ASTM D5293-02

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35°C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between -5 and -35°C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 to 100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 10 5  to 10 4  s-1  and viscosities of approximately 500 to 25 000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. These results are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils.
1.2 A special procedure is provided in Annex A1 for highly viscoelastic oils.
1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator.
1.4 A special manual procedure is provided in Annex A1 for highly viscoelastic oils.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and Section 8.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-2002
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5293-99ae1 - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35^oC Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D5293-04 - Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -35°C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8210-22 - Standard Test Method for Automatic Determination of Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants Using a Rotational Viscometer
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2983-22 - Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using a Rotational Viscometer
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6984-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8111-23a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8185-18 - Standard Guide for In-Service Lubricant Viscosity Measurement
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7528-22 - Standard Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5293 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between −5 and −35°C
1
Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of 3.1 Definitions:
apparent viscosity of engine oils by cold cranking simulator 3.1.1 Newtonian oil or fluid, n—one that exhibits a constant
(CCS) at temperatures between −5 and −35°C at shear stresses viscosity at all shear rates.
of approximately 50 000 to 100 000 Pa and shear rates of 3.1.2 non-Newtonian oil or fluid, n—one that exhibits a
5 4 −1
approximately 10 to 10 s and viscosities of approximately viscosity that varies with changing shear stress or shear rate.
500 to 25 000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent 3.1.3 viscosity, h, n—the property of a fluid that determines
on the instrument model and software version installed. These its internal resistance to flow under stress, expressed by:
results are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine
h5t/g˙ (1)
oils.
where:
1.2 A special procedure is provided in Annex A1 for highly
t = the stress per unit area, and
viscoelastic oils.
g˙ = the rate of shear.
1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated
3.1.3.1 Discussion—It is sometimes called the coefficient of
determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the
dynamic viscosity. This coefficient is thus a measure of the
cold-cranking simulator.
resistance to flow of the liquid. In the SI, the unit of viscosity
1.4 A special manual procedure is provided in Annex A1 for
is the pascal-second; for practical use, a submultiple
highly viscoelastic oils.
(millipascal-second) is more convenient and is customarily
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
used. The millipascal second is 1 cP.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 apparent viscosity, n—the viscosity obtained by use of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
this test method.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Since many engine oils are non-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Newtonian at low temperature, apparent viscosity can vary
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
with shear rate.
statements are given in 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and Section 8.
3.2.2 calibration oils, n—oils with known viscosity and
2. Referenced Documents
viscosity/temperature functionality that are used to define the
calibration relationship between viscosity and cold-cranking
2.1 ASTM Standards:
simulator rotor speed.
D 2602 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils
2
3.2.3 test oil, n—any oil for which the apparent viscosity is
at Low Temperature Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator
to be determined by use of this test method.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3
3.2.4 viscoelastic oil, n—a non-Newtonian oil or fluid that
Petroleum Products
climbs up the rotor shaft during rotation.
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4.1 An electric motor drives a rotor that is closely fitted
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07.0C on Low Temperature Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids.
inside a stator. The space between the rotor and stator is filled
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally
with oil. Test temperature is measured near the stator inner wall
e1
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 5293-99a .
2 and maintained by regulated flow of refrigerated coolant
Discontinued; see 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. through the stator. The speed of the rotor is calibrated as a
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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1

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D5293–02
FIG. 1 Cold Cranking Simulator
function of viscosity. Test oil viscosity is determined from this 1990’s engines at temperatures ranging from –5 down to
calibration and the measured rotor speed. –40°C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W,
7
15W, 20W, and 25W).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The CCS apparent
...