ASTM D130-94(2000)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
Standard Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosiveness to copper of aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, automotive gasoline, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbons having a Reid vapor pressure no greater than 18 psi (124 kPa), cleaners (Stoddard) solvent, kerosine, diesel fuel, distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, and certain other petroleum products. (Warning--Some products, particularly natural gasoline, may have a much higher vapor pressure than would normally be characteristic of automotive or aviation gasolines. For this reason, extreme caution must be exercised to ensure that the test bomb containing natural gasoline or other products of high vapor pressure are not placed in the 100oC (212oF) bath. Samples having Reid vapor pressures in excess of 18 psi (124 kPa) may develop sufficient pressure at 100oC to cause rupture of the test bomb. For any sample having a Reid vapor pressure above 18 psi (124 kPa), use Test Method D1838. Also, see Annex A2.)
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 1.1, 6.1, and Annex A2 .
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
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Designation: D 130 – 94 (Reapproved 2000) Federation of Societies for
Paint Technology Standard No. Dt-28-65
British Standard 4351
Designation: 154/93
Standard Test Method for
Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by
the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 130; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This is also a standard of the Institute of
Petroleum issued under the fixed designation IP 154. The final number indicated the year of last revision.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with
established procedures.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—The warning statements were placed in the text editorially in August 2000.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the detection of the corrosive- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ness to copper of aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
automotive gasoline, natural gasoline or other hydrocarbons D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
having a Reid vapor pressure no greater than 18 psi (124 kPa), D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
cleaners (Stoddard) solvent, kerosine, diesel fuel, distillate fuel D 1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Lique-
oil, lubricating oil, and certain other petroleum products. fied Petroleum (LP) Gases
(Warning—Some products, particularly natural gasoline, may 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ASTM
have a much higher vapor pressure than would normally be Copper Strip Corrosion Standard
characteristic of automotive or aviation gasolines. For this
3. Summary of Test Method
reason, extreme caution must be exercised to ensure that the
3.1 A polished copper strip is immersed in a given quantity
test bomb containing natural gasoline or other products of high
vapor pressure are not placed in the 100°C (212°F) bath. of sample and heated at a temperature and for a time charac-
teristic of the material being tested. At the end of this period the
Samples having Reid vapor pressures in excess of 18 psi (124
kPa) may develop sufficient pressure at 100°C to cause rupture copper strip is removed, washed, and compared with the
ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards.
of the test bomb. For any sample having a Reid vapor pressure
above 18 psi (124 kPa), use Test Method D 1838. Also, see
4. Significance and Use
Annex A2.)
4.1 Crude petroleum contains sulfur compounds, most of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
which are removed during refining. However, of the sulfur
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
compounds remaining in the petroleum product, some can have
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a corroding action on various metals and this corrosivity is not
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
necessarily related directly to the total sulfur content. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
effect can vary according to the chemical types of sulfur
statements, see 1.1, 6.1, and Annex A2.
compounds present. The copper strip corrosion test is designed
to assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a petroleum
product.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05.0C on Color and Reactivity.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Committee. Available from ASTM Headquarters. Request Adjunct No. ADJD0130.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994. Originally Names of suppliers in the United Kingdom can be obtained from the Institute of
published as D 130–22T, replacing former D 89. Last previous edition D 130–88. Petroleum. Two master standards are held by the IP for reference.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 130 – 94 (2000)
5. Apparatus 6. Materials
5.1 Test Tubes, 25 by 150-mm.
6.1 Wash Solvent—Any volatile, sulfur-free hydrocarbon
5.1.1 Provide a bath capable of being maintained at a
solvent may be used provided that it shows no tarnish at all
constant temperature of 50 6 1°C (122 6 2°F) or 1006 1°C when tested at 50°C (122°F). Knock test grade isooctane is a
(212 6 2°F), or both, and having suitable supports to hold the
suitable solvent and should be used in case of dispute.
test tubes in a vertical position and immersed to a depth of (Warning—Extremely flammable, see A2.1.)
about 100 mm (4 in.). Either water, oil, or aluminum block
6.2 Polishing Materials—Silicon carbide grit paper of vary-
baths are suitable.
ing degrees of fineness including 65-μm (240-grit) paper or
5.2 Copper Strip Corrosion Test Bomb, constructed of
cloth; also a supply of 105-μm (150-mesh) silicon carbide grain
stainless steel according to the dimensions as given in Fig. 1,
and pharmaceutical grade absorbent cotton (cotton wool).
and capable of withstanding a test pressure of 100 psi (689
6.3 Copper Strips:
kPa). Alternative designs for the bomb cap and synthetic 1
6.3.1 Specification—Use strips 12.5 mm ( ⁄2 in.) wide, 1.5 to
rubber gasket may be used provided that the internal dimen- 1 1
3.0 mm ( ⁄16 to ⁄8 in.) thick, cut 75 mm (3 in.) long from
sions of the bomb are the same as those shown in Fig. 1.
smooth-surfaced, hard-temper, cold-finished copper of
Provide a 25 by 150-mm test tube as a liner for holding the
99.9 + % purity; electrical bus bar stock is generally suitable
sample.
(see Appendix). The strips may be used repeatedly but should
5.2.1 Provide liquid baths capable of being maintained at 40
be discarded when the surfaces become deformed on handling.
6 1°C (104 6 2°F) or 100 6 1°C (2126 2°F), or both, and
6.3.2 Surface Preparation—Remove all surface blemishes
having suitable supports to hold the test bomb in a vertical
from all six sides of the strip with silicon carbide paper of such
position. The bath must be deep enough so that the entire bomb
degrees of fineness as are needed to accomplish the desired
will be submerged during the test. As the bath medium, use
results efficiently. Finish with 65-μm (240-grit) silicon carbide
water or any other liquid which can be satisfactorily controlled
paper or cloth, removing all marks that may have been made by
at the specified test temperature.
other grades of paper used previously. Immerse the strip in
5.3 Thermometers, total immersion, for indicating the re-
wash solvent from which it can be withdrawn immediately for
quired test temperature, with smallest graduations of 1°C (2°F)
final preparation (polishing) or in which it can be stored for
or less. No more than 25 mm (1 in.) of the mercury thread
future use.
should extend above the surface of the bath at the test
6.3.2.1 As a practical manual procedure for surface prepa-
temperature. The ASTM 12C (12F) or IP 64C (64F) thermom-
ration, place a sheet of the paper on a flat surface, moisten it
eter is suitable.
with kerosine or wash solvent, and rub the strip against the
5.4 Polishing Vise, for holding the copper strip firmly
paper with a rotary motion, protecting the strip from contact
without marring the edges while polishing. Any convenient
with the fingers with an ashless filter paper. Alternatively, the
type of holder (see Appendix) may be used provided that the
surface of the strip can be prepared by use of motor-driven
strip is held tightly and that the surface of the strip being
machines using appropriate grades of dry paper or cloth.
polished is supported above the surface of the holder.
6.3.3 Final Preparation—Remove a strip from the wash
5.5 Viewing Test Tubes, flat glass test tubes, are convenient
solvent. Holding it in the fingers protected with ashless filter
for protecting corroded strip for close inspection or storage (see
paper, polish first the ends and then the sides with the 105-μm
Appendix).
(150-mesh) silicon carbide grains picked up from a clean glass
plate with a pad of cotton (cotton wool) moistened with a drop
of wash solvent. Wipe vigorously with fresh pads of cotton
(cotton wool) and subsequently handle only with stainless steel
forceps; do not touch with the fingers. Clamp in a vise and
polish the main surfaces with silicon-carbide grains on absor-
bent cotton. Do not polish in a circular motion. Rub in the
direction of the long axis of the strip, carrying the stroke
beyond the end of the strip before reversing the direction.
Clean all metal dust from the strip by rubbing vigorously with
clean pads of absorbent cotton until a fresh pad remains
unsoiled. When the strip is clean, immediately immerse it in
the prepared sample.
6.3.3.1 It is important to polish the whole surface of the strip
uniformly to obtain a uniformly stained strip. If the edges show
wear (surface elliptical) they will likely show more corrosion
than the center. The use of a vise (see Appendix) will facilitate
uniform polishing.
6.3.3.2 It is important to follow the order of preparation
with the correctly sized silicon carbide material as described in
6.3.2 and 6.3.3. The final preparation is with 105-μm silicon
FIG. 1 Copper Strip Corrosion Test Bomb carbide grains. This is a larger grain size than the 65 micron
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D 130 – 94 (2000)
paper used in the surface preparation stage. The reason for this 9. Procedure
use of larger silicon carbide grains in the final preparation is to
9.1 Those product classes, to which given procedural varia-
produce asperities (controlled roughness) on the surface of the
tions are intended to be applied, are listed below. Some product
copper which acts as sites for the initiation of corrosion
classes, being quite broad, may be tested by more than one set
reactions.
of conditions; in such cases the copper strip quality require-
ment for a given product should be limited to a single set of
7. Corrosion Standards
conditions. The conditions of time and temperature given
7.1 ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards consist of
below are those most commonly used and are quoted in the
reproductions in color of typical test strips representing in-
ASTM specifications for these products where such specifica-
creasing degrees of tarnish and corrosion, the reproductions
tions exist. However, other conditions can also be used as and
being encased in plastic in the form of a plaque.
when required by specifications or by agreement between
7.1.1 Keep the plastic-encased printed ASTM Copper Strip
parties.
Corrosion Standards protected from light to avoid the possi-
9.1.1 For aviation gasoline, and aviation turbine fuel—
bility of fading. Inspect for fading by comparing two different
Place 30 mL of sample, completely clear and free of any
plaques, one of which has been carefully protected from light
suspended or entrained water (see 8.3) into a chemically clean,
(new). Observe both sets in diffused daylight (or equivalent)
dry 25 by 150-mm test tube, and within 1 min after completing
first from a point directly above and then from an angle of 45°.
the final preparation (polishing), slide the copper strip into the
When any evidence of fading is observed, particularly at the
sample tube. Carefully slide the sample tube into the test bomb
left-hand end of the plaque, it is suggested that the one that is
(Fig. 1) and screw the lid on tight. Completely immerse the
the more faded with respect to the other be discarded.
bomb in a boiling water bath at 100 6 1°C (212 6 2°F). After
7.1.1.1 Alternatively, place a 20-mm ( ⁄4-in.) opaque strip
2h 6 5 min in the bath, withdraw the bomb and immerse for
(masking tape) across the top of the colored portion of the
a few minutes in tap water. Open the bomb, withdraw the test
plaque when initially purchased. At intervals remove the
tube and examine the strip as described in 9.2.
opaque strip and observe. When there is any evidence of fading
9.1.2 For natural gasoline—Carry out the test exactly as
of the exposed portion, it is suggested that the standards be
described in 9.1.1 but at 40°C (104°F) and for 3 h 6 5 min.
replaced.
9.1.3 For diesel fuel, fuel oil, automotive gasoline—Place
7.1.1.2 These plaques are full-color reproductions of typical
30 mL of sample, completely clear and free of any suspended
strips. They have been printed on aluminum sheets by a 4-color
or entrained water (see 8.3), into a chemically clean, dry 25 by
process and are encased in plastic for protection. Directions for
150-mm test tube and, within 1 min after completing the final
their use are given on the reverse side of each plaque.
preparation (polishing), slide the copper strip into the sample
7.1.2 If the surface of the plastic cover shows excessive
tube. Stopper with a vented cork and place in a bath maintained
scratching it is suggested that the plaque be replaced.
at 50 6 1°C (122 6 2°F) (see 5.1.1). Protect the contents of the
test tube from strong light during the test. After 3 h 6 5 min in
8. Samples
the bath, examine the strip as described in 9.2. For tests on fuel
8.1 It is particularly important that all types of fuel samples,
oil and diesel fuel, to specifications other than Specifications
which pass a low-tarnish strip classification, be collected in
D 396 and D 975, a temperature of 100°C (212°F) for3his
clean, dark glass bottles, plastic bottles, or other suitable
often used as an alternative set of conditions.
containers that will not affect the corrosive properties of the
9.1.4 For cleaners (Stoddard) solvent and kerosine—Carry
fuel. Avoid the use of tin plate containers for collection of
out the test exactly as described in 9.1.3 but at 100 6 1°C (212
samples, since experience has shown that they may contribute
6 2°F).
to the corrosiveness of the sample.
9.1.5 For lubricating oil—Tests can be carried out for
8.2 Fill the containers as completely as possible and close
varying times and at elevated temperatures other than 100°C
them immediately after taking the sample. Take care during
(212°F). For the sake of uniformity, it is suggested that even
sampling to protect the samples from exposure to direct
increments of 50°F beginning with 250°F (or Celsius equiva-
sunlight or even diffused daylight. Make the test as soon as
lents to the nearest whole degree) be used.
possible after receipt in the laboratory and immediately after
9.2 Str
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