature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
aviation turbine fuels.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the temperature
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
range of –80 °C to 20 °C; however, the interlaboratory study
Petroleum Products
mentioned in 12.4 has only demonstrated the test method with
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
fuels having freezing points in the range of –60 °C to –42 °C.
4
IP 16 Determination Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 freezing point, n—in aviation fuels, the fuel tempera-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ture at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
disappear when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to rise
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and to
under specified conditions of test.
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
use.
3.2.1 automatic laser method, n—the procedures of auto-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
matically cooling a liquid aviation fuel specimen until solid
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
hydrocarbon crystals appear, followed by controlled warming
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and recording of temperature at which hydrocarbon crystals
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
completely redissolve into the liquid phase.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.3 Symbols:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Cd = the specimen temperature at which the appearance of
the first crystals are detected in the specimen by an
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM International Committee
optical crystal detector under specified conditions of
D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct
test.
responsibility ofASTM Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. The technically
equivalent standard as referenced is under the jurisdiction of the Energy Institute
Subcommittee SC-B-7.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
3
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D7153 – 22. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D7153-22AE01. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
This test method has been developed through the cooperative effort between Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ASTM and the Energy Institute, London.ASTM and IPstandards were approved by the ASTM website.
4
ASTMandEItechnicalcommitteesasbeingtechnicallyequivalentbutthatdoesnot Annual Book of IP Standards Methods, Vol 1.Available from Energy Institute,
imply both standards are identical. 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D7153 − 22a
appearance and disappearance of crystals and opacity, and
Co = the specimen temperature at which the appearance of
recording the temperature of the specimen.Adetailed descrip-
opacity in the specimen is detected by an optical
tion of the apparatus is provided in Annex A1.
opacity detector under specified conditions of test.
Do = the specimen temperature at which the disappearance
6.2 The apparatus shall be equipped with a specimen
of opacity in the specimen is detected by an optical
c
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel

ABSTRACT
This specification details the physical and chemical requirements for pyrolysis liquid biofuels produced from biomass that are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of fuels. The type of biofuel covered here is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications. It shall remain uniform in medium-term storage and shall not separate into layers due to gravity. Properly sampled test specimens shall undergo test procedures to determine their adherence to the following requirements: gross heat of combustion; water content; pyrolysis solids content; kinematic viscosity; density; sulfur content; ash content; pH; flash point; and pour point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in various types of fuel-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade G is intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade G in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade G in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications.  
1.1.2 Grade D is intended for use in commercial/industrial burners requiring lower solids and ash content and which are equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade D in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade D in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, engines, or marine applications not modified to handle these types of fuels.
Note 1: For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.  
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this type of fuel.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
Note 2: The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.2.3.1.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3241-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test results are indicative of fuel performance during gas turbine operation and can be used to assess the level of deposits that form when liquid fuel contacts a heated surface that is at a specified temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for rating the tendencies of gas turbine fuels to deposit decomposition products within the fuel system.  
1.2 The differential pressure values in mm Hg are defined only in terms of this test method.  
1.3 The deposition values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the referee value.  
1.4 The pressure values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The psi comparison is included for operational safety with certain older instruments that cannot report pressure in SI units.  
1.5 No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.1, 7.3, 12.1.1, and Annex A6.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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