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ASTM B821-02

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis

Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle size analysis instruments. This guide describes a general procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also lists procedures that are currently in general use for certain materials.
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal compounds. However, the general procedure described herein may be used, with caution as to its significance, for other particulate materials, such as ceramics, pigments, minerals, etc.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2002
ICS
19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
Technical Committee
B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
Drafting Committee
B09.02 - Base Metal Powders
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B821-92(1997) - Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Replaced By
ASTM B821-02(2007) - Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3560-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Data – Common Exchange Format for Particle Size Analysis by Light Scattering
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM E3340-22 - Standard Guide for Development of Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analysis Methods for Powder Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2651-19 - Standard Guide for Powder Particle Size Analysis
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM B822-20 - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM B859-21 - Standard Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size Analysis
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM B761-17(2021) - Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring of Gravity Sedimentation
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM E3338-22 - Standard Guide for Size and Shape of Solid Particles, Liquid Droplets, and Gas Bubbles, Dynamically Conveyed, Using a Dynamic Imaging Analyzer
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002

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ASTM B821-02 - Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size AnalysisASTM B821-02 - Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
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ASTM B821-02 - Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B821–02
Standard Guide for
Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related
1
Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This guide covers the dispersion in liquids of metal 4.1 The method of powder dispersion in a liquid has a
powders and related compounds for subsequent use in particle significant effect on the results of a particle size distribution
size analysis instruments. This guide describes a general analysis. The analysis will show a too-coarse, unstable, or
procedure for achieving and determining dispersion; it also nonrepeatabledistributionifthepowderhasnotbeendispersed
lists procedures that are currently in general use for certain adequately. It is therefore important that parties wishing to
materials. compare their analyses use the same dispersion technique.
1.2 This guide is limited to metal powders and related metal 4.2 This guide provides established powder dispersion tech-
compounds. However, the general procedure described herein niques for certain materials and the means of deriving tech-
may be used, with caution as to its significance, for other niques for materials not listed. It should be used by all parties
particulatematerials,suchasceramics,pigments,minerals,etc. performing liquid-dispersed particle size analysis of all of the
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded materials covered by this guide (see 1.1, 1.2, and 4.1).
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 4.3 This guide should be used in the preparation of powders
information only. for use in Test Methods B 430, B 761, and B 822 and other
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the procedures that analyze metal powder particle size distribu-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the tions in liquid-dispersed systems.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Microscope, suitable for observation of particles in the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
size range of 5 to 1000 µm.
2. Referenced Documents 1
5.2 Ultrasonic Probe, ⁄2 -in. (25.4-mm) tip, with the power
2.1 ASTM Standards: level to be determined by this guide.
2
B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy 5.3 Ultrasonic Bath—Power level to be determined by this
B 430 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Refrac- guide.
tory Metal Powders and Related Compounds byTurbidim-
2 6. Reagents
etry
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals should be
B 761 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Refrac-
tory Metals and Their Compounds by X-Ray Monitoring used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
2
all reagents should conform to the specifications of the
of Gravity Sedimentation
B 822 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
2 3
Society. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
3. Terminology
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms nation.
can be found in Terminology B 243. 6.2 Surfactants—Suggested surfactants are listed in Table 1
, ,
4 5 6
and footnotes 4 through 6.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved 1992 as B 821 – 92(1997).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B821–02
TABLE 1 Recommended Dispersion Procedures
Ultrasonic
Treatment
Carrier Surfactant
Material Surfactant
Liquid Concentration
Power
Type Time, min
Level, W
Chromium carbide water none . none . .
A
or
bath 25 5
B C
Copper water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B
Ferroalloys isopropyl alcohol Tween 21 10 % bath 80 1
B C
Iron/steel water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
B C
Manganese sulfide water Tween 21 3–5 drops bath 80 1
Molybdenum water sodium hexametaphosphate 0.01 % prob
...

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Standard Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The method of powder dispersion in a liquid has a significant effect on the results of a particle size distribution analysis. The analysis will show a too-coarse, unstable, or nonrepeatable distribution if the powder has not been dispersed adequately. It is therefore important that parties wishing to compare their analyses use the same dispersion technique.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This terminology includes all those terms used in all of the standards under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee E29.01. Terms are defined that are related to the manufacture of standard test sieves and screening media, as well as terms related to the methods, analysis, procedures, and equipment for sizing and separating particles.  
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ASTM D8200-22(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability to correlate results of analyzers to sieve sets enables the use of non-sieve methods to be employed that give comparable results to each other.  
5.2 The use of analyzers for proppant measurement has the benefit of providing particle shape characteristics which are important in the performance of these materials. Shape analysis is currently done by operator’s determination based on a visual observation of a small number of particles per API 19C. Available information from imaging analysis of many particles can be used to assess the proppant shape characteristics as opposed to just a small number.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedural steps to create a correlation that can be used to compare results of proppant size distributions between dynamic imaging analyzers (analyzers) and prescribed sieve sets.  
1.2 The proppant size and distribution specifications that are included in this practice are listed in API Standard 19C (API 19C) and shown in Table 1, however as industry evolves additional specifications may come into use and this practice can be used with those as well.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to all proppant types and designations. The acceptability of the correlations determined are judged by the operator.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, except sieve designations are typically identified using the ‘alternative’ system in accordance with Practice E11, such as 3 in. and No. 200 instead of the ‘standard’ system of 75 mm and 75 µm, respectively.  
1.5 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.  
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in Practice D6026 are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2977-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Particle Size Range of Peat Materials for Horticultural Purposes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is primarily used in the horticulture industry to separates peat material into arbitrary fractions based on particle size. Physical separation of peat material according to particle size provides a useful indicator of the properties of a peat specimen such as pore space and degree of decomposition for unprocessed peat. It also provides a means of determining the amount of foreign matter not in a divided state such as sticks, stones, and glass.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 Peat materials consist of particles with various sizes. This practice covers the separation of peat particles into coarse, medium, and fine size fractions using the 2.36 mm (No. 8) and 0.850 mm (No. 20) sieves equipped with cover and bottom pan. This practice is applicable for peat materials used in the horticultural industry and can be used to verify the degree of decomposition of peat and to determine the foreign matter content.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
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ASTM D4513-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalytic Materials by Sieving

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine particle size distributions of catalysts and supports for materials specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development work.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of catalytic powder material using a sieving instrument and is one of several found valuable for the measurement of particle size. This test method is particularly suitable for particles in the 20 to 420 μm range. (See Terminology D3766.)  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—In 5.2, mesh size is the standard unit of measure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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